Tanken med denna uppsats är att jämföra Sveriges sjukvårdssystem med Danmarks och Norges och analysera om en liknande reform med ökad centralisering, som skett i Norge och som kommer att ske i Danmark, är ett alternativ för Sverige. Alla tre länderna har en historia med decentraliserad, offentligt tillhandahållen sjukvård och vikten läggs vid allas rätt till lika vård. Solidarisk finansiering med skatter är en självklarhet för dessa tre länder. Reformerna som skett i Norge och planeras i Danmark innebär att man går ifrån den traditionella modellen och mer ansvar och makt flyttas över på staten. De danska och norska motsvarigheterna till Sveriges landsting läggs ner och nya sjukvårdsregioner bildas.

Sedan 1996 är HIV/AIDS den främsta dödsorsaken i Botswana och skapar stora sociala och ekonomiska störningar i landet. Trots att sjukdomen i sig inte är ett ekonomiskt fenomen utgör den stora omfattningen ett allvarligt hot för landets ekonomiska utveckling de kommande årtiondena. Den ekonomiska utvecklingen i Botswana var fram till mitten på 1990-talet en av världens snabbaste. Från att ha varit ett av de tio fattigaste länderna i världen utvecklades landet till ett av Afrikas rikaste och klassas nu som ett medelinkomstland. Denna uppsats ska försöka reda ut vilka några av de makroekonomiska konsekvenserna är för ett land där en av fyra bär på den livshotande sjukdomen.

Uppsatsen, Bulgariens väg mot EU ? en studie om handel och specialisering ? , undersöker de ekonomiska effekter som Europaavtalet har medfört för Bulgariens del. Avtalet etablerade ett frihandelsområde mellan Bulgarien och EU och syftade till att förbereda landet för ett framtida EU-medlemskap. Vidare verkade Europaavtalet för ett främjande av handelsutbytet mellan de två parterna genom handelsliberalisering. Studiens primära syfte är att skildra Bulgariens utveckling under en tioårsperiod med avseende på handelsmönster och specialisering.

The aim of this study is to investigate how Swedish listed real estate companies use quantitative sustainability measures - mainly sustainability index with a financial focus. Sustainability management is a controversial issue that is used more and more constructive. A sustainable management approach in corporate cunduct is complex and based on a number of aspects of business visions, objectives and daily procedures. The study identifies aspects that are considered relevant in real estate companies where the selection of sustainability indicators is based on the support of scientific research in this field. The study intendeds to clarify how Swedish listed real estate companies have selected aspects and indicators of sustainability management and how these work towards a sustainable development.

The aim of the study is to show how a selected part of the European Language Portfolio, ELP, can support the assessment process for teachers. All the checklists at level A1 and My Language Goals from the Language Biography, a part of the ELP, are implemented and communicated in teaching in a 4th grade class of students. Two teachers are interviewed and both of their classes are compared in the study. One group worked for two weeks with the selected part of the Language Portfolio and the second group followed the regular curriculum for the same period of time. The teachers are interviewed before and after the ELP through support of mind maps.Results show that by using checklists at level A1 and My Language Goals students become aware of their own learning process.

A more complex and turbulent world market puts pressure on flexibility and the ability to adjust its business to the market changes. The rapid and unpredictable change is hade to analyze and forecast which demands more short-term forecasting. The issue for this dissertation is based upon the demand of more flexible ways of doing business in the bank sector in Sweden, which is a turbulent and unpredictable market. Handelsbanken is a company that uses the so called Beyond budgeting concept and the dissertation is about this company?s ability to solve the economic governance without the traditional budgeting process.

Hunger is a problem in some parts of the world (www, FAO 1, 2012). The lack of food is often a result of insufficient knowledge in soil fertility management (Röing de Nowina, 2012). Ongoing hunger and malnourishment are quite prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa and are often combined with poverty (www, FAO 1, 2012). Farming is the most common occupation in this area and the farms are often small-scale farms with subsistence crops and a few cattle. The farmers who operate these small-scale farms are economically a weak group.

This thesis investigates if a system for small scale electricity production located in anurban environment can be profitable. The work has been divided up into two parts,one extensive literature study and one case study. The purpose of the literature studywas to investigate the area, resulting in a choice of which technology to be studied indepth in a case study.In the case study a system containing small scale wind turbines and photovoltaicsmounted on Gränby Centrums roof was examined. From data containing wind power,wind direction and total irradiation, possible production from a system weresimulated. Three products of each technology were examined in the simulations.From the simulated production an economic analysis was carried out, this toinvestigate if a system is profitable.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka varför Afrika har haft så dålig tillväxt de senaste sexton åren jämfört med resten av världen. Paneldata från 41 afrikanska länder mellan åren 1989 och 2004 används för att undersöka åtta variablers påverkan på den ekonomiska tillväxten. Variablerna som ska granskas är sparande, humankapital, inflation, inflation i kvadrat, bistånd, öppenhet, jämställdhet och aids. Fokus ligger på aids och jämställdhet, eftersom de inte varit föremål för tidigare empirisk forskning i samma utsträckning som de andra variablerna. Regressioner gjordes dels över ett treårsintervall och dels över ett femårsintervall för att undersöka hur variablerna påverkar tillväxten för olika tidsperioder.

A pilot-study was used to investigate, types of assistance, assessed needs, outcomes and effects of special-needs assistance given to a subsample of compulsory school pupils in an effort to develop an evaluation strategy for identifying educational impacts of specific special-needs inputs.  Preliminary results indicate a tendency for postive outcomes for most pupils in the pilot group (n = 11) but also that many pupils have residual difficulties.  Pupils with residual difficulties mostly required special education asssitance with Maths, English or Swedish.  More pupils also needed support with behavioral difficulties.  More research and an expanding knowledge base is required in order to effectively evaluate outcomes of teacher support.  Schools need help in devising different methods of assistance and particularly for pupils with behavioral difficulties..

Bakgrund:Bröstcancer är den vanligaste cancersjukdomen hos kvinnor. I bakgrunden beskrivsbröstcancer ur både medicinsk och psyko-onkologiskt perspektiv. Behandlingsmetoderförklaras eftersom de har stor betydelse för patienterna att få kännedom omsjukdomsförloppet och beskrivs psyko-onkologiska reaktioner.Syfte:Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva omvårdnadsåtgärder inom psyko-onkologiför att därmed belysa hur sjuksköterskan kan ge omvårdnad till kvinnor mednydiagnostiserad bröstcancer.Metod:Metoden består av en litteraturstudie baserad på vetenskapliga omvårdnadsartiklar som söktspå databaserna PubMed och CINAHL.Resultat:Artiklarna belyser olika omvårdnadsåtgärder inom psyko-onkologi som kan sjuksköterskautföra för att underlätta tillvaron för kvinnor med nydiagnostiserad bröstcancer. Patienternareagerar individuellt och behöver därför vårdpersonalens psyko-onkologiska stöd samtinformation/utbildning.Diskussion:Diskussionen belyser hur sjuksköterskan kan hjälpa dessa kvinnor genom att erbjudaemotionellt stöd genom gruppsamtal, lämplig information och god utbildning.Sjuksköterskor har ett stort ansvar gentemot denna patientgrupp. Därför är det viktigt attsjuksköterskan får relevant specialutbildning samt handledning så att de kan erbjuda etteffektivt omhändertagande..

Our thesis focus on how retirees perceive Tv4s news casts of economy news where we focused on five different aspects: What is the relationship between the news cast and the viewer and how does the viewer express their understanding of the news cast and the way it is constructed? What are the viewers attitude towards the news content and how do they find the news cast useful for them personally?We choosed retirees as our target group due to their vulnerable economic position in today?s society and TV as an important medium for them due to the digital divide. The study was performed with twelve qualitative interviews and one group interview where six retirees took part.We discovered a big interest for economic news in the target group. The majority had a sympathetic view of the news cast they saw but they also expressed skepticism toward the economy segment and/or news castings. The majority expressed a lack of trust for the journalists and the experts brought in to share observations and make announcements, and the financial business overall.

The current situation for Swedish grain farmers facing a situation with decreasing profitability makes it necessary for the farmers to find ways of increasing the margins in their grain growing. Decreasing profitabilities along with Lantmännens closing of grain elevators contribute to the necessity for farmers to invest in grain storing and drying at the farm. By investing in capacity for drying and storage of grain on the farm it is possible to recieve a higher price on the grain sold due to the possibility to sell when the price is higher compared to the harvesting season. An investment in grain drying and storage with a relatively low investment cost that recently has appeared on the Swedish market is the grain stir drying system. This study contains a comparison of an investment in a grain stir drying system where the grain is dried and stored in the same silo and a conventional drying and storage system.

This study is inspired by research about alliance as a common factor. The purpose is to explore the positive experiences among community-based social support workers when breaking the rules with their clients. The study questions in which situations they broke the rules and how they handled these situations related to their clients and colleges. Qualitative, individual interviews were made with four community-based social support workers who had such experiences. The results were analysed through an hermeneutic approach using Johan Asplund's theory of social responsiveness.

The purpose of the paper is to examine how teachers in preschool is working with language stimulation for the prevention of difficulties in reading and writing before school starts. The method that was used to illuminate the problem is a qualitative interview. A specialpedagog and six preschool teacher, which is specifically focused on language stimulation in the work with children, have been included in the study. The results indicated that preschool teacher are working a lot with language stimulation. They work mostly with children throughout the group, to encourage and provide children with the tools to be able to communicate with each other and staff.