Kvinnors och mäns relativa vilkor på arbetsmarknaden är intimt sammanknippade med fördelningen av betalt och obetalt arbete inom hushållet. Denna fördelning kan påverkas genom ekonomiska incitament och familjepolitiken har en viktig roll i detta sammanhang. Sverige står nu inför en familjepolitisk reform, bestående av ett vårdnadsbidrag, en jämställdhetsbonus och ett skatteavdrag för hushållsnära tjänster. Denna uppsats diskuterar dessa reformers förväntade effekter på tidsallokeringen inom hushållet och hur dessa effekter kan förväntas skilja sig mellan olika socioekonomiska grupper. Den teoretiska ramen utgörs av Gronaus tidsallokeringsmodell och en hushållsmodell utformad av Blau et al.

Incubators have grown more popular in recent years. Studies have shown that companies that have been part of an incubator grow faster and have a higher survival rate. The Swedish government realizes that this benefits the economy. Therefore they have started different funding programs in order to support the incubators. The thesis aims to explore the underlying reasons for why companies that have been part of an incubator often experience high growth.

In the near future we need to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions significantly for the benefit of the environment around us. The European Union has de-manded a variety of climate and energy goals to be achieved by year 2020, the ?20-20-20? targets. With these aims, The European Union means that we must reduce our emissions from fossil fuels and instead increase our renewable fuels. With stump harvest in the forest it?s possible to increase the use of renewable fuels and reduce our emissions from fossil fuels.

Abstract The increased focus on social capital theory has made its way into labour economics. This has led to the creation of a vast literature about the use of networks and informal search methods in the labour-market, a literature that to some extent also deals with immigrants search behaviour and their relatively high unemployment rate. Characteristic for the literature in the area is the lack of analysis of actual networks. Which types of contacts do these networks contain; how are the networks used in the labour-market; and which type of network generates a high amount of social capital. These questions are important for the general understanding of how social capital functions, within the labour-market, but also for the understanding of how immigrants use their networks in order to find themselves jobs.

This essay constitutes a qualitative case study about democratization theory and the middle class in Russia. This is a very important case to study, especially because of the geographic position of the country as well as the economic importance Russia has as a part of the G8. In the essay the author seeks to answer the question whether the lack of a significant middle class in Russia can be a part of the explanation to the absence of a well functioning democracy in the country. Several democratization theories are presented. The most important being Ruth Berins Collier's theories about ins and outs plus the elite- or working class as the initiator of democratization processes.

Background: About five percent of the infants being born in Sweden are cared for in a neonatal unit because of their prematurity. Breastfeeding and breast milk is considered to be the best nutrition for infants in general and for premature infants in particular. The premature infant, depending on how premature, may not be able to breastfeed effectively due to their immaturity. Stress, anxiety and fatigue are factors that affect breast milk production in a negative direction and these feelings are common in the neonatal unit.Aim: To illuminate mothers? experiences of breastfeeding the premature infant in the neonatal unit.Method: A literature review of eight studies with a qualitative research approach, published between the year 2000 and 2012 was conducted.

As EU?s authority increased the number of lobbies in Brussels grew. Today there are approximately 15 000 lobbyists in Brussels. EU decisions and EU directives can have a huge impact on companies and organizations. They can however influence these decisions and directives through lobbying.

Background: First Line Managers are expected to create a health promoting work environment. Research has shown that the prerequisites for accomplishing a health promoting leadership are not always the best. Aim: The aim was to elucidate the prerequisites for a health promoting leadership as First Line Manager at a University hospital in Sweden based on competence, role, support structures and own durability. Results: First Line Managers at the chosen hospital seems to have rather good conditions for conducting a health promoting leadership. All respondents did have a university degree and most thought that their competence corresponded well with the role.

Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att med hjälp av kvantitativa analyser påvisa eventuella positiva eller negativa skillnader för investeringar i aktier inom de av etiska fonder bannlysta branscherna tobak, vapen, alkohol och spel jämfört med andra mer politiskt korrekta sådana. Studien vill också belysa huruvida aktier inom dessa fyra branscher kan uppvisa någon signifikant användbarhet i aktieportföljer, vilken i förekommande fall skulle utgöra ett investeringsmässigt handikapp för de etiska fonderna. Metod: Studiens genomförande bestod främst i att med hjälp av ett antal databaser samla in en stor mängd data för att därefter behandla desamma utifrån vedertagna matematiska metoder. Resultaten analyserades därefter med hjälp av nationalekonomiska teorier utifrån den teoretiska referensram som uppsatsen grundar sig på.Slutsatser: Sammantaget visar studien att de i uppsatsen konstruerade oetiska aktieindexen inte kan uteslutas ur en portfölj utan att märkbar förlust uppstår. Den visar också att de oetiska indexen måste ses som mycket intressanta investeringsobjekt såväl individuellt som ur ett portföljperspektiv.

Rapid economic development and urbanization has led to an improved standard of living for the Chinese people. Meanwhile, a series of environmental problems have also appeared and smog, in particular, has caused the Chinese people to realize how serious the situation is. Smog has seriously affected normal economic activities and people's everyday lives, resulting in financial losses, increased mortality and disease. How to handle the smog becomes particularly important. The purpose of this study is to describe and discuss the underlying causes of two sources of pollution, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide, as well as what drives individuals' and firms' environmentally destructive behavior.

This study focus on how physical and virtual meeting places may promote collaboration between firms and academia for the development of innovations. A case study was conducted on a meeting place that aims to support collaboration for the development of innovations in eHealth between different actors in the Linnaeus region. Data was collected through 6 interviews, whereas 3 with scientists and 3 with entrepreneurs. The data was analyzed based on a theoretical framework based on different perspectives on collaboration and networks, meetings and interaction and, physical and virtual meeting places.The results show that the purpose for collaboration is to be included in a network with other actors in the same area, gain increased knowledge of the subject area and to acquire new external contacts. Furthermore, in order to support collaboration, physical meeting places have to organize effective and interesting meetings.

Our thesis focus on how retirees perceive Tv4s news casts of economy news where we focused on five different aspects: What is the relationship between the news cast and the viewer and how does the viewer express their understanding of the news cast and the way it is constructed? What are the viewers attitude towards the news content and how do they find the news cast useful for them personally?We choosed retirees as our target group due to their vulnerable economic position in today?s society and TV as an important medium for them due to the digital divide. The study was performed with twelve qualitative interviews and one group interview where six retirees took part.We discovered a big interest for economic news in the target group. The majority had a sympathetic view of the news cast they saw but they also expressed skepticism toward the economy segment and/or news castings. The majority expressed a lack of trust for the journalists and the experts brought in to share observations and make announcements, and the financial business overall.

Denna explorativa studie beskriver hur ekonomiska styrsystem kan påverka arbetsrelaterade stressdrivare, så kallade stressorer. Eftersom stress ger allvarliga konsekvenser för både anställda och organisationer är det viktigt att förstå vad som orsakar den. Styrsystems påverkan på stressorer är ett relativt outforskat område. Denna studie syftar till att beskriva hur ekonomiska styrsystem kan påverka stressorer, vilket kommande forskning skulle kunna undersöka djupare. De styrsystem som undersökts är budget, nyckeltal och incitamentsystem.

Background: Swedish football clubs have lost their competitiveness both economically andgamely. The last time a Swedish team was represented in Champions League was 1999 and last season there were only 2 clubs with positive financial results in Allsvenskan. One factor that has not worked is budgeting where many clubs have budgeted too optimistic and thus not able to make positive results.Purpose: The purpose of this report is to review and analyze how the Swedish football clubs are working with their budgeting. The goal was to identify problems in their budgeting and to find solutions which can be used practically.Methodology: This report is a qualitative study consisting of a cross-sectional study of how Swedish football clubs are working on budgeting in 2014. Data collection has primarily consisted of interviews of budgetmakers in the clubs.

At present, the Swedish pig industry is in transition. Prices have been low, but feed prices have increased. Therefore, many pig producers have stopped their production. Producers that lack an integrated production may contract piglet?s producers, or may use the mediation services that slaughterhouses provide.