Animals in zoos live in more barren environments than their conspecifics in nature. In nature, Elephants spend more than 75 % of the day foraging and have been observed lying down two hours during night. Stereotypies are common in many different species in zoos. Stereotypic behaviors may constitute up to 50 % of the daily activity budget of zoo Elephants. Modern zoos try to reduce stereotypic behaviors by means of environmental enrichment.

Ämnet som jag har undersökt är synen på den avvikande individen i film. I min analys har jag använt mig av David Lynchs The Elephant man (1980) samt Werner Herzogs Kaspar Hauser (1974). Min analys är gjord utefter den hermeneutiska metoden och är således utarbetad efter mina egna tolkningar och reflektioner kring filmerna. Teorierna jag har använt mig av är postkolonialism och makt.I min slutsats har det framgått att det kan vara en mångfald anledningar till hur och varför människor väljer att behandla de avvikande individerna på sättet de gör. Dock så framgår det att de som behandlar de avvikande väl oftast motiverar sina handlingar genom att de finner sympatier för de utsatta.

Training of zoo animals started when the first zoo opened in 1752. The difference between then and now is that from the beginning the zookeepers did not focus so much on animal welfare. Nowadays animal welfare is the most important thing in the training. Therefore, the zookeepers are training the animals mainly for veterinary purposes and activation. The training makes the animals less stresses during handling. When the zookeepers started to train Elephants they used unpleasant stimuli such as a whip when the Elephant did something wrong.

The quest to determine if non-human animals have emotional lives similar to man goes a long way back and is yet to result in a clear answer. The aim of this particular literature study is to determine whether or not the African Elephant may host feelings of empathy and display altruistic behaviour. In search for an answer to this question, scientists have chosen to first evaluate the cognitive abilities of said species. They have done this through the testing of tool use, mirror self-recognition, memory and the ability to coordinate with another when performing a task etc. It is generally thought, that in order for complex emotion to exist within an individual, cognition, as an awareness of the self and others, must first be present.

The purpose of this report is to find out which crops, that are good for strawfuel, and can be grown i the area around the city of Lund. The background of this report it that Lunds energy is planning to bild a biofuelheated thermal power station in Örtofta outside of Lund. I have in the report limited me to the crops hemp, whole crop (triticale), reed canary grass, Elephant grass and jerusalem artichoke. I have through a documentary research checked the crops, cultivabillity in the south of Sweden, and how they should fit, in the Scanian crop sequence. Hemp is an annual crop which probably could manage in the Scanian crop sequence. Whole crop often triticale because of it´s high yield and low rate of shed seed. Could also fit into the crop sequence of crop in Scanian. Triticale is annual, and could be grown at the same kind of fields as used to wheat, whith is why it would be possible to grow it in Scania. Reed canary grass is a reedlike grass that is easy grown at most soils.

Många individer är inte accepterade i samhället på grund av att de avviker. Detta är ett stort problem då de riskerar utanförskap och sämre livskvalitet. Vad jag därmed kommer att studera i denna uppsats är hur avvikande individer bemöts i samhället och hur de svarar på detta bemötande. De filmer som jag kommer att utgå ifrån i analysen är The Elephant Man (1980) av David Lynch och Mask (1985) av Peter Bogdanovich. Jag kommer sedan att använda mig av socialpsykologin som teori för att kunna analysera hur och varför detta sker.

In the Maasai Mara National Reserve the native people, the Maasai, have lived for a long time following their own traditions. Their traditional lifestyle is that of a nomadic people, leading their cattle to the best grazing. Sharing their land with a large variation of different animals, one of them being the African Elephant (Loxodonta africana), the Maasi people have since long adapted to a life side by side with these giants, as well as the fierce predators living in the area.The aim of this study is to determine whether the Maasai settlement, known as Boma, has any impact on the Elephants in the surrounding area. In order to conclude whether the bomas has an impact or not, observations of the wildlife were carried out. Observations were conducted in two different seasons, in December 2003 and May/June in 2004.

Elephants are hindgut fermenters, which affects their diurnal rhythm. To reach their nutrient demands, Elephants must eat almost constantly throughout the light part of the day. Sexual dimorphism may also affect their behavioral patterns. To understand the Elephants' normal living habits and foraging behaviour, we conducted a pre-study in the Mara Triangle, the north-western part of the Maasai Mara National Reserve. Each of four to six observers randomly chose a focal animal within the group of Elephants by the criteria that they were adults and visible.

Elefanter är och har varit mycket hotade genom tiderna men har börjat öka i antal på grund av kontroll av tjuvskytte, förbud av elfenbensförsäljning, samt en förändring av såväl mänsklig utbredning samt regn mönster, och flera nationalparker upplever nu ökade skador på grund av rikliga elefantpopulationer, det så kallade elefantproblemet. Det finns sen 30 år tillbaka rapporter från östra och södra Afrika om minskning av Acacier och andra kapellträd på grund av elefantbetning. Några av dessa skador kan till och med leda till lokal utrotning av vissa arter. På grund av detta finns det en konflikt inom bevarandeprogram mellan att bevara livskraftiga elefantpopulationer och bevara den biologiska mångfalden i växtriket. Syftet med denna studie var att se om det fanns något problem med elefanter i Masai Mara Nationalreservat, Kenya, genom att göra en beteendestudie om deras matvanor och jämföra skador på de två träden Acacia gerrardii och Balanites aegyptiaca.

Upon marketing the system in Europe and the USA cost savings generated from reduced work force have been prevailing. Since the cost of labour is much lower in the Asia Pacific region other factors have to be stressed. The parameters of flexibility and quality assurance may however cover any initial investment in a production system. Our purpose is to value flexibility and quality in a manufacturing context, applied to DAS, in order to use it in investment calculations. In order to make an adequate estimation of different companies, due to problems associated with acquiring correct figures, the Key Success Factors needs to be examined so that the gathering of numbers can be conducted with more focus.

Denna uppsats diskuterar, utifrån relevant teori inom narratologin, det filmiska förstapersonsberättandet och dess konstruktion. Med utgångspukt i en synkron studie av ett antal förstapersonsfilmer (Where the Truth Lies, Millennium Mambo, The New World, The Thin Red Line, The Brown Bunny, Eyes Wide Shut och L'Intrus) diskuteras vilka implikationer dessa filmer har för filmteori rörande just det subjektiva berättandet och om det i någon egentlig bemärkelse finns en filmisk motsvarighet till det litterära "jaget"..

The veterinary handling of wildlife, both in zoos and in the wild, commonly requires that the patients need to be captured and immobilized for examination or treatment. This emphasises the need for quick, on-site, laboratory equipment, in order to minimize the analysis time and thus the stress for the animal and also in order to increase the possibility of starting relevant treatment early on. The aim of this pilot study was to determine whether Serum Amyloid A (SAA) could be a measured in blood samples from bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus) and South American tapirs (Tapirus terrestris). SAA rises to its maximum about 24 hours after the introduction of an inflammatory agent in companion animals. This also correlates with the estimated time it takes for animals at Kolmården Wildlife Park to be examined and having blood samples collected after being observed as sick. The study also evaluated whether the Eurolyser SOLO, using a turbidometric immunoassay (TIA) developed for human diagnostics, could be used for such analysis. This pilot study was a retrospective analysis of SAA in convenience sampled frozen serum, collected from dolphins, Elephants and tapirs.

African Elephants (Loxodonta Africana) are kept all over the world in different kinds of enclosures. The enclosures are however often unsuitable for the Elephants. Research has shown that Elephants are nocturnal animals. Therefore it is important to keep Elephants occupied, for instance by using enrichments, also at the night. Five Elephants were studied at Borås djurpark, four Elephants in one room and one Elephant, named Nyoka, in one room.

Hydropericardium or pericardial effusion (PE) is the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac and is often secondary to pericardial diseases or diseases related to the heart. It is unusual with clinically relevant pericardial diseases in cats but pericardial effusion is the most common one. Since PE causes serious symptoms and may lead to death it is important with a quick diagnosis and treatment. PE can be acute and cause cardiac tamponade, which gives severe clinical signs. Cardiac tamponade needs to be treated immediately or else the cat will die from cardiogenic chock. More common is chronic PE where the fluid accumulates during a longer period of time and the pericardial sac stretches.