Background: Chemotherapy and radiation resistance are major causes of failure in cancer treatment. The response to treatment in cancer cells depends on several mechanisms and pathways such as Janus kinases-signal transducers and activators of transcription JAK/STAT pathway. STAT1 was the first described transcription factor in the STAT family. STAT1 is activated by stimulation of signaling proteins such as type II interferon (IFN- ?) and the activated STAT1 translocates from cytoplasm to nucleus.

AbstractThe aim of this essay is to explore how teachers and leisure educators can strengthen and increase students? self-confidence in different ways in their line of work. I chose this inquest for personal reasons and also because it will be of great aid for me since this is what I intend my future profession to be. For this inquest I have chosen to do five qualitative interviews and two unstructured observations. The inquest was also based on relevant literature connected to its purpose.The results show that self-confidence is linked to something the individuals accomplish and that self-esteem is the way they see themselves, an inner feeling.

The purpose of this study was to examine work related stressors and related coping strategies among case managers at a domestic violence shelter in the United States. We further wanted to examine whether locus of control among the participants could be related to work related stress and coping strategies. Qualitative interviews were performed with eight case managers to gain knowledge about the stressors and coping strategies they used by examining their thoughts, feelings and experiences. The result showed that the case managers experience a number of stressors in their work environment such as system problems (e.g., lack of re¬sources and time pressure) and emotional stress. Coping responses among the case managers included efforts to alter the problem, so called problem focused coping, efforts to control emo¬tions, so called emotions focused coping and social support from colleagues.

The main purpose for this study was to examine how boys with destructive and self-harming behaviour are perceived and comprehended by school counsellors and literature. The study assessed how boys who harm themselves are defined both in practice and in theory by using a social constructivist point of view and a gender perspective. The study was divided in two parts concerning gathering knowledge of the matter. The authors, using a method called qualitative semi-structured interviews, interviewed nine school counsellors. To acquire scientific knowledge, the authors implemented a literature review and researched books and journal articles regarding boys who self-harm.

The purpose of this study was to examine what previous research says about children?s experiences living in a low-income family. Its aim was to found out what children themselves say about their life living in a low-income family and what consequences, practical and emotional, low-income environment has on children. More specifically our aim was to find out how children themselves experienced their situation compared with their peer?s economical situation.

Bakgrund: I den fysiska vårdmiljön framkom olika förutsättningar för att skapa god omvårdnad då grundläggande mänskliga värderingarna var av betydelse för hur begreppen hälsa och omvårdnad tolkades. De traditionella vårdmiljöerna kunde uppfattas som anonyma och sterila platser av både sjukvårdspersonal och patienter, dessa egenskaper representerar hur fysiskt påtaglig sjukvårdsmiljön var. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva hur patienter inom somatisk vård upplever den fysiska vårdmiljön på sjukhus. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Resultat: Tre huvudteman framkom vid analysen av artiklarna; sjukhusmiljö, vårdavdelningsmiljö och vårdsalsmiljö.

The aim of this Master's thesis is to examine what effect two different models of acquisition have on user satisfaction with information resources at academic libraries. The two models examined are the traditional model where a subject specialist librarian makes the selection, and the user-governed model where the larger part of the selection is based on user requests. The scope is the libraries of Roskilde University, which employs the traditional acquisition model and Malmö University, which employs the user-governed. Both libraries have a user-oriented approach to acquisition. The study encompasses a close examination of the acquisition policy through document analysis and interviews with the librarians in charge of acquisitions at each university, as well as a user-satisfaction survey among the professors and senior teachers on two faculties at each university respectively.

The purpose of this study is to generate a greater understanding of the different ways in which music can be used to build an identity and create image within movies, and also to explain the different impacts this can have on the parties involved. Through the history of movies music has been used as a tool for enhancement and for expression of emotions. Through music the audience relates to personal memories or emotional states and the experience is given a deeper impact, helping to create memorable movie scenes. Certain directors have created a unique identity through the use of music in their movies, and also artists have been brought forward by starring in a soundtrack. What we find interesting, and what is also the discussion in this study, is in what ways this collaboration/artistic expression can be done and what impact it has on the parties involved.

Aim and Hypotheses The aim of the study was to investigate how episodic hypoxia affects resting blood pressure and the acute blood pressure response in healthy older adults. The following hypotheses were formulated for analysis in the study: Blood pressure increases acutely in healthy older adults during exposure to 150 minutes of hypoxia with SpO? 80%. Resting blood pressure decreases in healthy older adults after 15 repeated exposures of 150 minutes of hypoxia with SpO? 80% over a period of three to four weeks.

Varje år drabbas många unga vuxna av en cancersjukdom. Den stora incidensen av cancersjukdomar i vårt samhälle medför att möten med patienter med cancer sker i hela hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisationen. Med tanke på de starka känslomässiga reaktioner som följer av en cancerdiagnos och hur ungas livssituation påverkas, ligger det hos sjuksköterskor en utmaning i att kunna ge emotionellt stöd som leder till att patienten kan uppleva större hanterbarhet.  Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa hur unga vuxna hanterar tankar och känslor vid en cancersjukdom och hur sjuksköterskan kan ge emotionellt stöd relaterat till att bättre kunna hantera krissituationen. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie och baserades på 29 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet visade på tankar och känslor relaterat till cancerdiagnosen, olika strategier för att hantera diagnosen, samt hur erhållet stöd från sjuksköterskan kan leda till bättre hanterbarhet.

Vi har undersökt konsultchefer på ett bemanningsföretag. Syftet med studien har varit att ta reda på hur de upplever sina olika roller, vilket känsloarbete de utför i dessa roller, samt hur ledarskapet ser ut i chefsrollen. Vi har utgått från ett individperspektiv och med kvalitativ ansats intervjuat sex konsultchefer på ett bemanningsföretag, för att ta reda på vår frågeställning: Hur upplever konsultcheferna sina olika roller (som chef och säljare) och vilket känsloarbete utför de i rollerna mot konsulter och kunder? Denna har vi besvarat med hjälp av tre huvudsakliga teoretiska ramar: Goffmans (2009) dramaturgiska teori, Hochschilds (2003)teorier om emotionellt arbete och slutligen Sandahl et al.s (2010) teorier om chefens roll i organisationen. Undersökningen visade att konsultcheferna upplever det vara viktigare att ?hålla rollen? som säljare mot kunder, än rollen som chef mot konsulter.

Bakgrund: Sedan 1975 när abortlagen i Sverige trädde i kraft, har kvinnor själva haft möjlighet att avgöra om deras graviditet ska avbrytas innan den 18:e graviditetsveckan. I dagens sjukvård tenderar personalen att se mer till det fysiska vilket gör att kvinnors tankar och känslor förbises. Behovet av kunskap om kvinnors känslomässiga upplevelser av abort är därför betydelsefullt att belysa. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa unga kvinnors känslomässiga upplevelser i samband med abort. Metod: Studien utformades som en allmän litteraturstudie där nio artiklar samlades in och analyserades.

The aim of this thesis is to investigate how librarians view marketing of the library using social media and how this can be used in a marketing strategy. The theoretical framework for this thesis is based on the 7 Ps of the marketing mix, SWOT-analysis and SWOT/TOWS Matrix. The theory is based on planned elements that make up a product or service offered the market. We have used our own interpretation of the theories to analyse our material. Our main method has been a web-based questionnaire, the questionnaire was sent to 523 librarians active at ten large public libraries and its related branches.

Lake lowering in sulphide-rich areas is currently a major environmental impact for surface water. This study focuses on whether there is a relationship between a gradient of lake lowering and surface water impacts in areas of sulphide-rich sediments, in order to better understand their contribution of heavy metals and sulfuric acid. Also, is it a reasonable method to use the reduced lake area in order to quantify the gradient? The survey was conducted by collecting water samples from reference lakes and lowered lakes from south to north in coastal areas within the county of Västerbotten. Water samples were then analyzed for TOC, pH, conductivity, anions, base cations, alkalinity, acidity, sulfate, Al, Cd, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Pb.

Det primära syftet med uppsatsen är att studera relationerna mellan de nya och de etablerade börsmarknaderna i EU för att se om det ha skett någon förändring under perioden 1996-2005. Ett sekundärt syfte är att undersöka huruvida den finansiella integrationen inom unionen har blivit starkare under den studerade tidsperioden. I syfte att kunna besvara de frågor som vi är intresserade av använder vi oss av VAR-metoden. Med hjälp av "impulse response" beräknade vi hur snabbt en händelse sprider sig mellan de undersökta börsmarknaderna samt hur lång tid det tar innan dessa åter är i jämvikt. "Variance decomposition" talar om för oss i vilken utsträckning de olika börsmarknaderna påverkar varandra.