The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the price Effect on the initial day of trading of IPOs and the price Effect on the announcement day of SEOs on Stockholm Stock Exchange. A second purpose it to conduct studies on which factors influencing the price Effects and if these factors can be explained by the same fundamental ideas. Theories regarding capital structure and the pricing of IPOs and SEOs are covered. The capital structure theories involve; Miller and Modigliani's cost of captial theory, Static Tradeoff Model and the Pecking Order. The Efficient Market Hypothesis is presented and previous theories are investigated.

This paper investigates the determinants of corporate cash holdings for a broad sample of Swedish non-financial firms in the 1999 - 2009 period. Using a fixed Effect regression model, we find that firms with riskier cash flow hold relatively high ratios of cash to total assets. This is in line with both the precautionary motive and agency motive for cash holdings. Net working capital is found to be negatively related to corporate cash holdings. A result commonly interpreted as support for a negative substitution Effect between net working capital and cash.

We investigate if the size of goodwill compared to total assets has any Effect on the shareholders return on companies listed on the Swedish Stock market. We put up two different hypotheses with a foundation from previous research and later dismiss one of them. Our evidence does not show any indicators that the size of goodwill have an Effect on the shareholders return, which brings us to believe that there, from a share holders point of view, isn?t any need for concern regarding the standards about accounting for goodwill as stated by IFRS. .

The gambling industry goes from a national matter towards an international market. Since more and more members of EU does liberalise the gambling reforms and introduces a license system more participants will get an EU license for online gambling. With an EU license it is difficult for members of the EU to refuse a company to offer a gambling supply on the Internet if they don?t have an open license system. This paper tries to acknowledge the problem regarding the monopoly Sweden has today and calculate the Effect if Sweden would move to a license system regarding online gambling by doing a cost benefit analysis.

This study examines what Effect swimming has on the rehabilitation, compared with only resting after a cranial cruciate ligament surgery. It consists of a literature study, an inquiry study and a visit to a rehabilitation centre. The inquiry study shows that ten weeks after a cranial cruciate ligament repair, the lameness has disappeared in a greater number of dogs among those that undergo swimming as physiotherapy compared with those that do not swim. Literature shows that swimming has a positive Effect on the result after surgery. The thigh circumference increases faster, the limb function improves more and the range of motion gets larger. Dogs should therefore be recommended swimming as rehabilitation after surgery for a rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament..

Is there any truth in the saying ?no news is good news? or is there a reason to question whether media actually do reflect the world?s worst conflicts proportionally? The communication technologies have seen major developments in recent years, and more and more people choose to read their news on the Internet. With smartphones and other devices, one could imagine that there would be easier to cover more conflict areas than ever ? but is this what has happened?In this study we aimed to investigate how three chosen Swedish newspapers reflected five of the on-going conflicts of 2012 and how this can be explained with the theories; the CNN Effect and Stealth Conflicts. We started out with studies of the two theories.

Individer har olika grad av Preference for consistency (PFC) och är en bidragande orsak till hur man uppfattar och agerar i konsumentsammanhang. Studien undersökte om höga PFC- individer var mer positiva till ?ett erbjudande? med hög konsekvenskänsla. Tre betingelser med varierande manipulationsgrad användes och data samlades in från 74 studenter. Ett frågeformulär med tillhörande erbjudande presenterades för deltagarna som fyllde i ett antal frågor och en PFC-B skala.

This thesis will explore how swedish Talang 2010 used their strategic communication in Kalmar and Stockholm and how the Effect of this work was shown in the two cities. With a focus on how the sender was working with the external communication in the two cities, the heart of the research was studying Talang 2010?s communication strategy in these two contexts. The research was made with surveys during two audition days in Kalmar and two days in Stockholm. The competitors, the audience and the general public were answering different surveys but with the same base to study the Effect.

The gaming market is growing and the number of people, men and women, who play computer games, is also increasing every day. In addition, computer games are also interactive media which leads to the fact that product placement in computer games attracts and is used more frequently by marketers. It is therefore important for marketers and game developers to understand how product placement in computer games affects players' attention and attitude towards the brand or product that is product placed. We therefore examine how product placement in computer games affects players' recall of and attitude towards the brand. The aim is to help companies and game developers to see the Effect of product placement in computer games on players and thus product place more efficiently.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease whose course is capricious and unprediactable and the exact cause of the disease is still unclear. The purpose of this literature review was to describe factors that can Effect quality of life of people with diagnosis multiple sclerosis. The results shows ten different factors that Effect quality of life of people with MS: fatigue, activities in daily life, position of dependence, limits of the functional abilities, sense of guilt and shame, comunicationdifficulty, social network, emootional factors, depression and degree of difficulty of the symtomes. Work has been shown to bee a major factor that can make people with MS feel worthy and experience quality of life. Nurs is an important keystone in care of people with diagnosis multiple sclerosis..

Publicity is argued to have relatively great impact on attitudes and behaviours of consumer. Especially great is the influence of negative information. At the same time it is likely for brands to be subject to negative publicity. Since companies are investing gigantic sums into buidling strong and positive associations around their brands it is of great economic interest to have a better understanding how negative publicity influence brand equity and what factors might moderate this Effect. This thesis focuses on brand strength as a moderating factor of negative publicity.

Publicity is argued to have relatively great impact on attitudes and behaviours of consumer. Especially great is the influence of negative information. At the same time it is likely for brands to be subject to negative publicity. Since companies are investing gigantic sums into buidling strong and positive associations around their brands it is of great economic interest to have a better understanding how negative publicity influence brand equity and what factors might moderate this Effect. This thesis focuses on brand strength as a moderating factor of negative publicity.

Denna studie har genom halvstrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer med 13 högstadieelever undersökt hur eleverna upplever två reklamfilmer mot mobbing. Filmerna har lanserats av stiftelsen Friends och utgör en del i deras arbete mot mobbing. Resultatet sammanställdes genom induktiv tematisk analys och åtta teman framkom. Temana var: Känsloprocess, Indirekt mobbing berör mer än direkt mobbing, Kan hända vem som helst, Förståelse för mobboffret, Hjälparen väcker beundran, Medlöparens brist på ingripande, Lärarens passivitet irriterar samt Alla kan hjälpa till. Det resultat som framkom jämfördes med det som Friends önskade att åskådaren skulle uppleva.

This papers? objective is to examine the Effects that labour market institutions (LMI) have on the unemployment in the short- and the medium run throughout the new Keynesian NAIRU theory, but also to make a comparison with the postkeynesian capital stocks? Effect on the unemployment. Thus, it is this papers? main objective to study the economic Effects that LMI, capital accumulation and varied macroeconomic shocks might have on unemployment. The paper uses econometric regression models as a methodological benchmark in order to estimate each independent variable?s level of significance and to approximate the Effect each have on the dependent variable.

This study reflects on the swedish model and the models future. The swedish modelmeans that legisilation acts with the collective agreements . The wage issue is notregulated by law instead it is managed by the social partners in the form of collectiveagreements. In 2008, a report was presented by the Commission on a joint regulation ofthe minimum wage for all EU countries. The issue has become increasinglycontroversial and was especially disccused for the election of candidates to theEuropean Parlament last spring.