Introduction/Background: Economic evaluations help decision-makers to make informed decisions regarding resource allocation. Information generated from CEA can support evaluations of a new intervention with current praxis. The evaluations also provide information as to whether an intervention is cost-effective, both in economic terms and in health gains. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of economic evaluations in public health, with a focus on CEA. Use of economic evaluations is regarded as both a method for evaluation and as support for informed decisions.

In 1809 the citizens of Sweden where given the freedom to practice their Christian faith through the Swedish constitution of 1809, 16 §. This proclaimed that there should be religious freedom in Sweden, albeit restricted to Evangelical-Lutheran faith. Although after the law regarding dissenters was passed in 1860 by choosing another church than the Evangelical-Lutheran church you lost some civic rights, for example you could not become a public official. The freedom to choose religious affiliation was given through the Law of Religious Freedom in 1951. The purpose of this study is to evaluate in what way the concept of religious freedom has developed in Swedish law between 1809 and 1951.In the background I treat two historical events and one era, with focus upon religious freedom, which have in my opinion influenced the view of religious freedom in Sweden during the chosen period of 1809?1951.

New forms of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become more influential in development contexts. The concept of ?The Digital Divide? points at a large division between rich and poor countries regarding access to ICTs. Critics say that the debate concerning this topic for far too long has focused mainly on the technology itself rather than social factors which impact social inclusion and development. Scholars agree that ICTs holds a tremendous potential, but how is this implemented in development contexts and how can it be used with more sensitivity towards local preconditions and social aspects?This paper aims to examine how ICTs are being used in the context of development within an India based organisation for women called SEWA (Self Employed Women?s Association).

The aim of this study is to examine how girls from the discussion group "Coolt med koll" understand the phenomenon honor-related violence. The study is based upon three issues; how do our informants understand honor-related violence, where do the interviewed obtain information concerning honor-related violence and how do it affect their point of view, last but not least what do the girls know regarding children?s rights. The theoretical points of this study are theories about honor-related living conditions and radical feminist theory. The study is carried out through six semi-structured qualitative interviews, which all are conducted separately.

Uppsatsen syftar för det första till att applicera ekonomisk teori på patientskadeförsäkringssystem. Fyra viktiga teoretiska problem identifieras och analyseras: ansvarighetsproblemet, orsaksproblemet, informationsproblemet och ersättningsproblemet.För det andra är syftet att utifrån de teoretiska problemen beskriva patientskadeförsäkringssystemen i Sverige, Storbritannien och USA. Analysen avslutas med en jämförelse.Det tredje syftet är att diskutera och analysera möjliga förändringar i patientskadeförsäkringssystemen. Fokus ligger på systemens effektivitet.Policyimplikationerna som föreslås är för det första införandet av ett så kallat self-reportingsystem, som styr vårdgivarna att själva rapportera om skador.För det andra bör en slags självrisk utredas mer, och eventuellt få utrymme i patientskadeförsäkringssystemen.För det tredje föreslås en översyn av ersättningsnivåerna i patientskadeförsäkringssystemen, eftersom det är svårt att förklara dagens stora skillnader utifrån individers preferenser. Denna översyn bör ske med utgångspunkt från forskningen om betalningsviljan för ett QALY.

Denna uppsats har som syfte att statistiskt undersöka vilka variabler som har mest inflytande på prisbildningen på marknaden för begravningstjänster utifrån två spelteoretiska konkurrensmodeller där företagen konkurrerar i kvantitet.Sammanfattningsvis kan priset på en begravningstjänst i en kommun till viss del beskrivas utifrån modeller för kvantitetskonkurrens där priset delvis drivs av invånarnas betalningsvilja (medelförvärvs¬inkomst) dels av om marknadsledaren (Fonus) är etablerad i kommunen. I de fall marknadsledaren är etablerad i kommunen tycks priset på en begravningstjänst stiga upp till marknadsledarens prisnivå. Variabler vars inflytande inte statistiskt kunnat säkerställas på grund av ett alltför litet urval av empirisk data är de från antalet begravningsbyråer (konkurrenter) och antalet invånare per kvadratkilometer (marginalkostnad) i kommunen. Detta presenterade resultat gäller inte för storstadskommunerna Stockholm, Göteborg och Malmö..

Purpose: The purpose of this study has been to investigate whether Frennberg & Hanssons earlier study of anomalies still are correct, and if these are valid for certain sectors. Methodology: In an effort to find seasonal patterns on the Swedish exchange market, we have used the average daily returns. By using these patterns we have created investment strategies which have then been tested over a 10 year period. We also used t-tests to verify our results. Conclusions: We have been able to prove a change in the seasonal patterns that Frennberg & Hansson presented in their study.

Att bedöma och betygssätta företags kreditvärdighet är en stor och vinstbringande marknad. Ett företags kreditbetyg har visat sig ha stort inflytande när t ex lånevillkor behandlas. Detta ställer höga krav på kreditvärderingsföretagens förmåga att leverera korrekta analyser. Såväl långivare som investerare reagerar på ett ändrat kreditbetyg, vilket ger direkta effekter på det företag som betygssätts. Kreditvärderingsföretagen har kritiserats bland annat för att inte svara tillräckligt snabbt på ny information.

The focus of this research is to investigate how the client's emotions can affect the social worker and how the social worker manages these feelings in order to make the right decisions. We have used a qualitative approach in our investigation. We have interviewed six social workers at social welfare bureaux in southern Sweden. Our theories are ?Nai?ve Theory? and ?Affect Theory?.

New forms of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become more influential in development contexts. The concept of ?The Digital Divide? points at a large division between rich and poor countries regarding access to ICTs. Critics say that the debate concerning this topic for far too long has focused mainly on the technology itself rather than social factors which impact social inclusion and development. Scholars agree that ICTs holds a tremendous potential, but how is this implemented in development contexts and how can it be used with more sensitivity towards local preconditions and social aspects?This paper aims to examine how ICTs are being used in the context of development within an India based organisation for women called SEWA (Self Employed Women?s Association).

Trade is the driving force for economic development. A greater equity in international trade can improve the livelihoods and the well being of producers in developing countries. The small-scale farmers have limited resources and have difficulties to get access to the international market. As a result of this, the Fair Trade movement has been developed and has now formed a trading partnership between the producer and the consumer. This study analyses if the Fair Trade movement can be a way for the workers in developing countries to achieve more justice in their production manner in the international trade of cut flowers and continue to be an important competitor of these products, but with better livelihood conditions. My method has been to do a comprehensive literature study of the Fair Trade movement, in which I describe the certification process, and the market of Fair Trade in Sweden.

I have investigated the political culture of post-communist Russia. For a long time it has been assumed that, the history is of great importance in shaping the political culture. I wanted to find out if this was true, I chose to study the political culture of Russia. How great effects had the autocratically legacy of Soviet Union in the democratisation of Russia? My thesis show that the role of history isn't of such great importance, instead it's the Russian state that has had the greatest possibility of shaping the political culture of Russia but it failed.

This essay is questioning if the state as an unsecured creditor in a bankruptcy proceeding, according to the principle of equal treatment, has the same rights as the other unsecured creditors. The principle of equal treatment means that creditors with unsecured claims are supposed to have mutually equal rights to dividends in a bankruptcy. In the Swedish bankruptcy law from 1987 there are recycling rules which means that some legal actions taken by the bankrupt debtor before the bankruptcy can be recycled to the bankruptcy estate. These rules do not apply on taxes. This essay analyzes whether the state should have this advantage or not.

Abstract För att vi i fortsättningen skall kunna ha ett allmänt försäkringssystem med legitimitet, krävs det att tron på systemet är så pass stark att det inte finns en känsla av att det går att fuska sig till förmåner. Det handlar inte i första hand om att minska statens utgifter genom att reducera fel och fusk. Huvudmålet är snarare att minska felen och fusket för att upprätthålla rättsordningen och framförallt legitimiteten i systemet. Om inte denna legitimitet finns får vi ett bräckligt system som när som helst kan haverera. Syftet med uppsatsen är att analysera själva fenomenet bidragsfusk med hjälp av ekonomisk teori och göra en teoretisk analys av varför fusk förekommer.

The “peer to peer” (P2P) is a technology of downloading and filesharing between online - Internet - users by the mean of specified software. Since June 1999, the Napster software has made the happiness of millions of individuals who used it to obtain and share free audio files Mp3. Rapidly, the major recording companies have prosecuted the Napster Company and managed to force it to close down. They were arguing against it for it is supporting the development on a large scale traffic of files protected by copyright and thus was threatening the whole music and movies economic world. Since fast Internet connections multiplied, "peer to peer" software and networks improved, so that this mode of exchange became an unprecedented success. Today all cultural products, in particular films and music, are concerned with this free –of– charge distribution without any financial counterpart for the copyright holders. Two tools hold today the top ranks and concentrate large traffic: eDonkey and eMule.