Syftet med den här studien var att utifrån vetenskaplig litteratur beskriva den perioperativa omvårdnaden ur patienters och operationssjuksköterskors perspektiv. Metoden var en beskri-vande litteraturstudie med kvalitativa och kvantitativ studier som publicerats de senaste 10 åren. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna: Academic Search Elite, Medline och Chinal. Studierna var från hela världen bland annat Australien, England samt Europa. Resultatet av föreliggande studie visade att när patienten och operationssjuksköterskan tillsammans planerade, genom-förde och utvärderade omvårdnaden runt omkring operation skapades en relation och det bil-dades en sammanhängande helhet.

The purpose of this thesis is to explain one aspect of how and why the development in the third world is lagging behind. The precondition is that development through an agricultural revolution is necessary and that all countries benefit from trading. But these two conditions are not met today. By using the urban-bias and the world system theory I have analysed how the situation appears to be according to the precondition. It appears that both the urban-bias and the world system theory are essential to understand how and why the situation in third world still has not reached the same development phase as most other countries.

Arbetsgivaren har huvudansvaret för arbetsmiljön där ohälsa skall förebyggas och en god arbetsmiljö skapas. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att sammanställa kunskap om vad som minskar stress hos sjuksköterskor. En samlad litteraturöversikt genomfördes för att analysera kunskapsläget inom området och visa på faktorer som kan minska stress i sjuksköterskans arbete. Litteraturöversikten har baserats på vetenskapliga studier från databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och Academic Search Elite publicerade mellan åren 2003-2013. Kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier har använts och analyserades enligt en manifest innehållsanalys.

Over-investors ? a study of advanced language pupils in the upper secondary school.  The thesis examines the advanced study of Modern Foreign Languages (MFL) from a sociological point of view, inspired by Bourdieu.  Founded in official statistics and a specially designed survey its main findings can be said to be that it is mainly pupils with a high amount of acquired educational capital from higher social backgrounds who avail themselves of this opportunity, predominantly girls. The amount of inherited language and transnational capital in the family seems to be of particular importance for the pupils? choice of advanced language studies. French, German and Spanish are the predominant languages of study.

In this essay i argue that there are three different variables that may be able to control the outcome of certain foreign policy choices. These three variables are External Threats, government division and public opinion. The Essay also tries to identify former president Bush motives behind the 2003 Iraqi War. It is partly argued that the three variables had a certain amount of influence on Bush decision making process. But the main focus lies on the motives behind the attack.

This thesis was written with the aim of studyingthe volksdeutsche minority in Danish Sleswick-Holsatia (dan.?Sønderjylland?). The author has been using theories from Robert Dahl (amongother prominent political scientists) regarding minority activities in amajority society to measure inclusion of this minority. The thesis is a casestudy on a macro-political level. The result of this study was that thevolksdeutsche minority is indeed well integrated in the contemporary Danishsociety albeit with a strong German identity.

The aim of this essay is to illustrate a modern phenomenon, the Olympic Games, by applying the ideas of Mircea Eliade concerning space, time and myth. This literature study is mainly divided in two parts, one descriptive and one analytic. In the first part Eliade?s ideas and some criticism, which has been pointed against his theoretical approaches as well as his character, are presented. In the second part an analysis is carried out, based on the previously presented ideas and elements essential for the Olympics; the idea of the Olympics, the place, the ceremonies, the competition and the concept of individual idolism.I have discussed what seems like gnostic tendencies in Eliade?s ideas, in the sense that both Eliade?s ideas and the concept of Gnosticism argue that knowledge is a necessary condition for salvation, as well as the fact that Eliade and his ideas have not always a pro-Christian approach.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the two Swedish cross-country skiers, Charlotte Kalla and Marcus Hellner are portrayed in the tabloids Aftonbladet and Expressen. The study is based on theories of sports journalism, media- and gender studies. Within these theories there are beliefs that men and women are portrayed differently in sports journalism. Sports journalism is described as a subject where there is a hierarchy in which the man is often framed as dominant in relationship to the woman.This study was made in an attempt to examine whether this was the case in the Swedish tabloid magazines Aftonbladet and Expressens coverage of the winter Olympics. Articles published about Charlotte Kalla and Marcus Hellner in the 2010 Vancouver Olympics, and the Olympic Games in Sochi in 2014 were analyzed by a quantitative content analysis.

Postnatal depression (PND) is a condition which affects about 8-15% of recent parents. The cause of PND is unknown but several underlying factors have been purposed through different studies. This descriptive literature review aims to illuminate the parent?s situation when the mother is affected with PND. In search of literature, the databases Medline (via PubMed), Academic Search Elite, Cinahl, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES and SweMed+ were used.

Many questions are still left unanswered regarding the period c. 450-700 AD, when hordes of Anglo-Saxon migrants landed on the British Isles and by doing so made the starting point in the foundation of England. Who were these Germanic tribes? The theories of how the migration proceeded are today many. The two major theories today concerns whether it was a question of a mass migration or a gradual migration proceeded by smaller groups of military elite.

Qigong was initiated by the Chinese government in the 1950´s as a domestic medical tradition to be included within a modern scientific framework. During the first decades it became popular among the élite. During the 70´s and 80´s scientific confirmation of the existence of qi contributed to its immense popularity among the population. Charismatic leaders with a traditional background were leading their groups in parks and the movement was booming. In 1992 Falun Gong was established by Li Hongzhi as qigong taken to a higher level.

The aim of this study was to describe how nurses cope with their daily stress at work. A literature review was made to answer the research question, data was gathered from two databases; Academic Search Elite and Medline (via Pubmed). The result which was based on 20 scientific articles showed that nurses used problem-focused and emotional-focused coping strategies to deal with the stress at work. Most of the nurses used emotional-focused coping strategies by practise some kind of physical activities, avoid and take distance from the problem. Using these strategies was negative correlated with burnout and psychological health.

The Afghan war post 9/11 has become the source of multiple case studies. Recent studies suggest that variations in domestic support for deployment of troops in Afghanistan can be explained by means of the strategic narratives provided by the policymakers of the contributing state; a strong consistent narrative increases public support. Scholars recognize a Swedish catch-all narrative, which suggests weakens the narrative, thus raising the uncertainty among the public. This thesis investigates the projection of Swedish strategic narrative through elite Swedish newspapers. The content analysis reveals an inconsistency between the policymaker?s formation of the strategic narrative and the narrative projected by individual newspapers.

SammanfattningSyftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva sjuksköterskans kunskap samt attityd tillbarn med postoperativ smärta. Metoden som författarna använt sig utav var sökningari databaserna Academic Search Elite, Med Line samt manuellt.Till litteraturstudien användes 14 vetenskapliga förgranskade vetenskapliga artiklar.Med hjälp utav Benner och Wrubels omvårdnads teori tydliggörs sjuksköterskans roll.Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskans kunskap, attityd samt smärtlindring till barn medpostoperativ smärta var undermålig samt bristfällig. Även kommunikationen mellansjuksköterska samt förälder var bristfällig. Smärtskattningsinstrument existerar menendast en liten del av sjuksköterskorna hade kunskap, god attityd eller tid till attanvända dem Författarna anser att föreliggande studie är av betydelse för att skapa endebatt samt föra upp ämnet i ljuset. .

Background: The early relations are the most important relationship. The child is totally dependent of caring. A child being neglected during the early years suffers consequences for the rest of their life. Aim: The aim of this study was to find out about the promoting factors for mother and child attachment during the first year. Methods: A literature review was chosen for this study.