Uppsatsen behandlar lågprisbutikers etablering på den svenska dagligvarumarknaden. Fokus ligger på dessa butikers inträdes- och lokaliseringsstrategier. Eftersom etablering är knutet till en mängd olika faktorer och för att få en tydlig bild av den rådande situationen på den svenska dagligvarumarknaden, liksom i vilken riktning marknaden är på väg har även en marknadsanalys gjorts. Den svenska dagligvarumarknaden har länge karaktäriserats av internationellt sett höga priser och ett fåtal stora aktörer. Situationen håller dock på att förändras i och med lågprisbutikernas inträde.

Denna uppsats analyserar dynamiken i orderflödet i limitorderboken på Stockholmsbörsen utifrån unika data som gjorts tillgängliga tack vare ett samarbete mellan SIX AB och Lunds Universitet. Studien finner att så väl orderläggning som handel på Stockholmsbörsen uppvisar ett kraftigt autokorrelerat mönster vilket ligger i linje med vad tidigare studier funnit på andra börser. Resultat från tidigare teoretiska analyser finner att bid-ask spreaden snabbt återvänder till sitt jämviktsläge efter temporära fluktuationer d v s mean reversion. Detta resultat bekräftas empiriskt i denna studie. Vidare analyseras även utbudet och efterfrågan av likviditet samt dess relation till orderbokens tillstånd.

By means of group contributions the legislator has made it easier for company groups to transfer profits from a parent company to a subsidiary. A parent company can choose to reconstruct by acquire a company, create a subsidiary or perform a partial fission. The choice can affect the possibility for a parent company to perform a group contribution with deduction right.The parent company has to own more than 90 percent of the subsidiary?s shares for a whole taxation year or since the subsidiary began to carry out any economic activity in order to perform group contributions with deduction right. If a subsidiary is acquired, it has to be owned for a whole taxation year before group contributions with deduction right can be made, unless the acquired company never has carried out any economic activity before.

Det idag väldigt populära riskmåttet Value-at-Risk (VaR) kan beräknas på många olika sätt. En metod som använder sig av extremvärdesteori (EVT) för att estimera VaR utvecklades under 1990-talet som ett alternativ till de traditionella VaR metoderna. EVT fokuserar på fördelningens svans, eftersom det är här de extrema observationerna uppträder. I denna studie undersöker vi hur framgångsrik extremvärdesmetoden är när det kommer till att estimera VaR för råvaror, en typ av tillgång som karakteriseras av att vara extremt volatil och därmed speciellt svår att riskbedöma. Våra resultat pekar på att extremvärdesteorin erbjuder ett intressant alternativ när man önskar att estimera VaR för volatila råvaror.

Understensho?jden is Stockholm's largest eco-village which was built in the early 1990s with the vision of enabling ecological living for people. However the ecovillage is no longer considered as environmentally friendly because of its relatively high energy consumption, and non-updated energy system. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate how Understensho?jden should reduce their energy consumption and upgrade its energy system by using Blower-Door, IR-camera and Design Builder.

The rise in prevalence and severity of obesity and related diseases imposes increasing costs on society. The objective of this thesis is to discuss and estimate the possible effects of a so-called fat tax as a tool for minimizing these costs. Two alternatives for differentiation of the value-added tax (VAT) on food are compared. The first alternative is an increase of the VAT levied on food containing saturated fatty acids. The second alternative is a subsidy on fruit and vegetables in the form of a VAT at zero percent, instead of today?s twelve percent.

The aim ofthis study was to examine how economic growth affects the level of democracy inauthoritarian states. Some of these states have experienced high economicgrowth. However, one can discuss how it affects the country?s democratization-process.For that reason this study was needed to contribute to a clarification of howeconomic growth can affect authoritarian rule and democratization. This wasdone through an examination of the development in China.

The purpose of this thesis is to study how Malaysia Airlines communicated during the two largest crises of 2014. Key questions to be answered are: Did organizational hypocrisy occur? If yes, in what way? Which communication strategies were used? Did the company mediate an unequivocal message and how was the information framed? Did any aggravating factors, which worsened the organization?s reputation, appear? How did Malaysia Airlines manage possible rumours? Was the word contact used as a keyword? The method of choice is a quantitative content analysis and the material consists of 20 different analysis units. These analysis units were collected from social media and Malaysia Airlines website. The quantitative content analysis is based on the theory Situational Crisis Communication Theory, taken from PR, Strategy and Application, Managing Influence, by W.

The aim of this thesis is to study the cause of Egypt´s failed development of the transition to democracy and vice versa, the reason why Turkey succeeded in democratic transition. Thesis methodology is a comparative analysis between design units Egypt and Turkey. Thus, the most similar design used in the investigation.European Commission began in 1998 to review Turkey´s political and economic reforms to fulfil the Copenhagen criteria. 2005 began negotiations on a Turkish- EU membership. U.S and Egypt have enjoyed close economic, security and democratic cooperation since 1975.

Children that are exposed to domestic violence are placed in a vulnerable situation and they are not been given their own identity during the family conflict resolution process. Focus is mostly directed towards the parents and their conflict-filled situation. The aim of this study is to talk with professionals and take part of their experiences with regards to the phenomenon of children who witness domestic violence. The study is conducted from a child/crime victim perspective and is restricted to men's violence against women. A qualitative method is used which consist of interviews involving representatives of BRIS, the Police, Social Service, a Woman Shelter, and two Crisis Centers with different concentrations.

Children that are exposed to domestic violence are placed in a vulnerable situation and they are not been given their own identity during the family conflict resolution process. Focus is mostly directed towards the parents and their conflict-filled situation. The aim of this study is to talk with professionals and take part of their experiences with regards to the phenomenon of children who witness domestic violence. The study is conducted from a child/crime victim perspective and is restricted to men's violence against women. A qualitative method is used which consist of interviews involving representatives of BRIS, the Police, Social Service, a Woman Shelter, and two Crisis Centers with different concentrations.

The world is in a stage of climate crisis where the average temperature is rising, with consequences such as, melting ice sheets, increasing sea levels, and floods. The climate panel of the UN, IPCC, has stated that this is a reaction of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases. The most important gas is carbon dioxide, which contributes with 80 per cent to the on going climate crisis.The increasing emissions of carbon dioxide are connected to human consumption patterns. This puts pressure on the earth, as humans demand more and more resources. Today the earth needs one and a half year to regenerate the resources humans? demand of it, by the year 2030 we will need two planets in order to cope with this increasing demand of resources.At a global level it is established that richer countries have a stronger consumption pattern than poorer, and thus generate higher levels of carbon dioxide emissions.

I denna uppsats undersöks om det förekommer fiskal illusion i det svenska pensionssystemet. Fiskal illusion innebär att en felaktig bild av sambandet mellan kostnader och förmåner i det offentliga systemet uppstått hos medborgarna. Vi utreder vad en sådan illusion kan bero på, vilken betydelser den har och vilka åtgärder som kan vidtas för att minska den. Det framkommer att fiskal illusion existerar och att den till stor del beror på utformningen av pensionsavgifterna. Framförallt är det uppdelningen i en arbetsgivaravgift och en egenavgift, samt att båda betalas in av arbetsgivaren som leder till oklarheter.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this essay has been to analyse an incident that received huge attention in the media that took place on February 24 2011 involving the famous fashion designer John Galliano. Galliano who at the time served as a creative director at French luxury fashion house Dior hurled anti-Semitic remarks during an altercation to a couple at Paris café La Perle. We intended to do a study of the material in two parts. The primary focus of our thesis was to analyse six different newspaper articles that involved the incident. We chose to analyse three articles from Great Britain and three from the United States to get a versatile image of the incident.

Understensho?jden is Stockholm's largest eco-village which was built in the early 1990s with the vision of enabling ecological living for people. However the ecovillage is no longer considered as environmentally friendly because of its relatively high energy consumption, and non-updated energy system. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate how Understensho?jden should reduce their energy consumption and upgrade its energy system by using Blower-Door, IR-camera and Design Builder.