Open ecosystems, such as grasslands and pastures, have naturally been shaped by disturbances like fire and grazing. These processes play a crucial role in creating habitats with high biological diversity, particularly favourable for a wide range of herbaceous plant species. In recent years, many of these disturbances have ceased, leading to encroachment, fragmentation and habitat loss. The aim of this study was to examine and compare the effects of fire, herbivory and a combination of fire and herbivory on the emergence of herbaceous plants. The study was conducted at the Ecopark at Nordens Ark.

Det finns en rad Functional Food produkter på marknaden och vi har valt att fokusera på probiotiska livsmedel. Syftet med arbetet var att kartlägga hur probiotiska produkter används i vården, av äldre, på vårdboenden i Malmö.Förundersökningen visade att 25 av 30 vårdboenden använde probiotika, men förståelsen för vad som menades med probiotika påverkade svaren. Vi valde att djupintervjua personal på sex kommunala vårdboenden och av resultatet framgår det att olika faktorer påverkar användningen av probiotika inom vården.I undersökningen kom det tydligt fram att det främsta användningsområdet för probiotiska livsmedel var att motverka mag- och tarmbesvär. Anledningen till användandet berodde dock på flera faktorer. Det tydligaste sambandet som framkom var mellan användning och informationskällor, dvs.

Wetlands are important ecosystems and form habitat for both common and threatened species. In Sweden, as well in many other places on earth, there is a lack of wetlands. There is an expressed will to adjust this lack through restoration of wetlands with reduced function and through construction of new wetlands. Follow-ups and evaluations are important steps to optimize these actions. The wetland Vattenparken was constructed 1999 ? 2000 for treatment of surface water.

The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of computer consumption among boys in ninth grade, and to see if there were any differences with regards to physical activity, sleeping habits, breakfast habits and BMI. The study has cross sectional design with a comparative and a quantitative structure and is based on a former study called ?Food & Health 2007?.  The respondents were represented by 181 boys in ninth grade, recruited from ten different schools in the county of Uppsala, who were answering questions about media consumption, breakfast habits, physical activity and sleeping habits. Daily computer consumption was reported up to one hour for 12 % of the respondents, one to three hours for 65 % and over three hours for 42 %. The boys who had a high physical activity level were less frequent in computer consumption while those who had a low physical activity level spent more time by the computer.

This work is about euthanasia and how to use it on horses, dogs and cats. A description for each animal is done, about when it is time, why, which methods can be used and who is allowed to use them, how and where it shall be done. The methods we have concentrated on are: - Chemical destruction and the most common drugs for euthanatize horses, dogs and cats. - Physical disruption of the brain activity by a captive bolt, only for horses. The captive bolt only makes the horse unconscious and must always be followed by cutting off the vena jugularis. Then the horse dies because of loss of blood. No matter which method used for euthanizing, the animal must be declared to be dead by the operator before other measures. The testing criteria for death: muscle relaxation and cyanosis, cessation of reflex activity and pupillary dilatation, cessation of respiratory activity and cessation of all cardiac activity.

The probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus reuteri DSM17938 was evaluated as a starter culture in cheese production, with the intention to produce a new interesting product within the functional food market. Growth and acidification rate in milk subjected to different heat treatments, as well as supplementation with growth promoting factors or support cultures was measured during controlled fermentations. The results showed that the weak proteolytic activity of L. reuteri could be compensated for by supplementation with 1% casamino acids or 5% MRS broth. Furthermore, a decrease in growth and acidification rate could be seen when using yoghurt culture or Lactobacillus delbrueckii as adjunct cultures.

Today we see a growing need and interest in working towards sustainable development. To be able to contribute to a sustainable development as individuals/business we need to emphasize the importance of education and contextualisation that learning occurs in a sense that is relevant to the learner.This is the background to this study, which in turn is the basis for an education that focuses on how to environmentally secure your purchases, an opportunity for us to set environmental standards purchasing products and services. The process for purchase is considered by many to be a key factor in businesses work towards sustainable development. Key people in this process and target audience for this education is environmental, purchasing and procurement managers.The purpose of this study is to design an education calledMiljösäkrade inköp from the target audiences? knowledge, interests and attitudes, together with literature.

The purpose of this study is to examine which factors played an important role in the food price crisis of 2007-2008. Theories used are Microeconomic theory, explaining changes in supply and demand, and Macroeconomic theory, explaining the impact of changes in exchange rate on prices. A theory regarding speculation is also used to explain the impact of speculative activities effects on price. The method used is multiple regression analysis in order to determine the effects which ethanol production, oil price and dollar exchange rate had on the surge in the price of corn, rice and wheat.The data used is in monthly observations during the period 2005-2008. However, other factors are taken into consideration during the study, such as production quantity, stock size, economic growth, speculative activity and population growth.

Stage-discharge equations for lakes without disharge measurementsSimon AnderssonIn 2015 all lakes, rivers, coastal water and groundwater should be of good ecological statusaccording to the water framework directive from the European Union. In the process ofimproving the quality of Swedish water bodies, knowledge of where problems occur isneeded in order to utilize the resources optimally. The ability of lakes to store water is animportant factor since it controls the flow of water through the country. A stage-dischargeequation is a mathematical relation between discharge from a lake and its water level. Bybetter understanding of stage-discharge equations for lakes, their storage capacity can bedescribed better in hydrological models.This master thesis aims to evaluate methods for determining stage-discharge equations forlakes where a variable amount of field measurements is available.

Bakgrund Mat- och måltidsituationen på äldreboenden är ett område som ofta diskuteras. Det är viktigt att inhämta kunskap om de äldres näringsintag, upplevelse av matsituationen och åsikter om smaken på maten för att bättre kunna möta deras behov och genomföra förbättringar på detta område.Syfte Syftet med studien var att undersöka mat och måltid på äldreboende. Fokus lades på de äldres smakupplevelse, måltidssituation samt näringsintag.Metod Dels en kvalitativ studie där halvstrukturerade intervjuer användes som datainsamlingsmetod och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys, dels en kvantitativ studie där den kvantitativa analysen genomfördes med hjälp av Dietist XP samt bilddokumentering.Resultat Den kvalitativa analysen resulterade i två kategorier: uppfattningen om maten och upplevelsen av måltidsmiljön. Nutritionsscreeningen visade att anpassning hade gjorts för dem som hade ätproblem. Näringsintaget visade att de äldre, med vissa undantag, uppnådde det rekommenderade intaget för måltiderna.Slutsats Genom att tänka på hur maten serveras kan aptiten påverkas, vilket i sin tur kan göra att de äldre får ett bra näringsintag.

This master thesis is about sustainable city planning and its debate. It is also concerned with networking, communication and web-based communication. Theories of sustainable development are discussed, along with the importance of communication for sustainable development. The report is directed towards landscape architects, architects, town planners, other designers and other interested readers.MotivationI believe that there is a need for an increased discussion concerning sustainability. Sustainable development is an important issue for city planners.

Hittills har nästan allt färskt kött, som sålts i Ica-butiker, styckats och paketerats i butikerna. Köttavdelningen hos de flesta Ica-butikerna har länge tampats med dålig lönsamhet, främst beroende på stort svinn och höga arbetskostnader. För att ändra på detta upprättade Ica tillsammans med Hilton Food Group (HFG) en anläggning i Västerås, där färskt kött finstyckas och paketeras, innan det levereras till merparten av landets Ica-handlare. Under hösten 2004 fick en del butiker sina första leveranser av så kallat kpk (konsumentpackat kött). Ica och HFG är intresserade av att se hur väl projektet slagit igenom. Denna studie är en uppföljning av projektet, och det syftar till att utreda hur lönsamheten i butikernas köttavdelning har ändrats sedan butikerna övergått till Icas kpk, samt utreda vad skillnaderna mellan butikernas lönsamhet beror på. Det empiriska materialet har insamlats genom att fyra Ica Supermarketbutiker och en Maxibutik i mellersta Sverige lämnat siffror om försäljning och kostnader i köttavdelningen. Data avser oktober - december 2004 och jämförs med samma variabler från motsvarande period 2003. Även intervjuer med butikspersonal har gjorts för att få en uppfattning om hur arbetssättet skiljer sig mellan butikerna. Studien bygger på transaktionskostnadsteorin, som förklarar hur Ica, HFG och Ica-butikerna genom vertikal integration kan undvika onödigt kostsamma transaktioner. Transaktionskostnadernas bestämningsfaktorer tillämpas på den situation, som Ica-butikerna hamnat i sedan företaget övergick att sälja Icas kpk. Precis som Ica hade förutsagt minskade butikernas kostnader vid övergången till Icas kpk.

This study explores the effects of two different post-treatment methods on stain reduction in glazed creamware from the late 20th century. The objects stains have been characterized by type one and type two stains which is the result of prolonged contact with food residues, were subjected to the same initial stain reduction. The two post-treatment methods examined are soaking the objects in deionized water and surface rinsing with deionized water. The comparative analysis included photographs under normal and UV-light exposure to assess stain visibility, weight measurements before and after treatments to monitor the absorption and evaporation of liquids, and observations throughout the experiment. The results revealed that while type two stains showed significant alterations after treatments, specifically after soaking, type one stains remained unaffected by both methods.

The amount of electricity is limited in Namibia and the large distance between towns andvillages complicates the energy supply in the country. Therefore an alternative way to provideaccess to appropriate energy technologies is needed. The Government of the Republic ofNamibia (GRN) has adopted an approach of helping off-grid households by establishing EnergyShops in each region in Namibia and these shops are going to sell basic renewable energy andenergy efficient products. The Renewable Energy Efficiency Institute in Namibia (REEEI), theinitiator of this thesis, is coordinating the establishment of these Energy Shops.The main purpose of this thesis was to examine the needs of energy products for the Namibianpopulation and develop an assessment method for the Energy Shop in how to select appropriateenergy products already on the world market. The purpose was also to develop a method forchoosing an Energy Shop.

Barn i åldrarna 4-9 år har tydliga önskemål kring hur de vill att deras restaurangbesök ska se ut. I samarbete med Barnens Bästa Bord har en kvalitativ studie gjorts med fokus på barns önskemål vid restaurangbesök. Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka barnens önskemål när de går på restaurang med hänsyn till hela måltidsupplevelsen gällande mat, miljö, meny och bemötande. Metoderna som har använts är bildövning där barn har ritat sin favoriträtt, fokusgruppintervjuer med barn samt enkätundersökningar med föräldrar.Resultatet visar att gemenskapen inom familjen är viktig för barnen vid restaurangmåltiden. Barnen är medvetna om att vid restaurangbesök önskas lugn och ro, dock är stillasittande ett problem för barnen.