The failure of Structural Adjustment Programs and its neoliberal policies to effectively reduce poverty have led to the creation of Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) by The World Bank and International Monetary Fund. PRSP, connected to both the Comprehensive Development Strategy and the HIPC initiative, are built on the notion of national ownership and stakeholder participation and thereby expand potential conditionality to include matters of governance. This thesis examines the evolution of PRSP and how the process of participation affects national governance structures. By analyzing the role of rules and norms within the World Bank and IMF from a historical point of view the thesis explains why the participation process has developed the way it has. It concludes that neoliberal norms, still at heart within the World Bank and IMF, have an impact on the process of participation within nation states and thereby its governance structure.

In today?s competitive market, design is an important element for the companies. They must succeed with delivering an increased value and an experience for the consumer to be able to survive. The Swedish company?s have become better in the design area, the higher standards the consumer?s demands forces the company to invest more in design.

Composers? and choreographers? world of ideas. Aspects of the art process. This inquiry is about the artistic process when composing contemporary music and choreographing modern dance. I have studied three composers? and three choreographers? thoughts about the artistic process and the work that leads to a piece of music or a dance.

In Uppsala CHP Plant, there are six pressure reducing valves to reduce the pressure from 15 to 3 bars, before six absorption heat pumps. During the process the energy is conserved but losses occur in form of exergy. The aim of this thesis is to reduce the losses of exergy. This can be done by letting turbines replace the pressure reducing valves.In this thesis an investigation has been done of the conditions today, the conditions after the change from pressure reducing valves to turbines and a comparison of three different types of turbine solutions. The three examined solutions are one turbine, several helical screw expanders and several small turbines in parallel with asynchronous generators.The six absorption heat pumps have been divided into two groups; one group of four and one group of two absorption heat pumps.

Simuleringsbaserad optimering är en bra metod för att optimera komplexa problem. Dock har simuleringsbaserad optimering en stor nackdel med att optimeringen kan ta orimligt lång tid. Därför är det intressant att studera olika effektiviseringstekniker för att snabba upp denna typ av optimering. I arbetet presenteras resultat från användning av en effektiviseringsteknik som använder en grov simulering som går fortare än en befintlig simulering. Effektiviseringstekniken har testats på en riktig fallstudie hos Posten AB.

Title:Product abandonment ? A comparative study of five ABB-units Level:Master thesis in Business administration, spring 2011.Purpose:The purpose of this paper is to through a comparative analysis examine how different companies, within the same group, works with product abandonment and what factors influence the process.Problem:How important is situational and product specific factors in a product abandonment process in which the organizational factors are constant?Method:This study is based on primary as well as secondary data where interviews represent the primary data. Interviews, following the same interview guide, were made with five companies within the same group.Result:The results from the empirical studies presented in the text below recurring themes derived from the framework.Conclusions:Our conclusions are that the importance of product specific factors is of significant matters in a product abandonment process, even when organizational factors are constant. We base that on that although the companies are within the same group, under the same strategic direction and constructed according to the same organizational structure the product abandonment process is different for the respective companies.Keywords:Product abandonment, product deletion, product elimination, weak products, ABB .

This is a technical report about cement stabilization in general and the stabilizationprocess during the construction of a warehouse in Halmstad, Sweden in particular and iswritten at the section for economy and technology at Halmstad University incollaboration with NCC Anläggning.NCC encountered variations in compression strength in the stabilized material on the firstwarehouse that they constructed for the company Biltema. In our report we used thestabilization process of the second warehouse for the same company as a reference todetermine what could be done to get a more homogeneous result for future projects.We also looked in to what testing method is the most suitable to determine the result ofthe stabilization.After interviews with people involved in the process and visits on the work site we havecome to the conclusion that the most probable cause to the variations in compressionstrength is segregation in the ballast material. This segregation can occur in severaldifferent occasions in the process such as during the production, transportation andhandling on the work site.Other causes for the variation can be improper compaction, overlapping stabilization insome places and different duration of hardening of the samples that are tested.The best way to do in situ test of the stabilized material is to do seismic investigations asthose are non-destructive tests in comparison to taking core samples and you can discoverany cracks or air bubbles in the material..

Our paper is based on matrixes and the feedback process as tools in the daily work in the higher education system. The main purpose with this paper is to investigate if these tools can enhance the effect of formative assessment and increase students? empowerment in the courses. In do-ing so, we investigate if students experience that their efforts result in increased progression in their courses and if they acquire adequate proficiency in the subject matters native to their pro-grams, along with an increased desire for lifelong learning. Compulsory collection of data for profit is conducted through interviews of students in year one of the IT media program and the IT program.

AbstractVäxjö University, School of Social SciencesBachelor thesisTitle: Varför en rädsla för alternativmedicin? En studie om hur EU?s kosttillskottsdirektiv har implementerats i Sverige.Author: Annica BlomstrandSupervisor: Anne Haglund-MorrisseyThe aim of this study is to investigate the process of legislation and implementation of the directive of the European Union on the food supplements, focused on member state of Sweden.There are two questions in this study: What was the process of legislation in the period when the Directive on the food supplements became established? and How does the implementation of EU?s decision on the food supplements works in reality? In order to answer these questions, two different methods were used. One was qualitative analysis of the available text and the other one case-study (qualitative including interviews)The conclusion is that the implementation has not been successful. The process of legislation has followed its traditional way, which in its turn did not leave so much space to the thorough implementation of the Directive. Unfortunately, this is a process that overlooks citizens and countries with different premises, affected by the decision.Keywords: EU, kostillskottdirektivet, lagstiftningsprocessen, implementering, organisationsteori, fallstudie.

In recent years the construction industry has been exposed to increased time pressure which has resulted in a higher amount of wastage. Today 35 % of all construction projects in Sweden is "wasted". Time pressure has risen due to increased competition on the market, with more actors entering the construction business, therefore profit margins decreased which has led to a more pressing need for decreasing the amount of wastage.Bravida is Scandinavia's largest supplier of installations and provides specialist services in electrical installations (heating and sanitation), and ventilation. Mahdi Bawaqneh's task was to investigate where, how and why wastage occurs in the company's projects and how to prevent such wastage. The thesis covers the subjects of lean production, communication in projects and planning of projects.

ProblemHar ekonomerna så stor påverka på hur ett bra resultat definieras inom landstinget att det medicinska resultatet får stå tillbaka? Är balanserade styrkort verkligen omtyckt av läkare som Aidemark kom fram till i sin studie 1998, och leder det till någon förbättring eller effektivisering inom sjukvården?SyfteSyftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka hur ekonomer och läkare inom Landstinget uppfattar resultat, samt att undersöka synen på användandet av balanserade styrkort för styrning inom sjukvården.MetodVår uppsats bygger på en kvalitativ metod, och vår primärdata består av intervjuer med fem personer som jobbar på staben och Centralsjukhuset i Karlstad inom Landstinget i Värmland. Intervjuerna har skett på respektive respondent arbetsplats och varit av öppen individuell karaktär, samtliga intervjuer har bandats.SlutsatsNär det gäller resultat, är respondenterna ganska överens om att det finns skillnader mellan de olika yrkesgruppernas syn på resultat. Den stora skillnaden här är att läkarna på Centralsjukhuset anser att Landstinget i Värmland värderar ett ekonomiskt resultat betydligt högre än ett medicinskt resultat, medan de som jobbar på staben inte anser att det är någon större skillnad i hur de olika resultaten värderas.Styrning med balanserade styrkort var något som läkarna på Centralsjukhuset gärna hade varit utan, de menade att det varken lett till någon besparing eller effektivisering. Kritiken mot styrkorten var stundtals hård från läkarna, och en menade till och med att, styrkorten blivit en religion och en total sanning för vissa inom landstinget.

Ferruform AB är ett fristående helägt dotterbolag till Scania och är beläget i Luleå. Ferruform tillverkar chassikomponenter till Scanias lastbilar, exempelvis bakaxelbryggor, sidobalkar och tvärbalkar. Företaget har bedrivit produktion sedan 1968, under 2007 hade man cirka 630 anställda och en omsättning på 1,2 miljarder kronor. Anläggningen etablerades 1967 och är för närvarande Luleås största verkstadsindustri. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att skapa ett underlag åt Ferruform för att fatta beslut om fortsatt utredning eller projektering gällande hur man ska rationalisera, effektivisera och höja kvaliteten i de två sista arbetsstationerna av rullformningslinjen.

The Motor Group of the European Council was commissioned in the autumn of 1997 to prepare a proposal for a new European Bus and Coach Directive. In the beginning, most of the Member States did not have the accessibility requirements as their main concern; still a smaller network with actors from the National delegations from Britain, Germany and Sweden would influence the other National delegations in the Council group to finally agree to retain the requirement of accessibility of the Directive. Within the EU decision process, the European Disability movement acted as a strong player during the whole negotiation process using the proposal to a new Bus and Coach Directive as a tool to influence key actors to go towards a Directive with a strong approach for accessibility.Policy Transfer and Policy Transfer Network are used as analytical tools to understand and structure the transfer of the question of accessibility during the negotiation process. Actors understanding how the bureaucratic process works within the EU decision system have a chance to contributing for the changes in the directions they wishes for within a range of policy areas. The principal aim of the Directive was to guarantee the safety of passengers and to provide technical prescription in particular to wheelchair users.

The development of farm-operated biogas plants in Sweden is increasing. This study investigates the process that firms go through in developing such ventures. The aim is to identify obstacles and opportunities that individual farmers have encountered during the implementation process, and through a comparative analysis find similarities and differences between cases. The overall goal is to increase understanding of the factors that influence farmers? development of farm-based biogas production, and more specifically, explore opportunities for support organizations to contribute to the innovation process. Findings indicate that the implementation process has changed over time.

Syftet med examensarbetet är att undersöka potentiella problem som finns inom orderhanteringsprocessen vid tillverkning av kundanpassade produkter och hur processen kan effektiviseras. För att uppnå syftet ska följande frågeställningar besvaras:1. Vilka potentiella problem kan identifieras inom orderhanteringsprocessen vid tillverkning av kundanpassade produkter?2. Hur kan orderhanteringsprocessen vid tillverkning av kundanpassade produkter effektiviseras?De metoder som använts för att besvara de två frågeställningarna och uppfylla examensarbetets syfte omfattas av en litteraturstudie samt en fallstudie där intervjuer, observationer samt data- och dokumentstudier genomförts.