The main purpose of this essay is to study the Swedish labor law concerning employees who are, aspire to be, or are expected to become parents, both men and women. Thereby accomplishing a gender perspective on the issue at hand. The study also take in to account the laws issued by the European Union, and their impact on the Swedish law system, so as to gain an international perspective. The laws regarding parental leave, both Swedish and European, involve protection for workers from being treated in a less favorable way than someone in a comparable situation, as employers are forbidden to disfavor any employee or job-seeker in basically all situations in the work place or in a recruiting context, if the disfavor is in any way related to the parental leave. The only situation where an employer is allowed to disfavor an employee regarding his or her parental leave, is if the disfavoring is a necessary consequent of the employee?s absence.

Background: A nurse who is working in the health care is expected to show the best side for other people. An emotional work demands a lot of the role of a nurse, when she has to deal with her feelings after the given situation to satisfy the patient.Aim: The purpose of the study is to seek understanding of what nurses perceive to be the essence of the emotional work in health care. The study also wants to understand what factors could affect the meeting both positively and negatively between nurse and patient in social interactionMethod: The study?s methodology is qualitative with phenomenological-hermeneutical approach to seek understanding of the six interviewed nurses lived experiences and the experiences of the emotional work.Results: The result has four main themes developed: Emotional management, to consider the patients existential needs, meeting the patient and to do something meaningful.Conclusion: The essence of the perceived emotional work for nurses is emotional transformation where the nurse changes her feelings by acting according to the situation in the meeting with the patient. It is important that nurses reflect in the work so they do not take their work home and become exhausted and burn out.Keywords: Emotional labour, emotional management, patient encounter, phenomenological-hermeneutical, existential needs, the essence, burn out.

När en mamma får diagnosen bröstcancer, drabbas inte bara mamman utan hela familjen. Syftet med studien var att belysa barns behov av stöd när mamman diagnostiserats för bröstcancer. Metoden som använts är en litteraturstudie av 14 vetenskapliga artiklar av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats. Resultatet har delats in under två teman: Känslomässiga behov och informativa behov. Det är viktigt att vuxna är ärliga mot barn i en svår situation som en mammas bröstcancer diagnos innebär.

Environmental management officers ? leadership and employeeship in local environmental health authorityThe purpose of this study was to illustrate the working situation of municipal environmental health management officers. This is a qualitative study where I have interviewed ten environmental officers in ten municipalities in Sweden. The interviews were based on a half structured interview guide with questions. I have interpreted the interviews through different leadership theories.

This paper aims to describe and discuss psychotherapy in rhetorical terms; in particular how psychotherapists can use their ethos, or person, as a means for convincing the patient, and subsequently discuss how these insights in turn can be useful for other rhetors.Classical rhetoric is commonly associated with one speaker exercising influence on an audience of many, but modern rhetoric is broader, and includes all situations where someone is attempting, by speech or in writing, to affect anyone, including the rhetor himself. With this broader definition, psychotherapy may also be considered a form of rhetoric. Psychotherapy does, however, highlight the aspect of power distribution, in that it is clear that it is up to the patient to determine whether the rhetoric will achieve its purpose or not, that is, if he will be influenced by it. In psychotherapy, it is also important to differentiate between persuading and convincing: for a permanent change to occur in the patient?s thoughts and actions, the deeper, "internal" form of conviction is necessary for change to take place.When attempting to convince an audience, it is important for the speaker to establish a credible ethos, that is, present a trustworthy persona.

The main purpose of this master?s thesis is to examine how high school students evaluate the quality of the information available on the online encyclopedia Wikipedia. By doing quantitative research based on questionnaires we expected to find that the means for judging that students use in this situation are most frequently based on a text?s intrinsic qualities in the point of view of its content. It was also our presupposition that 18 and 19 year old high school graduates have received some education in information research and authoritative sources on the Internet.

Purpose: The purpose is to research different co-operations between venue owners and WISPs, when WLAN is deployed in a public space. The aim is to establish viable business models for the interaction between the two vital actors in the public WLAN industry. In this work, the advantages and disadvantages of revenue and cost sharing will be defined, along with technical and commercial issues that need to be resolved. Methodology: A number of case studies of the current situation have been conducted in the most attractive venues for WLAN, airports. As the public WLAN market had most widespread adoption and is most mature in the USA, case airports were chosen both there and in Scandinavia.

Today it is mandatory for every college or university student to pay a union fee to their student?s union. The fee is mandatory and is a payment for writing examinations, receiving grades. The fees purpose is also intended to secure the education quality and student influence. In the presence of the abolishment of the union fee the Swedish student?s unions stand before an uprising competition between themselves and most likely a decrease in membership.

A considerable number young of students are suffering from sociopsychological complaints. The psychological complaints emerge from differnt sources. Important factors for psychological well being are experiences of a satisfactory social network, efficient coping strategies and a supportive school climate.The aim of this study was to examine how young girls in the age of 16-18 years old experience and cope with demands from school. To fulfill the aim of this study we have five questions: What do the girls apprehend as a satisfactory/unsatisfactory working environment? How do the girls define stress? How do the girls cope with stress? What importance has leisure time? What importance has the social network? The method we used for this study was qualitative and the material was collected through four focus groups.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionTitle: The effect of the glycemic index of breakfasts in energy intake inchildren and adolescentsAuthor: Charlotte Olofsson, Cornelia Johansson and Maria NordbeckSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 16, 2013Background: The glycemic index (GI) and it´s effect on energy intake is a debated subject.Research has been done whether food with lower GI decreases hunger and lowers energyintake, which could be an effective tool to prevent overweight in children and adolescents.Breakfast eating is successful for maintaining a healthy weight and it´s therefore interesting tosee if the quality of the carbohydrates matters.Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the effect of GI of breakfasts inchildren?s and adolescents energy intake.Search strategy: To find relevant articles, a systematic literature search was made in thedatabases PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. Search terms that were used were: breakfast,breakfast quality, children, glycemic index, energy intake, obesity.Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials and cohort trials, breakfast eatingindividuals, children and adolescents under 18 years old, reported glycemic index. Outcomemeasurements: Energy intake.Data collection and analysis: Six original articles met the inclusion criteria and werereviewed by the SBU audit template for randomized and controlled studies. There after onearticle was excluded because of very low quality of the study.

Det dör ca 90 000 människor varje år i Sverige. En del av dem dör i hemmet. Distriktssköterskan har omvårdnadsansvar för palliativ omvårdnad i kommunen. Den här studien baseras på nio intervjuer med distriktssköterskor inom kommunal hemsjukvård i tre olika kommuner. Syftet med studien är att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenheter i kommunikation med patienter i kommunal hemsjukvård.

Bakgrund: Njurarna har en mängd livsviktiga funktioner såsom bl.a. reglering av kroppsvätskornas sammansättning, styrning av elektrolytbalansen och bildning av röda blodkroppar. Hemodialys är en behandling där kroppen renas från slaggprodukter och överflödig vätska tas bort. Sjukdomen kräver även diet- och vätskerestriktioner. Behandlingen är både tidskrävande och påfrestande för kroppen vilket leder till att patientens hela livssituation påverkas.Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hemodialyspatienters upplevelse av sin livssituation.Metod: Litteraturstudien baserades på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserades med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys.Resultat: Resultatet visade att patienternas livssituation påverkades.

Bakgrund: Årligen drabbas 30 000 personer i Sverige av stroke. Det är den vanligaste orsaken till funktionsnedsättning och de som drabbas är i behov av långa vårdtider. Den forskning som finns tillgänglig belyser främst patienters upplevelser i det tidiga skedet efter att ha drabbats av stroke.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa hur personer upplever sin livsvärld efter att ha drabbats av stroke.Metod: Studien utgick från en kvalitativ ansats. Fem självbiografier valdes för att belysa personers upplevelser av att drabbas av stroke. Analysen gjordes utifrån Lundman och Graneheims kvalitativa innehållsanalys.Resultat: Det framkom att de drabbade genomgick stora förändringar i livet.

Bakgrund: Den palliativa vårdens främsta syfte är att främja patienters välbefinnande och den ska utmärkas av integritet och värdighet. Tack vare den allt mer avancerade hemsjukvården finns möjligheten för fler palliativa patienter att vårdas i hemmet. Detta ställer krav på sjuksköterskors och närståendes kompetens. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva närståendes upplevelser samt behov av stöd i palliativ hemsjukvård. Metod: En litteraturstudie utfördes där tretton kvalitativa studier granskades och analyserades enligt Friberg (2006).

The main purpose of the study was to analyse the well being of children placed in foster care for at least two years, in one sample municipality. An assessment was made of how the social service admistrated and took responsibility for these children in terms of schooling, physical and mental health. To further understand the situation of the children three areas of investigation were added concerning; teenage pregnancy, the mental health and mortality of the biological parents. To receive answers to those questions a qualitative interview method was used, with structured questions to social workers working with foster care. The author also studied journal notes and child investigations to receive a more comprehensive picture.