Objective: The objective was to examine the incidence of constipation, and the preventive measures taken in relation with postoperative pain treatment with opioids at two orthopaedic surgery wards.Methods: The participants were patients that had undergone surgery in the back, hip or thigh. They were selected through systematic selection and a total of 46 electronic health records were examined. The factors investigated and tested for correlation with constipation were the usage of laxatives, daily fluid-intake and early mobilisation.Results: Totally, 26.1 % of the patients became constipated, and laxatives were prescribed to 65.2 % of the patients. Doctors prescribed 53.3 % of the laxatives, nurses 33.3 % and for the remaining 13.3 % it was uncertain who had written the prescription. Usage of laxatives seemed to cause constipation (p=0,025), whereas there was no correlation between constipation and early mobilization.

Arbetet är ett examensarbete i högskoleingenjörsutbildningen, inriktning datateknik, på Linnéuniversitet. Arcoma AB är ett företag i Växjö som utvecklar och tillverkar kompletta röntgensystem. Företaget har som mål att förbättra användarvänligheten av systemet med hjälp av en LED-display. De kan förbättra systemet genom att byta ut en enhet som styr röntgengeneratorn mot LED-displayen. Detta leder till att användaren får bättre kontroll och styrning av systemet, samtidigt som patienten behandlas.I rapporten beskrivs implementering av både hårdvara och mjukvara till displayen, samt den tekniska bakgrunden som till exempel HDMI och LED-tekniken.

The essay concerns corporation?s usage and consumer?s attitude towards the phenomenon Big Data. The aim is to analyse whether corporation-management and future ambitions concerning consumer data coincide with attitudes and opinions of today's consumer, and how these opinions reflect consumer behaviour online. The essay is limited to focus on how companies use consumer data in order to better understand and improve the efficiency of their marketing. A self-composed analyse-model was created using previous studies concerning Internet-usage in Sweden, previous management analysis of corporations use of Big Data combined with theory of Cognitive Dissonance. A questionnaire was then created with the analyse model as foundation.

Marketers of today are confronted by the fact that it is increasingly difficult to gain the customer's attention, as they first have to break through the ad clutter. In a landscape where the general attitude towards advertising is negative, one way to successfully deliver the message to the customer involves communicating through personal impact. By using stimuli containing identical information with different senders, this thesis seeks to quantitatively explore whether brands can make use of the personal networks of its employees, in their social media marketing strategy. The purpose of the study is to investigate if communication via the employees could enhance traditional communication effects, such as buying intention and electronic WOM intention. Furthermore, the study aims to examine which role the employee should hold when communicating on behalf of the brand, and if the communication effects vary with the degree of product involvement.

These studies are done in behalf of Saab AB AVITRONICS in Järfälla in the form of a thesis atthe Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.The task was to examine the parameters that plays a role in the construction of modern radomesoperating in broadband applications.This was interesting for Saab to get an indication of which way they should go at the newdevelopment of radomes for the next generation of equipment for electronic warfare.After a thorough analysis of the influencing parameters, a optimization application was made toget a automated way to get a radome design by specifying data on the radome size, airloads,materials, etc.This is to minimise the time of the laborious work that radome development.inply.This was solved by letting ANSYS calculate the strength of the radome structure and MATLABcalculate electromagnetic data and cost models of different sizes and materials.All these parameters woven together with the optimization tool modeFrontier picks data from therespective program and perform an optimization algorithm and then iterate a step and sends thisdata to calculation programs for the new input data. In the end, we have received a convergedpoint with our optimal solution.For the presumptions and limitations for which applied for this thesis, the result was prettyintuitive. That is to say that the smaller radome - the less materal is needed and lowermanufacturing costs results in the cheapest solution possible. The reality is not so simple. Whereyou have to take more of the electrical details such as the effect on the transmitter as a majorfactor..

The purpose of this study was to investigate patients self-rated ADL-function after a periprosthetic fracture, to view the demographics of the patient group and investigate any gender differences in ADL-function. Whether patients managed to return to previous housing after the fracture and reasons for this was also studied.This is a register-based retrospective and prospective cohort study with a quantitative approach. Demographic and anamnestic patient data was collected from the electronic health records. The participants were called for an interview where Katz ADL-index and EQ5D was used to describe the participants´ ADL functioning together with physical and mental functioning.The result shows that the majority of the participants rated themselves as independent in their ADL-function. No gender differences were noted in ADL-functioning.

Det huvudsakliga syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur eWOM (Electronic Word-of- mouth), det elektroniska sättet att sprida information samt erfarenheter av ett resmål via internet, påverkar oss som individer vid val av ett resmål.Genom användandet av kvalitativa intervjuer, enkätundersökning samt litteraturstudier inom ämnet har författarna för denna uppsats undersökt användandet av eWOM utifrån tre punkter:Hur stor påverkan eWOM har på en individ vid val av resmål,När använder sig individen av eWOM samtVilken slags information inhämtar individen med hjälp av eWOM. Efter utförandet av intervjuerna, så väl som enkätundersökningen, kom författarna till denna uppsats fram till slutsatsen att hur personer använder sig av samt sprider eWOM beror helt och hållet på vem man är som person, dock finns eWOM med genom hela beslutsprocessen vid val av ett resmål på ett eller annat sätt. Den information som respondenterna av de kvalitativa intervjuer samt enkätundersökning tog mest till sig samt det som de ansåg var viktigt, var kommentarer om tidigare erfarenheter samt åsikter kring de resmål respondenterna söker information om..

This report summarizes the development of a calculation program estimating the profitability of converting a peak-load oil-fired boiler to pellets. To convert an oil-fired boiler to pellets a new fuel handling system must be designed. Changes also have to be made to some other components. Since there are many different techniques for transportation, storage and treatment of the fuel only the most interesting techniques from Swecos experience and interest were included in the study.The capacity of the different parts in the system was dimensioned based on the power of the boiler after conversion. To estimate prices, installed power and dimensions manufacturers and distributers were contacted.

Lundbergs Plåt AB is a small company situated in Jönköping. Their main task is to process different kinds of steel such as stainless steel. Lately, they have shown an interest in Lean production.On the basis of the situation mentioned above, we developed the purpose to find and decrease the non value-added wastes in the production at Lundbergs Plåt AB. Out of this, we also developed and answered two questions: Which wastes can be found with help from a value stream mapping (VSM)? In what way can these wastes be reduced and how can these reductions contribute to an improved production? VSM is the method used to find the non value-added wastes.

Studien uppmärksammar det svenska företaget Jula, som vid en tidpunkt då tillväxt råder på den elektroniska marknaden, väljer att lägga ner den elektroniska försäljningskanalen, för att istället satsa på den fysiska försäljningskanalen. Forskare har de senaste decennierna fokuserat på att företag bör vara verksamma genom kombinerade försäljningskanaler, fysisk försäljning och elektronisk handel, för att nå framgång. Därmed har de inte haft fokus på att företag slutar driva kombinerade försäljningskanaler, vilket företaget Jula kan illustrera. Genom att studera företaget Jula, med hjälp av en intervju och sekundärdata, påvisas att forskare hittills inte beaktat väsentliga faktorer i praktiken, och att det idag finns företag som kan vara framgångsrika och konkurrenskraftiga utan kombinerade försäljningskanaler. Även faktorer som ligger till grund för valet av att inte bedriva elektronisk handel påvisas.

Föreliggande systematiska litteraturstudies syfte är att undersöka sjuksköterskans evidensbaserade hygienåtgärder som kan förebygga vårdrelaterade infektioner. Artiklarna söktes inom Högskolan Dalarnas bibliotek via databasen Electronic Library Information Navigator (ELIN). Använda sökord var Infect* and Prevent* and Nurs* and Hygien*. De artiklar vars titel och abstrakt motsvarade studiens syfte genomgick kvalitetsgranskning utifrån 28 stycken på förhand fastställda kriterier, sedan evidensgraderades artiklarna på basen av kvalitetsbedömningen med hjälp av en modifierad graderingsskala. Sammanlagt 15 artiklar uppnådde 60 % av kriterierna i granskningsmallen och användes i resultatet.

This paper investigates the level of consciousness regarding to the diversity work in the municipalities of Malmö, Lund and Landskrona. The study focuses on persons in a middle management position connected to various spheres of activities in each municipality. A survey concerning each municipality's diversity plan, diversity work, recruiting process, education and knowledge was used to investigate the participants' consciousness. The survey poses similar questions regarding equality between the sexes to compare the results from each field. The paper presents an overview of the development of Sweden's labour market and society, and gives an account for the differences between immigrants and natives positions in the labour market.

The aim of this Bachelor´s thesis is to describe the phenomenon ofmarketing. Four public libraries in the County of Kalmar have beenstudied in the aim to obtain information on their current marketingin the autumn of 2004, as well as their view of marketing and itssignification in connection to a vision that the Regional Library inKalmar has established. The vision is that the County of Kalmar isgoing to be the best Region of Libraries in Sweden in the year of2010. Target markets for the vision is the general public, studentsand entrepreneurs. The study has done a landing at an early stage ofthe vision, the starting point of which was in the year of 2001.

Objective: The papers objective is to create a deeper understanding for whether or not cultural and psychic distance affects corporate establishments in the EU.Method: The results have been gathered through intense data collection through interviews with ScaniaAB and Business Sweden. There has also been extensive research of 36 different companies and their first establishments in different countries. We have then analyzed the results through cultural and psychic distance and through Uppsala University's internationalization process model.Conclusion: The conclusions of this paper are:Corporate establishment often occurs in neighboring countries because of the similarity to the domestic markets which contribute with a greater security.Since the introduction of the EU single market, corporate establishments have become easier within the single market.The cultural and psychic distance does exist within the EU, however the internal market decreases these distances and the impact on corporate establishments.The market commitment is essential to the corporates survival within the new market.Cultural and psychic distance affects small firms more often since their lack of network and experience.Cultural and psychic distances are two different but related phenomena..

The shooting sport is one of the most widespread sports in the world and it isbeing practice in most countries. Based on their own experiences, in competition -and hobby shooting, the client M4Solutions found a demand and need for ashooting target that is manufactured in Sweden.The purpose of the project has been to develop, with the help of Marcus Walldén,two shooting targets from idea to finished product. These two shooting targets,Plate Rack Target and Dueling Tree, would each be equipped with a mechanicalresetting system but will in the future have the ability to be provided with anelectronic resetting system.The project from the client was divided into two theses. One of these two, writtenby Marcus Walldén, focused on the tripod parts and the overall design work forboth Plate Rack Target and Dueling Tree. The thesis that is presented in thisreport have focused on resetting systems, the design of protective plates and otherperipherals for both shooting targets.This work has primarily been in CAD environment where design, constructionand development has been given free rein.