People are constantly using there friends in order to ask for a favor or to get hold of some information. This is usually done unconsciously and it is just viewed as everyday life behavior. The function and the use of these links definitely have a value, which means that it can be viewed as a form of capital. But this capital is not caught in the traditional theories of physical capital or human capital; it demands it?s on theorization.

På senare år har den finansiella marknaden vuxit enormt mycket. I samband med värdepappershandel utsätts banker och andra finansiella aktörer för risker. För att få en kontroll på lönsamheten och inte utsättas för likviditetsproblem, har insikt om riskkontroller förbättrats. Value at Risk (VaR) är ett mycket erkänt och användbart mått vid riskmätningar. VaR definieras som ?den med viss sannolikhet förväntade förlusten från ogynnsamma marknadsrörelser över en definierad tidsperiod?.

Med intern könssegregering menas att kvinnor och män arbetar inom olika specialiteter av ett yrke. Ett yrke som har en jämn könsfördelning kan därför ändå vara starkt segregerat. Könssegregering kan innebära problem i form av till exempel effektivitetsförluster, privatekonomiska förluster och ojämn maktfördelning. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om intern könssegregering förekommer bland yrken som varit mansdominerade, men som idag har en betydligt jämnare könsfördelning. Hur segregeringen har påverkats av att andelen kvinnor ökat inom yrket och om det finns en koppling mellan lönenivå och andel kvinnor inom en specialitet undersöks.

In this thesis, the conditions of using the maintenance method live work at the Swedish TSO, Svenska Kraftnät has been analyzed. The study is limited to only include live work on 220 and 400 kV. The live work method is a type of maintenance that can be done, on lines or stations, even though they are still energized. The purpose of this thesis has been to map the present live work situation at these levels in Sweden. The study is based mostly on interviews with people who have specific field competence with in live work but also with personnel at Svenska Kraftnät.

Sweden experienced a decline in exports of 16 percent in the period after the financial crisis. The decline has created a lot of question marks regarding the traditional exports which has started a process with the aim of finding Sweden?s next cash cow in export.Sweden adopted stringent environmental laws early which positioned them as a strong nation in environmental awareness. The stringent environmental legislation meant that the Swedish companies were required to minimize the environmental impact, which created a demand for eco-efficient products. Despite the early demand for eco-efficient products, the international success of the Swedish cleantech companies has been modest.The government can increase firms international competitiveness by encouraging, supporting and promoting activities on the domestic market.

Sedan Ukrainas självständighetsförklaring 1991 har landet arbetat med att reformera sin ekonomi till ett mer marknadsekonomiskt system. Denna process innefattar en mängd olika aspekter att ta hänsyn till som har stora effekter på ekonomin. I denna uppsats har vi valt att analysera en del av de otaliga reformer som finns, nämligen hur väl Ukraina har lyckats med sina skattereformer i syfte att införa marknadsekonomi i landet. Dessutom ämnar vi besvarafrågan vilka effekter som skattereformerna har haft på landets ekonomi med fokus på hur statens intäkter förändrats samt utvecklingen av den makroekonomiska variabeln inflation ochlandets budgetunderskott. För att kunna besvara den förstnämnda frågan har vi använt oss av befintlig teori om den finanspolitiska transformationsprocessen samt analyserat skattebördan, skattestrukturen samt skattesatserna i Ukraina.

The aim of this study was to compare educational systems in Sweden, Czech Republic, Italy and Scotland. In the light of the Bologna Declaration signed in 1999, I was particularly interested in comparing social work educations in these four countries. Especially to clarify how far they have come to fulfill the goals of the common European educational policy.Central questions asked were: How do the educational systems look like in each of the four countries? How are the social work educations organized in each of them? In what ways do the social work educations differ? How can we explain such differences?Each country in this study represents a different welfare regime, and therefore I was challenged to find out if this has an impact on the implementation of the incentives of the Bologna Declaration. By studying various documents from the European Union, documents from each country and presentations of various social work programmes, I have come to the conclusion that the differences found mainly depends on the historical and socioeconomic traditions in the countries.

Generally, the economic health of Swedish roundwood truck transport companies has not been good. Profitability is important for maintaining the stability in the transport business, which is a condition for long-term transport planning in the forestry sector. The scope of this study was to identify probable factors influencing the profitability of roundwood truck transport companies and quantify the influence of these factors on economic results. The study was carried out at a major roundwood truck transport organisation in mid-Sweden and was implemented in four steps. In the first step economic results from the haulage contractors were collected and a random sample was taken from accounted net margin for the account year 2005/2006. In the second step hauliers were interviewed to identify probable success factors. At the third step data for identified factors were gathered through a questionnaire.

The purpose of this essay was to study some selected magazine articles by examining how the concept of child poverty is produced in the public debate, and to see if the definition of the term has changed over time. The theoretical approach on which this study is based has been used as a tool to provide better understanding on the subject. Furthermore, theories of consumer society, the "collateral damage" and the theory of welfare regimes have been used. In the previous research presented in the paper focuses on linking children and families living in precarious economic conditions, consumer standards and welfare systems that characterize society.This study has a qualitative approach as it attempts to capture and increase understanding of how the concept of child poverty can be understood from a Swedish context. The study is based on newspaper articles that are studied using a structural text analysis.

In the current situation in the housing market and in particular the inner city much attention is directed towards achieved prices per square meter in sales. The indicator is as a principle an appropriate measure of the housing market?s health and development, and can to some extent be used to make approximations of the general economic health status of municipalities and counties. It occurs occasionally that questions about whether prices are based on fundamentals at all times.The thesis questions that very issue, not from a macro accompanying financial perspective but rather from a microeconomic perspective, where each tenant ownership in the study is a micro-object. Are the observed prices per square meter rational relative to housing cooperative?s assets or is there a lack in the observed prices anchoring the respective association's finances.

This thesis examines the European Union's sanctions policy regarding human rights and interdependence. Previous research has discussed whether sanctions are effective or result in desirable outcomes. This paper aims to take a step back and understand motives by analyzing consistency in the EU?s decisions to impose sanctions. The question is relevant because formal justification can be used to cloak actual motives, and by examining actual decisions, the analyses shed light on motives.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka en svensk investerares möjligheter till internationell diversifiering. I vår undersökning vill vi undersöka om möjligheten förändrats de senaste decennierna och om det med effektiva investeringsstrategier går att lyckas bättre än med en inhemsk placeringsstrategi. Metoden vi använt för att utreda om möjligheterna till diversifiering har förändrats är genom att undersöka om korrelationen mellan våra 20 utvalda I-länder förändrats mellan perioden 1993-1998 och 1999-2006. För att undersöka magnituden av nyttan med internationell diversifiering har vi valt att på ex ante basis skapa ett flertal effektiva portföljer bestående av tillgångar från våra länder och sedan investerat efter dessa vikter på ex post basis. De strategier vi valt är minsta variansportföljer och tangentportföljer.

The meaning of this study was to find out if the restructure of Televerket to Telia AB was effective in an economic point of view. The mayor work in this essay is concentrated to the studies around efficency and privatizations..

The Stockholm office market segment have for a long time been considered a safe havenwhen it comes to withstand negative turmoil in the form of rental compression due toeconomic fluctuation, especially in the CBD demographic. Recently however, a large numberof banks and institutions, amounting to some 200000 square meters, have decided to relocateto more peripheral locations with the aim of cost reductions on rent. This mass exodus isstudied with focus on rental dynamics as the result of increased vacancies. Other variables arestock changes and employment. The method is econometric combined with an interviewseries.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur produktivitetsförändring i en bransch påverkar priser, både på den egna marknaden, men också på alla andra marknader genom att ge upphov till en förändring av relativpriset. Denna undersökning kommer att utföras på den tjänsteorienterade marknaden för taxi, samt på den teknikorienterade telebranschen. Dessa båda marknader har valts för att de representerar helt motsatt produktivitetsförändring. Det har skett en produktivitetsminskning på taximarknaden de senaste 20 åren, medan det har skett en ökning i produktivitet på telemarknaden under samma period. En ökning av arbetsproduktiviteten inom ett företag, eller i en bransch, innebär att fler enheter tillverkas per arbetad tidsenhet.