Vattenfall AB is a large producer of electric energy where approximately half of the energy comes from hydropower. Vattenfall Hydropower has got almost a 100-year old history and the company has developed a lot since 1909. After that the number of power plants increased and the competition got more intense, there were higher demands on the reliability. One way to secure the reliability with a good satisfaction at the power plants is to implement a maintenance method named Reliability-Centred Maintenance. RCM is a result of the introduction of the complex aeroplane Boeing 747 in the 1960?s.

Metso Paper offers a front-running range of solutions and services for the pulp and paper industry. At the baling unit, design solutions are developed for manufacturing and handling of pulp bales. The machines are continuously developed to satisfy customer needs. One big step in the development of the baling line was to remove hydraulics from the machines and replace it with electrical motors and pneumatics. This was not done on the folding machine which is still driven by mainly hydraulics.

Stump biomass is energy rich and stump harvesting for use as fuel become more and more interesting in Sweden. Swedish Forest Agency (2009) has estimated that stump harvesting in Sweden would respond to an annual energy supply of 57 TWh/year. However, stump has not been recognized as a bioenergy resource in Sweden. Suitable methods for pre-treatment of stump are probably of great importance to make it accepted as fuel. It is therefore rewarding to carry out an investigation in this area for stump. This report represents results from a diploma project, which was aimed to develop a fixed bed reactor for experimental study of biomass torrefaction, followed by TG analysis and kinetic modelling employing Ozawa method and different kinetic models including one-step and three-pseudo-component models.

Föreliggande uppsats har som syfte att ta reda på vilken syn elgitarrlärare på estetiska gymnasieprogram har kring förmedling av sound och utrustning och vilka metoder de tillämpar för att lyfta fram dessa moment i sin undervisning. Sound kan definieras på många sätt, men i detta arbete har det en innebörd av vilka klanger som olika instrument, förstärkare och diverse hjälpmedel kan producera. Målet är att ge nuvarande och blivande instrumentpedagoger en inblick i hur elgitarrlärare arbetar med dessa moment i undervisningen idag. Förhoppningen är även att studien ska kunna ge inspiration till att utveckla metoder och finna redskap som hjälper elever att skapa ett eget sound. Datamaterialet består av intervjuer med fem elgitarrlärare samt observationer av tre av dessa lärares gitarrlektioner.

The company Olofsfors AB manufactures drive belts for forest machinery, known as ECO-Tracks, and abrasion-resistant steel and cutting edges for graders, excavators and tractors, known as Bruxite and SharqEdges. Manufacturing these products requires the steel to be heated and molded, then submerged in water and hardened. The water used in the hardening of steel is pumped to the process from pits below the floor and then pumped back to the pit after it?s been used. Since the temperature of this water rises after being used to harden the steel the temperature of the pumping pit needs to be adjusted to maintain its setpoint of 21°C.

Outages in the electric grid can be costly for society. Because of this, reliability is one of the parameters used to regulate network companies. Reliability in electrical grids can be measured with SAIDI, system average interruption duration index, which for Fortum Distribution has increased in Stockholm?s distribution network (11 kV) in the early 2000?s.By using outage data for Stockholm from 2011-2013, sets of parameters to be used for reliability calculations in the network information program Tekla NIS were derived. Two different options for investment were then analysed: changing old cables with high fault frequencies, and installing automatic switching in distribution substations.

This report summarize what have been done during the Master of Science Thesis that Klas Schjelderup has written for the company RANOTOR Utvecklings AB. The company is developing modern steam engines and this work should develop a machine to perform tests on a new type of piston seal that hopefully could be used in the future. The steam engines will be both volumetric and energy compact, around 1600hp/literof cylinder volume, and it will have a lot of practical applications.The new type of piston seal is hydrostatic lubricated which means that a fluid is separating two faces that normally is in contact. In this case pressurized water is used to separate the piston seal from the cylinder wall. RANOTOR have earlier formulated that at least the expander in the modern steam engine have to be oil-free, due to other components functionality in the closed water system.

Detta examensarbete är utfört vid Luleå Tekniska Universitet på uppdrag åt Hägglunds Drives AB i Mellansel. Hägglunds Drives tillverkar kompletta hydrauliska drivsystem, som inkluderar hydraulmotorer. I en hydraulmotor uppstår det slitage när metalliska ytor kommer i kontakt med varandra när till exempel ett lager får otillräcklig smörjning. Slitaget ger upphov till metalliska partiklar som cirkulerar i hydrauloljan och samlas upp i ett filter. Genom att samla upp och studera slitagepartiklarna kan man uttala sig om hydraulmotorns kondition.

The singing-voice ? Differences and similarities between male and female singing-voices in a pedagogical perspectiveThe primary purpose of the present study is to create a basis for a deeper understanding of the male singing-voice. Within the above purpose the present study also aims at comparing differences and similarities between the male and the female singing-voice, and examining possible pedagogical differences in teaching male and female singing students.The study is partly a literature study where existing studies in the field of the singing-voice are examined, in which the male singing-voice is described in relation to the female one. The study also comprises an interview study where four professional singing-teachers, two male and two female, are being interviewed according to an interview guide (see appendix A) focusing on pedagogical aspects of the male and the female singing-voice.The results of the study show that the anatomical functions of the singing-voice are the same whether you are male or female. This also holds true for the basic singing-technique which is the same for both sexes.

The escalating usage of pyrethroids has resulted in an increased awareness about resistance towards pyrethroids in insects. Pyrethroids inhibit voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSC) in nerve cell membranes and are composed of synthetic molecules based on pyrethrins present in pyrethrum extracts from Chrysanthemum species. VSSC are transmembrane proteins that are important for electric signalling over the membrane in insects. Mutations in the gene encoding the sodium channel have proved to be a common reason for resistance against pyrethroids. Pyrethroid resistance among pollen beetles is spread all over Sweden and also abroad and is increasing.

I samband med att mellanspänningsnätet kablifieras ökar också kraven vad gäller fellokalisering. För att hålla avbrottstiderna i nätet korta är effektiv felsökning erforderlig. Detta arbete syftar till att kartlägga och redogöra för begränsande faktorer som finns vid fellokalisering med fokus på pulsekometoden. Uppdraget utförs tillsammans med Vattenfall Eldistribution AB.Det har uppdagats problem gällande fellokalisering på mellanspänningskablar med pulsekometoden. Ett flertal faktorer bidrar till denna problematik.

This rapport contains an examination of the energy consumption of a kindergarten, which areas that have the largest impact on the energy consumption and what can be done to reduce those areas in ways that are relatively easy and profitable. It is also analyzed if it is possible to reduce the energy consumption from today?s consumption to a consumption that fulfils the demands placed on low energy houses by FEBY.The focus has been on reducing the energy consumption of the areas ventilation, heating system and hot water system, since those seemed to be the easiest ones to affect and since the building is quite recently built.There are different kinds of ventilation systems, at the moment the building have a CAV-system, which means that the ventilation is too high during large parts of the day. There are different ways to manage the ventilation system, for example presence detection, humidity sensors, CO2 sensors, temperature sensors and season adjustment. Many of those are in the end dependent on CO2 sensors to guarantee a good indoor climate, therefore the focus have been placed on this system.

Kvalitet hos översättningar är beroende av korrekt användning av specialiserade termer, som kan göra översättningen lättare att förstå och samtidigt minska tidsåtgång och kostnader för översättningen (Lommel, 2007). Att terminologi används konsekvent är viktigt, och något som bör granskas vid en kvalitetskontroll av exempelvis översatt dokumentation (Esselink, 2000). Det finns idag funktioner för automatisk kontroll av terminologi i flera kommersiella program. Denna studie syftar till att utvärdera sådana funktioner, då ingen tidigare större studie av detta har påträffats.För att få en inblick i hur kvalitetskontroll sker i praktiken genomfördes först två kvalitativa intervjuer med personer involverade i detta på en översättningsbyrå. Resultaten jämfördes med aktuella teorier inom området och visade på stor överensstämmelse med vad exempelvis Bass (2006) förespråkar.Utvärderingarna inleddes med en granskning av täckningsgrad hos en verklig termdatabas jämfört med subjektivt markerade termer i en testkorpus baserad på ett autentiskt översättningsminne.

In June 2006 the Swedish government decided that the use of energy in buildings should be reduced by 20 percent until 2020, compared to the level of energy used in 1995. To contribute to this goal, the real estate company ?Eskilstuna Kommunfastigheter AB?, set up own goals for their buildings. In 2009, the goal for schools was to have a maximum energy use of 118 kWh/m2year for heating and hot water.The school ?Hållsta skola?, just south of Eskilstuna, exceeds the limit since it used 270 kWh in 2008.

As I recently started to record in a studio, I almost immediately came to the conclusion that getting the right sound is not easy. I became curious about my recording procedure. What did I do wrong? How to place the microphone? Use of equipment? How is it possible to modify the sound afterwards? Are there any special methods that are commonly used among producers and/or guitarists? My thoughts ended up in a question ? What do producers and guitarists think of the guitar sound during a recording session in relation to the final production? In my research I interviewed two producers and two guitarists about guitar recordings. The results show that the quality of the guitar sound is in relation to production and style of music.