Uppsatsen analyserar inkomstskillnader mellan högutbildade svenskfödda och utlandsfödda på den svenska arbetsmarknaden med hjälp av inkomstekvationer. Dataunderlaget kommer från ett tvärsnitt ur LINDA-databasen år 1999 och alla personer i dataunderlaget har genomgått en svensk universitets- eller högskoleutbildning. Två beroende inkomstvariabler finns med i dataunderlaget ? årsinkomst och månadslön ? för att studera tidsaspekten i inkomstskillnaderna. Det finns stora inkomstskillnader mellan svenskfödda och utlandsfödda för det totala urvalet (särskilt för urvalet baserat på årsinkomst).

Olika socioekonomiska faktorer som utbildning, inkomst, ålder, familjestatus och kön har betydelse för individens hälsa och hur individen själv producerar i sin hälsa. Hälsa både efterfrågas och produceras av individen, för att kunna göra detta efterfrågas varor och tjänster på marknaden som ingår i individens nyttofunktion. För att kunna köpa varorna krävs att en del av tiden fördelas till marknadsarbete och en del till hushållsproduktion. Inom ramen för hushållsproduktion produceras hälsan. Effektiviteten i produktionen av hälsa påverkas bland annat av hur mycket utbildning individen har.

This paper investigates the compensation for risk in the context of the Swedish stock market with a special focus on downside risk. Using daily market data collected from the A-list of the Stockholm Stock Exchange between the years 1983 and 2005 the purpose is to answer the question whether Swedish investors are compensated for holding stocks with high downside risk, measured as downside beta. Using panel data analysis it is shown, in accordance with most previous evidence in international research, firstly that stocks with high beta values on average experience higher returns than stocks with low beta values, and secondly that stocks with high downside beta values experience higher returns than stocks with high beta values in general. On the other hand, cross-sectional regression methodology using a bivariate regression approach shows that downside beta does not explain excess returns very well. Instead, regression analysis suggest that high upside beta does a much better job in explaining excess return over this time period compared to downside beta.

This study treats the possibility of breeding mallards and pheasants on our own farm, Björnslund. From the beginning I considered to breed them from eggs to adults but after visiting several breeders I changed my mind. It seemed to be a lot of work with no economic profit in comparison with buying already hatched birds and then feed them to adults. If the business shall be profitable I have to be soll the hunting for the birds and then sell the dead birds to game purchasers. There are also calculations that show which price you have to charge for the hunting that will give a positive result. Another possibility is to own a slaughterhouse and sell the meat to restaurants and supermarkets.

Background and problem discussion: Sustainability reporting has recently risen in importance and a rising number of companies choose to issue voluntary stand-alone sustainability reports. Their non-regulated nature increases the opportunity for management to angle the information in these disclosures to their own advantage. Lately the focus has shifted from examining what kind of information is provided in environmental disclosures, to analyzing how the information is presented.Purpose: The purpose is to examine if managers in the energy sector use optimistic tone when issuing sustainability reports. The aim is to find out if the tone applied in environmental disclosures is in congruence with either the environmental or economic performance or if an excessively positive tone is being used to mislead readers.Limitations: This study is limited to information found in environmental disclosures from private companies in the energy sector, issued in 2012 or 2013. Environmental performance is defined as the amount of CO2e emissions and economic performance refers to annual company revenues.Methodology: The quantification of optimistic tone is conducted using a content analysis, relying on a pre-specified wordlist and a pilot study.

Since 1983 Sweden has a general audit obligation for joint-stock companies. At this moment the Government has issued an investigation concerning the subject. The purpose of this paper is to examine what effects an abolition of the audit obligation for small joint-stock companies can have on the Swedish tax department regarding economic crime. An angel on the report is to examine how the tax department uses adverse auditor?s reports.

The starting point of this study is theories of European integration, which are used to formulate different scenarios about the future of the European Union. This is made in regards to the eurocrisis which has intensified the discussion about how to change the construction of the euro to overcome the economic difficulties that has arisen. In this study, four different scenarios are presented: "An updated Europe", "A new Europe", "The death of the euro" and "Goodbye Greece". The first two scenarios takes its starting point in the neofunctionalist theory of European integration and describes how the EU might increase its level of integration in different ways. We can either see a development where the EU tries to improve the implementation of the rules that are meant to coordinate the member states? economic policy, or we might encounter a more advanced integration where fiscal policy competences are transferred to the EU-level.The latter scenarios, however, takes another theory in to account, liberal intergovernmentalism, and describes how the eurozone might be fragmented in different ways due to conflicts of interest between lenders and countries that has to receive loan-packages.

Social inequality, economic imbalances and greenhouse gas emissions are some of the greatest risks threatening society today. Society has become more aware of these risks and has started to demand firms to take more responsibility. During the last 30 years firms and mainly large firms has chosen to work with something called CSR. CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility which is the work firms engage with to take responsibility for environment and society as a whole. Scientists and business people has taken two sides towards CSR, one side argues that CSR cost more than it tastes and the other side argues that firms which engage with CSR will gain economic benefits.

Urbanization and the flight of the creative class drains the countryside when it comes to creativity and talent. Especially the young leave sleepy societies. Richard Florida claims that the city attracts the creative class and enables for economic growth to flourish. Robert Putnam adds to the picture by saying social capital might be equally effective as nourishment for growth. In Uddebo, a rural village in the south of Sweden one combines the two creating a vivid society where creativity flies high and ideas fertilize each other?s.

The study aims to investigate the feasibility of small-scale electricity production with solar electricity systems, also known as PV (photovoltaic) systems, in Australia. Due to the global warming, sustainable energy has in recent years become an increasingly important issue, both internationally and in Australia. With one of the largest dependencies on fossil energy sources in the world, the country's abundant solar radiation is a possible solution to this issue.Both the technical and the economic feasibility of small-scale PV systems were investigated. On the technological side, the electricity generation, distribution and consumption systems were studied. On the economical side, the parameters that drive the profitability of a PV investment were investigated.

Uppsatsen syftar till att belysa det allmänna pensionssystemets ekonomiska incitament till förlängt arbetskraftsdeltagande. Vidare undersöks huruvida pensionssystemet är försäkringsmässigt. För att synliggöra de ekonomiska incitamenten görs en jämförelse med det gamla pensionssystemet. Det allmänna pensionssystemets ekonomiska incitament belyses med följande ekonomiska mått: pensionsförmögenhet, förmånsvärde, toppvärde och ersättningskvot. Valet mellan pension och ökat konsumtionsutrymme åskådliggörs i en nyttofunktionsmodell.

If an enterprise lacks capital it might be in desperate need of capital contribution to avoid liquidation. One solution to restore the economic balance, is to construct a contract in which the enterprise ensures that capital contribution will be made on given conditions. The purpose with this thesis is to analyze different ways to establish such agreements.A capital contribution can be triggered by a call-off from the board of directors to the contributor, or automatically, when the shareholders? equity falls below 50 percent of the registered capital stock. In the literature, the latter is represented as the most adaptable.

In this thesis, two studies with different drills were included. In one of the studies two drills were compared: Väderstad Rapid and Väderstad Spirit. In the other study various drills for direct drilling were compared. The study with Rapid and Spirit was placed in two locations with different autumn tillage; one on ploughed land in Uppsala and one on cultivated land in Västerås, both with relatively high clay content. Rapid drills have a single disc coulter, while the Spirit drills have a double disc coulter. Various aspects were compared such as aggregate distribution, seed placement, emergence, crop yield and economic outcome.

As of 2013, around 51 million people were living on the run, classified as refugees. One of the reasons the number has increased so much during the last years can be explained by the war in Syria. The aim of following study is to evaluate the impact the Syrian refugee flow has had on the Turkish society up until today, seeing the consequences of economic, political and social impact made on the Turkish society. Due to these chosen aspects the study will be concentrated only on the changes in the Turkish society brought about accordance with economic, political and social effects. What is desirable is to achieve greater understanding of the positive and negative aspects of refugee flows on host countries.

Fruktsamheten i Sverige har följt den ekonomiska konjunkturen under de senaste decennierna. Detta till trots att en period av arbetslöshet har en positiv inverkan på individens sannolikhet att föda barn. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att ta reda på vilka som föder färre barn när arbetsmarknadsläget försämras. Syftet är också att ta reda på om de minskade fruktsamhetstalen leder till en långvarig minskning i födelsetalen eller om barnafödandet hinner återhämta sig då det är bättre tider. För att analysera efterfrågan på barn används teorier om den totala efterfrågan på barn samt teorier om den optimala tidpunkten att skaffa barn.