Today it is mandatory for every college or university student to pay a union fee to their student?s union. The fee is mandatory and is a payment for writing examinations, receiving grades. The fees purpose is also intended to secure the education quality and student influence. In the presence of the abolishment of the union fee the Swedish student?s unions stand before an uprising competition between themselves and most likely a decrease in membership.

The national spatial planning guidelines and the subsequent legal regulation in the Natural Resources Act and the Environmental Code has been a part of the Swedish planning system for almost 40 years. In the recent years, critics have claimed that the regulations are outdated and does not work the way it was intended. This paper examines closer why it is perceived that the regulations does not work, with a focus on how the national interests are managed in the municipal planning. Why is the national interests not applied in the municipal planning as intended? Is the error in the system or in the implementation of it? The aim of this essay is to study the gap between theory and practice by studying how the land management provisions in the Environmental Code is applied in five selected municipalities.

To create multifunctional buffer strips along a watercourse in an economically sustainable way requires consideration of many different factors. In this plan we have selected pollutant reduction as the main purpose of the buffer strip. We have also strived to achieve minimal income loss due to reduced production, increased biological diversity, good game preservation that leads to higher income from hunting, aesthetical satisfaction and possibility to profit from available subsidies. This is done mainly to make landowners/farmers more interested in creating buffer strips along water courses. As sand is the dominant type of soil in the area, the water course is less affected by surface runoff compared to if the soil would be clay or some other finer texture. Game preservation and subsidies have therefore been the main factors when establishing the width of the strip, because these require wider buffer strips in some cases.

Syfte ? Att skapa en ny produkt inom kategorin mingelbord, som erbjuder fler användningsområden för att bli mer anpassad för privatpersoner och i hemmamiljö. Att genom en innovativ konstruktion och en kombination av moduliserade- och hantverksdelar skapa en unik produkt på marknaden.Metod ? Grundmetoden för det här arbetet är den första fasen i en produkts liv: produktutvecklingsprocessen; identifiera behovet, planera designprocessen, ta fram kundkraven, utveckla konceptet och till sist utveckla produkten.Resultat ? Designkoncept på ett mingelbord har tagits fram och redovisas i bilder. Dessa bilder är resultatet av en uppmodellering i datorn med hjälp av 3D-progam.

This thesis explores and compares the former armed opposition groups; Mozambique National Resistance (RENAMO), Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) and South West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) transformation processes into political parties. The first question addressed is; What factors determines the ability of these armed opposition groups to transform into political parties after armed conflict? The question is addressed through four structural and organizational factors; international involvement, the organizations ideology and identity, their ability to change inter-elite relationships and their ability to change collective incentive strategies. The second question addressed is if the transformations process can affect the parties? degree of institutionalization? The degree of institutionalization is examined through the party's adaptility, complexity, autonomy and coherence.

This Paper examine how a municipality hire employees and in what way they use relevantlegislation in the recruitment process. The purpose of this paper is to clarify one specific municipality and their recruitment process, where the selection of the candidates is in focus of the process.The premiss is that municipalities can hire whoever they want, although some legislation needs to be considered. The principle of objectivity, the precedence and prohibition against discrimination are some restrictions municipalities must be aware of and not contravene.Further on candidates have an opportunity to require probation of the legality if they experience that mistakes have been made with the recuritment. However, only members of the municipality can emphasise this request.The municipalities job advertisements conformation and demands will be clarified in the paper. Job advertisements has a validity regarding disputes refering to discrimination because only the advertisement can justify employers procedure and choise.

Individual adaption to the student´s needs is a recurring main theme in the new Swedish curriculum (Lgr11). The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine how teachers work with individual adjustment for students with reading and writing difficulties. The study was based on five questions;In what way do teachers organize their teaching in the classroom individually for students with reading and writing difficulties?What methods do they use for student´s with reading and writing difficulties?What difficulties do they encounter in their teaching?How do the teachers reason to curriculum goals regarding individual adaptions?How do they think about their own knowledge regarding reading- and writing difficulties and dyslexia?The method for my study was qualitative interviews. Five teachers were interviewed in semi-structured interviews.

Studiens syfte var att undersöka och analysera pedagogers erfarenheter av en skriftligutformad plan för att motverka diskriminering och kränkande behandling i förskolan. Det ären kvalitativ studie som bygger på intervjuer med pedagoger på förskolor.Frågeställningarna som låg till grund för studien var: Hur upplever pedagogerna processenkring utformandet av den skriftligt utformade planen för att motverka diskriminering ochkränkande handling? Hur beskriver pedagogerna den skriftligt utformade planens användningi arbetet att motverka diskriminering och kränkande handling? Vilka utvecklingsmöjligheterser pedagogerna kring den skriftligt utformade planen som verktyg i arbetet att motverkadiskriminering och kränkande handling?Resultatet i studien visar bland annat att pedagogerna upplever processen kring utformandetav planen som svår då det till exempel var svårt att få tag i information. Användningen avplanen beskriver pedagogerna som en punkt på dagordningen, de tycker att den användssamtidigt som den upplevs mer som en pappersprodukt än som ett innehållsförankratdokument. När det gäller utvecklingsmöjligheter kring planen ger pedagogerna uttryck för attde själva behöver mer kunskap i ämnet och planen behöver på olika sätt implementeras meri verksamheten..

The so called ?ByggaF-method? is a relatively new Swedish method to stop moisture from being built into a building. The method should prevent damages on buildings as a result of mould growth and moisture. The purpose of the method is to include moisture control in the entire constructionprocess, from the projecting phase and all the way to the management phase. Up until now, there is no proof if the method is profitable or not and no studies have been made on the topic.

Syftet med denna studie är att öka förståelsen för vad som motiverar volontärer och vad de har för förhoppningar och förväntningar när de kommer för att arbeta på en musikfestival, och hur denna grupp människor passar in i mallen som motivationsteoretiker målat upp för vad människor motiveras av och hur vi motiverar arbetskraft.Vi insåg under vårt arbete med musikfestivalvolontärer att det finns mycket lite kunskap om gruppen samt om hur man på bästa sätt arbetar mot volontärer på en festival. Vad som speciellt intresserade oss var upptäckten av hur många av de volontärer som anmält sig med sedan valde att oanmält inte dyka upp till festivalen eller att avbryta arbetet under festivalens gång.Studien försöker att belysa detta ämne och bidra till mer kunskap inom detta fält och ytterligare en upptäckt vi gjort är att den förutspådda skillnaden mellan arbetsledaren och volontärers attityder inte är så stor. Det finns en högre medvetenhet om volontärernas situation hos arbetledare än vad som initialt observerats, men att denna kunskap allt för sällan kan omvandlas till handling.Vi har alltså undersökt volontärers motivation och arbetsledares attityder för att förstå vad bortfallet av ideell arbetskraft under festivaler beror på, både före och under genomförandet. Denna uppsats är riktad mot personer som har ett intresse av fenomenet motivation hos ideell arbetskraft. .

The purpose of this study is to portray conflict managing associated with children in a small class and what problems they may face each day at school. What types of conflicts and what consequences do teachers practice? This study is based on these following questions:Is there any difference for solving/measure for students with psychosocial problems or ADHD in a conflict or does teachers still works with the same methods?What types of conflict solving does schools use?What is important to consider with students in a small class who has psychosocial problems and ADHD to prevent conflicts?Summary: To answer my questions in this study, I´ve used qualitative methods, interviews and observations. I have used my cellphone for recording the interviews so that all content from the informers are accurate. My theoretical points concerns on having strict rules both inside and outside the classroom.

Enligt Allied Command Operations (ACO) Comprehensive Operations Planning Directive (COPD) utgör direktivet en gemensam stomme för planering av North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) bidrag till operationer inom ramen för ett Comprehensive approach. Direktivet är avsiktligen detaljrikt för att kunna nyttjas för utbildning. Samtidigt ska det utgöra ett verktyg för erfarna planerare att kunna värdera alla faktorer i komplexa operationer och därigenom ge högkvalitativa operationsplaner på både strategisk och operativ nivå. Framtagandet av ett koncept för ledning är en central del i framtagande av operationens plan. Men för att kunna ta fram ett koncept måste operationens ledningsbehov tas fram.

This study focuses on how the idea of sustainability is dealt with by companies, how the idea changes when moving through a company structure and how the different individuals interpret the idea. To date, many different studies have been written on the subject of sustainability, but few share the perspective addressed in this particular study. This case study was formed at a paper mill in the central part of Sweden. Semi-structured interviews with employees working on different hierarchical levels, within the same company, were chosen in order to get an insight into how the idea of sustainability is implemented throughout an entire company. The interviews have been transcribed to help identify contrasting patterns.This study has shown that the idea of sustainability, and its context within society, differs from how the idea is perceived in the organization.

Till miljöanalyser går det att använda ortofoton från olika år för att göra jämförelser och se förändringar i miljön. Lantmäteriet har ett arkiv med flygbilder från 1930 fram till nutid. Med hjälp av självkalibrering är det möjligt att skapa ortofoton av de äldsta av dessa bilder som saknar data gällande kamera. Data för kameran som använts är nödvändig för att skapa ortofoton. Syftet med studien är att undersöka metoder för att återskapa kameraparametrar för den inre orienteringen i gamla flygbilder från 1940-talet.

What is forgetfulness? How does it show? Is it a part of memory or can it be considered on its own? In the philosophical discourse forgetfulness is limited and the phenomenon is mostly portrayed as a pathological or obscure counterpart of memory. This portraying of forgetfulness can be seen as traditional way of describing it, but there is some philosophers who has spoken of forgetfulness in more fruitful ways. These ways are not to be interpreted as aspirations to decouple forgetfulness from memory, rather they are to be seen as attempts to interpret this relation on another basis. This basis has also led this essay towards an interpretation of forgetfulness' relation to truth.