The aim for this study was to find out what strategies women use to not react against inequality and sexist prejudice. In the study I used a critical realistic approach through, primary, the social ontology presented by Margaret S. Archer. The study focus on both the women?s construction of femininity and their construction of masculinity and what directions it constitutes for the women?s social orientation.

This study is based on interviews with five directors of educational administration within the Stockholm County. The purpose is to investigate how the directors of educational administrations, in the different municipalities, describe the relationship between the administration and the local school units. Moreover, the aim is also to describe the administration director?s work in relation to the various levels of the administration. To what extent can it be identified as a dimension of the learning organization described in this report.The study shows that skepticism is usually directed upwards toward the next level in the organization and that the decision-making right for local schools is consistently safeguarded.

The purpose of this study is to examine how school meals are organized in a selection of Stockholm's secondary schools and to examine the relationship between school meals and the different parameters that indicate each school's symbolic capital and educational capital. By looking at the statistics from each school on the basis of the final grade average, percentage of pupils with foreign background and gender, I examine whether it is possible to see a relationship between how schools organize meals and which pupils attend the school.  In my study, I systematically went through each school's website and tried to identify how school meals at each school are organized. To increase the validity of the study, I have also conducted a questionnaire survey by mail addressed to school principals.   In order to analyse and understand my results and put them in relation to my current knowledge about the schools in my sample, I am using Bourdieu's theoretical tools that a given aid, both in methodological and analytical purpose. Based on Bourdieu's theories of symbolic capital, cultural capital and educational capital, I can understand and analyse school meals are organized and focused as part of schools' symbolic assets in competition with other schools.   The first part of the study shows that there are four different organizational models for school meals, fully equipped kitchen and canteen, heating kitchen and canteen, school meals in restaurants and school meal card.    In the second part, I have examined the relationship between the type of organization for school meals used and the symbolic resources available at the school. I can conclude from the results that it is difficult to find a correlation between the symbolic resources and the different categories. But even though it is not possible to see all the schools' symbolic assets equally clear, there are still some very telling examples. In many ways, these examples can be seen as polar opposites to each other based on Mikael Palme?s concepts ?goal rational? and ?education oriented? schools..

The purpose of the study is to contribute to the field of social access in children's free play in the pre-school class, by looking at how children are included and excluded and how power structures arises in the free time. In order to capture the events that occur among the children, observations were chosen as research method.The results show that the children wanted to play with each other, and that the most common way to facilitate play was to ask "Can I join?". There were also other strategies being practiced regularly. It was also common to exclude other children from playing, and this was especially when the children wanted to protect their ongoing game, or that someone was not allowed to join because he or she ruined it for the others.

The purpose of the study has been to recognise good development and the factors behind this development. We have chosen an aid-project co-financed first by the Swedish government and later by the government of Great Britain for our study. One of the conditions for good development, according to our chosen theory Another development, is peoples participation. To study good development and peoples participation we conducted a Minor Field Study (MFS) in Rajasthan in the north-west of India in June-August 2001. We had a hermeneutic approach and consequently accomplished interviews and participant observations in the Lok Jumbish project in Rajasthan.

In Sweden, the County Administration board is responsible for improving the water quality in lakes and watercourses according to the European Union Water Framework Directive. In Västmanland county, where river Lillån is situated, the County Administration of Västmanland have the main responsibility for the aquatic environment in that area. The knowledge about the different watercourses in the chatchment of river Lillån is today limited. The aim with this study was to evaluate the ecological quality of River Lillån based on water chemistry analyses and benthic fauna investigations. The aim was also for the benthic fauna to compere different samplingsites and sampling methods with each other in order to see how the species composition changes in the river, and to see the advantages and disadvantages with different sampling tecniques.

It is extremely important that the construction of the environment where children and youngsters spend the majority of their days supports the progress of their mentality. That is why I in this study will investigate what a certain amount of teachers consider of the interplay between learning and environment and how they thought a satisfactory environment structure eras of learning and also what the teachers consider to be missing at this point.The schools where I gathered my material are located in Thailand but they use the Swedish curriculum as a starting point and the students at these schools are mostly Swedish speaking.An important element that I came across was the impact of the surrounding on how to shape and use the environment as a tool in the teaching. Thailand?s climate is different than the Swedish climate; I want to investigate if that has any effect in the teaching.The educational environment in schools includes not only the classrooms but also every other space closely connected. Earlier scientific research as well as those people that I used as objects for interviews agrees regarding the fact that a suitable and stimulating environment are one of the most impact on how well children learn.

Undersökningens syfte var att studera om det finns någon skillnad mellan elevers resultat i matematik beroende på vilket socioekonomiskt skolområde de bor i efter att de har lämnat förskolan och börjat i förskoleklass, men även att se om det finns ett samband mellan elevernas språkliga förmåga, kön och aritmetisk förmåga i början av förskoleklass.Studiens resultat visar att elever från områden med svag socioekonomisk status hade generellt sämre matematiska kunskaper och färdigheter och grundläggande språklig förmåga jämfört med elever från områden med god socioekonomisk status. Resultatet visar också att elevers språkliga förmåga har betydelse för den förberedande aritmetiska förmågan. I analysen av den språkliga förmågan är det framförallt den fonologiska förmågan som är avgörande för den förberedande aritmetiska förmågan..

Denna studie handlar om fritidsvanor och huvudsysselsättningar hos två olika grupper i samhället, nämligen ungdomar i stadsdelen Rosengård och ungdomar i stadsdelen Limhamn vilka båda ligger i Malmö. Det finns klara skillnader när man jämför dessa två grupper och därför ville vi titta närmare på detta och analysera utifrån informanternas berättelser faktorer som påverkar valet av fritidsvanor och valet av huvudsysselsättning av utbildning och jobb samt varför de ser olika ut. Vi har utfört intervjuer i båda stadsdelarna och samtalat med ungdomar samt gjort deltagande observation för att se hur dessa ungdomar uppför sig i gruppen de tillhör.Ungdomar på båda sidor eller i båda stadsdelar anser att fritid är en viktig faktor i deras liv och att olika fritidsaktiviteter har olika status. Fritidsaktiviteter på Rosengård har inte samma status bland ungdomar i Limhamn och fritidsaktiviteter från Limhamn har inte samma status bland ungdomar i Rosengård. Valet av utbildning och jobb är inte heller lika när man jämför de olika stadsdelarna.

Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka pedagogers inställning till lärarlegitimation samt huruvida legitimationen på olika sätt kan beröra både verksamma och nyutexaminerade pedagoger. Syftet med studien var även att skaffa oss en djupare förståelse kring lärarlegitimationen och dess innebörd. Av intresse var också att undersöka vad informanterna anser om sin egen utbildning samt om de ser på lärarlegitimation som ett svar på att höja läraryrkets status. För att få svar på våra frågor har vi använt oss av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod där vi genom semistrukturerade intervjuer, enkäter, litteratur och tidigare forskning analyserat vårt material. Resultatet visade att inställningen till lärarlegitimation förhållandevis är positiv men att det enligt informanterna krävs mer för att legitimationen ska vara värdig sitt namn och inte bara vara ?ett utskrivet papper?..

The aim: was to describe and compare a group of experts and critical care nurses' agreement in detecting delirium in intubated, ventilator treated patients with sedation / analgesia, before and after an in house training intervention with the instrument Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).Method: A quasi-experimental study, one group pretest - posttest design. A convenience sample of 17 critical care nurses in a general intensive care unit included. To detect delirium the instrument CAM-ICU was used, 21 paired tests before and 22 after an educational intervention.Main Results: The results showed that after an in house training intervention sensitivity and kappa coefficient improved of the characteristic 1 "acute onset and fluctuating course," an improvement that was significant. In other features, and overall values were signs of numerical improvement and deterioration in sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient but no significant change.Conclusion: Implementing a new instrument for detecting delirium in clinical practice requires education and follow-up. A small sample of critical care nurses with varying ability to use the new instrument and the fact that patients' status may change rapidly making it difficult to draw any conclusions from this study.

The aim with this thesis was to acquire an understanding for how individuals handle the feeling of shame in connection with cultural consumption. In order to capture the feeling of shame we developed an interview method called the Backstabber interview technique. We found that the Backstabber interview technique successfully triggered feelings of shame in connection to cultural consumption, which made it possible for us to study the handling of shame. We found that our respondents tended to use different forms of accounts in order to handle the feeling of shame. We categorized them into five accounts with relating sub-accounts.

Uppsatsen syftar till att underso?ka kulturtidskrifternas roll och status i det svenska samha?llet idag, bland annat genom intervjuer med verksamma redakto?rer pa? olika kulturtidskrifter. Som problembakgrund presenteras den paradoxala situation som kulturtidskrifterna sta?lls emot: de anses som viktiga fo?r yttrandefrihet, demokrati och ma?ngfald men blir a?nda? fo?rsummade och underprioriterade inom politik och forskning. Utifra?n detta formuleras tre fra?gesta?llningar:Hur ser redakto?rerna pa? den politik som drivs kring kulturtidskriften?Vad anser redakto?rerna att kulturtidskriften har fo?r roll och status i samha?llet?Hur kan kulturtidskriftens roll och status tolkas utifra?n de intervjuaderedakto?rernas svar, den ra?dande kulturpolitiska diskussionen, kulturteorier ochtidigare forskning?Dessa fra?gor analyseras utifra?n intervjusvaren, tidigare forskning, Horkheimer ochAdornos teoretisering av kulturindustrin, Habermas teorier om det offentliga rummet samt Bourdieus fa?ltteori och teori om ekonomiskt och kulturellt kapital.

The purpose of this study was to examine some teachers thought about the educational indoor environment in free preschool. With free preschool this study means a Swedish specially adapted to parents/adults and their children and for a typical type of children who are 0-5 years old. Questions to the study were:? How do some teachers in free preschool perceive that they are adapting the preschool indoors environment to children and learning?? How do some teachers in free preschool perceive that they are adapting the preschool indoors environment to children and learning to attract children to the pedagogical environment?In this study I used qualitative methods and interviewed five teachers and preschool indoor environment is observed. I applied the socio cultural perspective to my study.

This essay investigates how teacher sees and uses mainstream movies as a teaching method. The main question approached is: How does teachers use feature films as a teaching method? Which movies are used and how does their working methods surrounding the movies look like? The purpose of the essay is to make the reader reflect over what influence mainstream media has over the historic knowledge of the students and how teachers use that for educational purposes. The business around historical film has grown over the years and is now a million dollar industry. The conclusion is that teachers mostly use feature films to provoke emotional reactions from the students.