Alltsedan 1970-talets oljekris har olika metoder att öka uttaget av skogsbränsle för energi-framställning kommit och gått. Klimatförändringarna och ett ökat oljepris har ånyo aktualiserat användningen av skogsbränsle vid klimatneutral och förnyelsebar energi-framställning i Sverige. I en proposition från regeringen framgår målet att 50 % av den tillförda energin år 2020 ska komma från förnyelsebara energikällor. Fjärrvärme och kraftvärme nämns som en möjlig väg att gå. Tillgången på skogsbränsle och behov av skogsbränsle för värme- och elproduktion varierar över landet.

Singapore är ett av världens mest tätbefolkade länder och har samtidigt en elkonsumtion per capita som är en av de högsta i världen. Landet har inga egna energiresurser utan för att klara av sin höga elkonsumtion är de i stor utsträckning beroende av import av fossila bränslen, främst naturgas importerad i gasledningar från Malaysia och Indonesien.En konsekvens av detta är att Singapores har låg energisäkerhet. Energisäkerhet innebär att energiförsörjningen ska vara prisvärd, pålitlig och tillräcklig. Med sitt stora beroende av importerade fossila bränslen är Singapore utsatt för flera energisäkerhetsrisker vilket kan få många förödande konsekvenser.Att förnybar energi kan bidra till miljömässiga fördelar lyfts ofta fram, men hur förnybar energi kan bidra till bättre energisäkerhet är mindre välkänt. Det finns flera energisäkerhetsrisker relaterade till att använda fossila bränslen och förnybar energi kan därmed, i de länder där rätt förutsättningar finns, minska dessa energisäkerhetsrisker.Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka om förnybara energikällor kan bidra till en säkrare elförsörjning i Singapore.

The purpose with this report is to examine how the implemented energy efficiency measures on Bokelundskolan in Växjö have had impact on the energy use. The measures which have been implemented are, new ventilation system, new heating system, optimized adjustment of the heating system, new windows with U-value 1.2 and lower window height, insulation under windows and in the crawl space. The school's energy use before and after rebuilding has been calculated with the calculation program, Vip-Energy 1.5.5.Calculations of energy use for the school with windows on U-value, 0.9 and 0.7 have also been done. The replacement of windows has been studied from a cost perspective. The conclusion is that the exchange of heat and ventilation system was the biggest contributor to reduced energy use on Bokelundskolan.

The purpose of this thesis is to identify the factors that drive efficiency and effectiveness in technical development projects performed at A?F?s department of product development. In addition to identifying and analyzing these factors, the thesis also analyzes what needs to be taken in to account in order to implement a measurement system that is able to both monitor and control the identified factors.The thesis has been performed in a qualitative manner. It is based on interviews with people from several different technological companies, within different lines of business, all of which are customers to A?F?s department of product development.The results show that there are seven critical factors for project efficiency and effectiveness.

This thesis has identified and studied measures to allow for reduced use of electricity in a waste incineration plant in western Sweden. The energy extracted from the waste at the powerplant is utilized and sold in form of electricity and heat. Technical and environmentally the combined heat and power plant is by today's standards among the leading waste incineration plants in the world. The owners are constantly striving to improve the efficiency of the waste incineration plant. They have seen the opportunities for savings in reducing internal usage of electricity.

For several years Uppsala University together with several companies has been involved in a WISENET project aimed at improving railway transport security. By placing a sensor system near the wheels of each wagon, the temperature of the bearings can be measured and transmitted to a collector placed centrally on the wagon. This in turn transmits the collected data to RFID receivers placed intermittently along the railway.As the signals are transmitted wirelessly, problems may occur as the antennas get dirty or coated with ice and snow. To determine the effects of these coatings, several tests were performed examining the reflection coefficient S11, the impedance Z11 and the efficiency eta of an antenna, and how they varied when various coatings were placed over the antenna. Examined coatings were ice, snow and water to determine the effects of weather, and various metal-based coatings: powdered iron both pure and partially oxidized, and iron ore granules.

SammanfattningDetta arbete är inriktat mot att hitta möjliga metoder för att förbättra inhomhuskilmatet ibostadshus och andra byggnader i Irak.Irak lider i dagsläget av stor brist på energi jämfört med andra länder i regionen. Med energimenas här elkraft. Alla krig de senaste 35 åren har orsakat att Irak idag har en oerhörd brist påelkraft som har förorsakat bland annat ett sämre inomhusklimat i byggnaderna.Syftet med denna studie är att hitta en hållbar lösning för att ändra och förbättrainomhusmiljön genom att använda nya material i konstruktionen av lokala byggnader. De nyaämnena hjälper till att förminska den energi som förbrukas för att skapa en friskare och bättreinnemiljö.De ämnen som föreslås kommer att vara svenska material som håller mycket hög kvalitet ochsom även har en bra isoleringsförmåga som kan spara högsta möjliga mängd av förbrukadenergi.Detta projekt kommer visa på möjligheter att förändra den nuvarande arbetsstrategi i Irak, därman strävar efter att bygga ut produktionen av elkraft för att ersätta bristerna inomenergisektorn.I projektet diskuteras och efterforskas nya sätt att förbättra inomhusmiljön i byggnader somleder till en minskning av förbrukad energi och det kommer på så sätt att leda till att manslipper leta efter andra, nya, energikällor i Irak.Startkapitalet är relativt högt men man åstadkommer en långsiktig lönsamhet genom attförbrukningen av energi för uppvärmning och nedkylning minskar..

The purpose of this thesis is to identify the factors that drive efficiency and effectiveness in technical development projects performed at A?F?s department of product development. In addition to identifying and analyzing these factors, the thesis also analyzes what needs to be taken in to account in order to implement a measurement system that is able to both monitor and control the identified factors.The thesis has been performed in a qualitative manner. It is based on interviews with people from several different technological companies, within different lines of business, all of which are customers to A?F?s department of product development.The results show that there are seven critical factors for project efficiency and effectiveness.

This thesis investigates the regulation of hybrid work environments by focusing on the implementation of rules by both management and employees. It examines the methods used to measure compliance and the consequences of non-compliance within organizations. The study also explores how flexibility in work arrangements and the balance between work and personal life affect employee well-being and productivity. Furthermore, it highlights the critical role of self-leadership in navigating the complexities of hybrid work, emphasizing how effective self-management can enhance organizational efficiency and employee satisfaction. We have adopted a qualitative research approach and interviewed employees, managers, and HR personnel with experience in hybrid work. The different perspectives are expected to provide insights into this area by including all levels within an organization It is evident that organizations that have clearly established rules and guidelines regarding hybrid work have achieved the best desired results.

With increased deployment ofintermittent renewable energy, such aswind and solar power, energy storagebecomes necessary to help reduceproduction peaks. Thermoelectric EnergyStorage is a method still in researchphase, which stores electricity in hotwater at a temperature of 120 ° C. Thisthesis aims to examine whether theThermoelectric Energy Storage would bepossible to integrate into existingpower generation such as a combined heatand power plant, and how the technologypotentially could function in theelectricity market. ThermoelectricEnergy Storage consists of a chargingprocess and a discharging process, bothoperating by the working fluid CO2. Toincrease the efficiency of theThermoelectric Energy Storage, wasteheat from the district heating networkis integrated.A model of the Thermoelectric EnergyStorage has been developed and it wascalculated by thermodynamic propertiesof the working fluid, CO2, in thevarious process steps.

The aim of this essay is, with reference to a close study on the negotiation delegations of the Tenant Association, to examine the principals of democracy in relation to distribution of power and participation, efficiency and professionalism. This is done with the intention to understand the Tenant Association's view on its own commission as negotiator, according to democracy. The investigation is carried out on the Tenant Association in the Swedish cities of Stockholm, Malmö and Gothenborg.The data acquisition was obtained by using a questionnaire and through interviews with representatives from the Tenant Association negotiation delegation.A central conclusion from this investigation is that the representatives of the Tenant Association generally are satisfied with the democracy model used in the organisation, despite awareness of the fact that there are some failures with representation amongst younger people, women and immigrants. Also, they suggest that the model with representative democracy is by all means the most useful because of its arrangement and efficiency in decision making processes.The policies of the Tenant Association, considering distribution of power and participation between elected representatives and employees, are legitimated by the negotiation delegates. However, there is obvious discrepancy in the look upon their respective tasks between the delegates and the chief negotiators.One can recognise the development of democracy that is called New Public Management in this survey.

In the spring of 2014 Sweco Systems AB were commissioned to design a ventilation system for a newly built preschool in Linköping. Terms from the client was that it cost efficiency would cope with the energy demands that are placed on the building. The unit chosen was a cross-flow heat exchanger, and this work is to compare it with two other heat exchangers to see if a more energy and cost efficient could have been chosen. The heat exchangers that was chosen for the comparison was a rotating- and a counterflow heat exchanger. Simulations have been made to the different heat exchangers by the manufacturers.

For several years Uppsala University together with several companies has been involved in a WISENET project aimed at improving railway transport security. By placing a sensor system near the wheels of each wagon, the temperature of the bearings can be measured and transmitted to a collector placed centrally on the wagon. This in turn transmits the collected data to RFID receivers placed intermittently along the railway.As the signals are transmitted wirelessly, problems may occur as the antennas get dirty or coated with ice and snow. To determine the effects of these coatings, several tests were performed examining the reflection coefficient S11, the impedance Z11 and the efficiency eta of an antenna, and how they varied when various coatings were placed over the antenna. Examined coatings were ice, snow and water to determine the effects of weather, and various metal-based coatings: powdered iron both pure and partially oxidized, and iron ore granules.

The aim of this study was to increase the knowledge about if and how the National Value System?s goal of a life with dignity for the elderly pervades the work in home care organisations. The study was based on a qualitative research method and was conducted through interviews with professional care givers in home care organisations, there were five individual interviews and one pair interview. The background for this study was the National Value System for the eldercare that was introduced in 2011. The theory of New Public Management and the concept of Rationality of Caring were used to analyse the result.

Making the work in the public sector more efficient is something that has been seen as necessary during the later years. One way to do this on municipal level has been to apply solutions former used mostly by private companies. The organisational parts have also been adjusted to existing conditions in this work of change. For example more and more municipalities have come to use the purchaser-supplier model since the beginning of the 1990's. Norrköping, Linköping and Motala have been chosen in this essay for a closer study of the effects of the changes of the 90's, from an efficiency point of view.