Bakgrund: Att förebygga, bedöma och behandla smärta är centralt i anestesisjuksköterskans arbete. Barns upplevelser och uttryckssätt vid smärta skiljer sig mycket från vuxnas. Det är därför en stor utmaning för anestesisjuksköterskor att tolka barns uttryck och känslor för att förstå barnet och kunna erbjuda trygghet och smärtlindring. Forskning har visat att barns postoperativa smärta underbehandlas, trots att kunskaperna om barns smärta ökat. Genom att belysa anestesisjuksköterskans upplevelser kan förståelsen för vad som bidrar till en god respektive mindre god postoperativ smärtlindring av barn öka.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva anestesisjuksköterskors erfarenheter i samband med postoperativ smärtlindring av barn.Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med åtta anestesisjuksköterskor från ett svenskt länssjukhus i mellersta Norrland.  Insamlad data analyserades med manifest innehållsanalys.Resultat: Utifrån analysen framkom tre kategorier och sju subkategorier.

Bakgrund: Om ett barn fo?ds fo?r tidigt kan fo?ljden bli att barnet va?rdas pa? en intensivva?rdsavdelning. Dessa barn kan utsa?ttas fo?r ma?nga livsno?dva?ndiga men sma?rtsamma procedurer under va?rdtiden. Sma?rta a?r en negativ upplevelse fo?r individen ba?de pa? kort och pa? la?ng sikt.

The catchphrase this project has been; the boundaries between ornamentation and improvisation are fluid.My aim was to focus on my work process, giving me the space and time so develop my design further regarding shape, color and combination of different styles in patterns.This is an explorative project where patterns were created without a predetermined product of which the patterns would be applied. In a later stage the character of the pattern determined which product that would be most suitable for application.It resulted in a collection of patterns for wallpaper and clothing. The motives are foxes, geometrical shapes and squares from a notebook. These motives form an ornamental expression in the patterns with the purpose of embellishment and therefore increase the emotional value of the product..

The overall aim of this study is to examine how Swedish women?s youth- magazines describes women. Through a social constructivist perspective, this essay particularly focuses on how the magazines deals with issues of gender and sexuality and what norms they reproduce. The magazine?s image of the young Swedish woman is a somewhat complex one, although one thing is strikingly clear: she is very different from men.

This thesis investigates young people´s (16-21) preferences in reading through a survey including interviews and questionnaires. The groups attitudes towards reading and libraries, their reading and library habits, and to what extent eight libraries had bought the preferred literature were also examined. Some reports from the 80´s were used to find the changes. The result shows that youngsters read and visit libraries somewhat more frequently. Trivial literature is not as dominant, more teenage-books were read.

AbstractBackground: Plantar fasciitis is the most common heel injury and is a long-term pain syndrom in the attachment of the plantar fascia to the calcaneus bone. The condition is treated mainly in primary care, but there is currently no treatment guideline for the treatment of plantar fasciitis in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate which treatment that occurred in primary care in Dalarna, Gävleborg and Västmanland counties, which treatments that were most common alone and in combination with each other. The aim was also to investigate if the four most commonly used treatment methods as physical therapists said they had used were supported in the literature, and if there was any difference between county employees and private physical therapists in the choice of treatment method.Method: 100 physiotherapists in primary care in Dalarna, Gävleborg and Västmanland counties, received a questionnaire by mail. 80 of the 100 physiotherapists were county employees and 20 were private employees.

The study aims to illustrate how women victims of male violence in intimate relationships are treated during the legal process and with professional perspective describe what women?s experiences considered to be in the legal process. The study also aims to draw attention to the interventions for abused women during the legal process.The results are based on interviews with professionals in the justice system, and on observations in the courtroom. Overall our results show that abused women are in need of a great quantity of help and support before, during and after the negotiation. The legal process is very stressful for the women.

Bakgrunden för denna studie är problematiken kring beslutsfattande. Tidigare forskning visar att en individ dagligen fattar en mängd medvetna och omedvetna beslut. Dessa beslut faller sig olika utefter vilka erfarenheter, preferenser och känslor individen har och hur detta påverkar individen vid köp av dyra sällanköpsvaror. Syftet med studien är att identifiera faktorer och personlighetstyper som influerar köparens beslut gällande dyra sällanköpsvaror..

SyfteSyftet med föreliggande studie var att försöka klargöra om stötvågsbehandling har någon effekt på smärta och handgreppstyrka hos patienter med lateral epikondylalgia.Frågeställningar1. Har stötvågsbehandling någon effekt på smärta hos patienter med lateral epikondylalgia, i så fall vilken?2. Har stötvågsbehandling någon effekt på handgreppsstyrka hos patienter med lateral epikondylalgia, i så fall vilken?MetodSökning av litteratur utfördes i PubMed, Cochrane, Cinahl och PEDro.

This study explores employees subjective experience of their employment relation before and during an outsourcing process and has its starting point in the concept of the psychological contract. Eight employees, in the process of being outsourced, were interviewed. The focus was on ?the employees? individual experiences and stories about the subjective and perceived employment relationship. Data were analyzed using basic qualitative analysis.

Theory of mind involves the ability to take another person?s perspective in thought, emotions and intentions.  There is today a lack of instruments to assess children?s development of Theory of Mind (ToM) in Swedish. ToM is considered by many scientists to be the basis for development of pragmatic competence. The relationship between these two abilities is complex and not fully resolved. Both abilities are important components for the development of social skills.    The purpose of this study was to compare 4 and 5-year olds ToM-ability measured with a Swedish version of Wellman and Liu?s ToM-scale, Sally Anne and Social Emotional Test with estimated pragmatic competence measured with the Children?s Communication Checklist (CCC).

Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka om vanliga procedurer inom intensivvård medför smärta och obehag samt om det finns ett samband mellan patientens grad av smärta och obehag. Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor har med sin vårdvetenskapliga utgångspunkt en viktig roll i att lindra lidande, främja välbefinnande och minska obehag. Studier har visat att sjuksköterskor underskattar patientens smärta vilket kan tänkas grunda sig i bristande kunskap om vilken rätt till inflytande i behandlingen patienten har. Då patienten känner trygghet med personalen kan välbefinnandet öka. Design: Kvantitativ ansats med deskriptiv och jämförande design samt hypotetisk-deduktiv metod.

Att föda barn är för många kvinnor en av de största händelserna i livet. Ett flertal faktorerpåverkar kvinnans upplevelse såsom smärta, kontroll och stöd. Att få kontinuerligt stöd underförlossningen påverkar både förlossningsupplevelsen och förlossningsutfallet i positivriktning. Det finns flera studier om förlossningsupplevelser men få som enbart fokuserar pånegativa upplevelser av förlossningen. Studier som beskriver vad kvinnor med en negativförlossningsupplevelse upplever skulle vara viktigt för att få en mer positiv upplevelse saknashelt.

AbstractPurpose/Aim: To describe in-classroom use of mobile phones amongst teenagers.Material/Method: The data was collected through as use of focus groups and field studies.Main results: The main findings confirm the findings of other studies on teens and mobile phones. Teens use their mobile phones for much more than just sending text messages and making calls, there are many different types of localized usages. There is also a strong emotional connection between the device, its content and the user.Keywords: mobile phone, teens, classroom, focus groups, observation, field studies, mobility..

The objective of this thesis is to analyse how masculinity in close relationships is represented through imagery and writing in Världens viktigaste bok and Pojkkön, which are instructive books about sexuality and relationships written for primary school teachers and students. This thesis is based upon theories regarding masculinity and family, and the theorists used are Connell (1996), Prusank (2007), Greif (2009) and Bergnéhr (2008). The methods used are framing and picture analysis to investigate how masculinity in close relationships is represented implicitly and explicitly. The results of this study show that masculinity in close relationships is represented by a man who provides, has an active lifestyle, is outgoing and displays a limited emotional capacity..