The aim of this bachelor thesis is to through a theoretical analyze, investigate the conditions and the challenges for a consolidated democracy in Egypt from 1952 until after the revolution of 2011. The central question in this thesis is what opportunities and challenges are there for the democratic consolidation in Egypt, with respect to civic, political and economic conditions. How have the conditions developed between 1952 and 2011? How has the transition government/military government handled the central problems in the transitions phase after 2011? The theory used in this analysis is Linz and Stepans famous five arenas (the political society, the economic society, the civil society, the bureaucracy and the state of rule, whit focus on the three first). Through a qualitative case study we have analyzed the conditions in Egypt from 1952 to after the revolution 2011.The empirical material shows that the arenas in Egypt are both historically and current very weak, and they are not supporting democratic consolidation as they are challenged by several enormous problems.

Syftet med studien är att analysera effekter av integration på prisskillnader inom mejerisektorn i Europeiska unionen (EU15 ). Studien syftar alltså till att klargöra huruvida antalet år som medlem i EU har påverkat prisutjämningsprocessen samt vilken effekt införandet av den gemensamma valutan, euro, har haft. Undersökningen sker utifrån prisdata på mejeriprodukterna; mjölk, smör, ost och ägg inhämtad från EIU. Priskvoten beräknas och jämförs mellan varje enskilt medlemsland i förhållande till EU12. Härutöver har en multipel regressionsanalys utförts i ekonometriprogrammet Eviews.

The disintegration of the Soviet Union was a vast experience, not solely for the former members and inhabitants of the Soviet Union, but also for the rest of the world. This thesis examines Estonia and Uzbekistan's different experience with transition. By examining three different aspects of transition I seek to explain Estonia and Uzbekistan's different outcome of transition. Estonia has since their independence been fully aware of the process that started with their independence. They have reformed both the political and economic system, the industry is privatized, institutions democratic and Estonia is today a member of the European Union.

Since 1996 the Swedish households have ten folded their volume of loans for own homes that is attached to a floating interest rate. Also in 1996 the Swedish electric market was deregulated. These two facts have increased the volatility in the household expenses for these two commodities. This thesis studies the risk for homeowners attached to the exposure against the electric and the credit market. The risk model used is Cost-at-Risk which is usually used by public authorities for analysing the risk involved with national debt.

The transformer is one of the most common and most important electric machines for power companies. Cost of investment and the economic worth of a transformer are counted in millions of SEK. Because of that, proper maintenance actions that may lead to longer technical life time should be the aim in all situations.The aim with the report was to perform transformer diagnosis by dissolved gas analysis on Umeå Energi AB´s power transformers and a risk assessment. The report should also contribute to longer life time for the transformers.Oil samples were taken from each transformer two times. The first sample in summer 2013 and the second in April 2014.

The public administration and its officials have a number of values which they have to relate to in their work. The values are a set of democratic and economic values.This study?s purpose is to examine how the officials at the National Insurance Office in Sweden give priority to these values. The study is performed by interviews with officials at two insurance offices.The study shows that the officials in a high degree value the democratic values legal security and public ethics. In turn they experience that productivity, which is an economic value, is being promoted in a high degree from the management.

Studien baseras på en kvantitativ metod med starka kvalitativa inslag. Syftet med studien är att med hjälp av ekonomisk teori och ekonometriska modeller försöka bestämma efterfrågeelasticiteten på Internetpokermarknaden. Vi har i studien utgått från att efterfrågefunktionen på Internetpokermarknaden är en konstant elastisk nyttofunktion. Då priset i Internetpoker är en komplicerad variabel att skatta konstruerade vi en prisformel. För att kunna vikta de olika variablerna som ingick i prisdefinitionen genomförde vi en surveyundersökning.

En anmärkningsvärd skillnad mellan spelteoretiska modeller rörande skattebetalning och verkligheten är att de förra i avsevärd grad tenderar att överskatta skatteundandragandets storlek. I denna uppsats ställs frågan om man genom att införa sociala normer i en modell för skatteundandragande kan nå ett resultat som i högre grad överensstämmer med den verkliga nivån. Det kan sägas vara möjligt att inlemma sociala normer i en modell för skatteundandragande, men eftersom deras inverkan är svår att kvantifiera kan meningen med detta anses vara begränsad. Av uppsatsens ansatser förefaller det som om en modell där stigmatisering inträder vid avslöjat fusk har den största förklaringspotentialen. Det är dock inte omöjligt att andra ansatser vid en utökad analys skulle visa sig ha bättre förklaringskapacitet.

The workplace has a direct impact on the physical, psychological, economic and social well-being of the workers. A healthy workplace leads to increased health among the employees which also makes the employees more productive (Källestål, 2004). A poor working environment can have negative consequences for individuals, companies and society (SOU, 2009:47).This is a qualitative study that investigates companies? view of health promotion and how they practice health promotion in working life. Five private and five public companies, with representatives from the management were interviewed.

Företag inom teknologisk industri konkurrerar om ständiga innovationer och patent. Det är endast det första företaget som uppnår patent för en innovation. Det uppstår därför patentkapplöpningar. Dessa kan analyseras utifrån olika modeller. I denna uppsats behandlas enkel modell och learningmodell.

AbstractThe aim of this thesis is to examine Interreg as an instrument for regional policy in the European Union. Interreg is an initiative designed to strengthen economic and social cohesion throughout the European Union by fostering balanced development through cross-border, transnational and interregional cooperation. But how does it work in practise? Three main questions are asked to answer this:How well does the implementation in the programmes work?How does the programme management look and how well does it work?What degree of efficiency does Interreg show in financial and physical effectiveness?With evaluation and implementation as theories the questions are answered together with a qualitative method. The conclusions that can be drawn is that Interreg strengthen European unions economic and social cohesion in form of integration and regional development that in many ways make it easier to travel and trade over the borders.

Lagen om läkemedelskommittéer infördes den 1 januari 1997 och innebär att det i varje landsting ska finnas minst en läkemedelskommitté. Syftet med kommittéernas verksamhet är att verka för en tillförlitlig och rationell läkemedelsanvändning, grundad på vetenskap och beprövad erfarenhet. Detta gör kommittéerna genom att rekommendera läkemedel till en så kallad baslista. I denna uppsats görs en enkätstudie av kommittéernas attityder till och användning av hälsoekonomiska utvärderingar vid dessa rekommendationer. För att få en uppfattning om detta har en representant från varje kommitté i Sverige svarat på frågor som berör beslutskriterier, informationskällor, utbildning samt attityder till och användning av utvärderingars resultat.

The thesis is an examination of the methods that are appropriate and long-term choice to obtain clamping force and secure screw joints in production. The employer, Scania CV AB, transmission manufactures axle gears to all trucks produced in Södertälje. One of the most common assembly elements is screw joints, where the clamping force is essential to achieve a secure joint. Current methods to secure the joint is due much of the friction effect and is an indirect method to measure the clamping force. The clampforce accuracy becomes more widely with torque angle control.

Title: A Business Perspective on Reducing the Climate Impact from Tetra Paks Transportations of Goods. Authors: Pär BerglundSebastian Lyngström Supervisors: Lars J Nilsson, Environmental and Energy Systems, Lund UniversityNils Månsson, Department of Business Administration, Lund University Problem Analysis: Increased awareness concerning climate change will put pressure on companies to reduce their climate impact. Problems arise when trying to reduce the impact from transportations due to companies? limited control on forwarding agents and difficulties measuring the emissions. Purpose: From a business perspective, this report will enable a reduction of the climate impact that arises from Tetra Paks transportation of goods.

Introduction/Background: Economic evaluations help decision-makers to make informed decisions regarding resource allocation. Information generated from CEA can support evaluations of a new intervention with current praxis. The evaluations also provide information as to whether an intervention is cost-effective, both in economic terms and in health gains. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of economic evaluations in public health, with a focus on CEA. Use of economic evaluations is regarded as both a method for evaluation and as support for informed decisions.