Effekten av frukostens glykemiska index på energiintag hos barn och ungdomar
Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionTitle: The effect of the glycemic index of breakfasts in energy intake inchildren and adolescentsAuthor: Charlotte Olofsson, Cornelia Johansson and Maria NordbeckSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 16, 2013Background: The glycemic index (GI) and it´s effect on energy intake is a debated subject.Research has been done whether food with lower GI decreases hunger and lowers energyintake, which could be an effective tool to prevent overweight in children and adolescents.Breakfast eating is successful for maintaining a healthy weight and it´s therefore interesting tosee if the quality of the carbohydrates matters.Objective: To evaluate the scientific evidence regarding the effect of GI of breakfasts inchildren?s and adolescents energy intake.Search strategy: To find relevant articles, a systematic literature search was made in thedatabases PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. Search terms that were used were: breakfast,breakfast quality, children, glycemic index, energy intake, obesity.Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials and cohort trials, breakfast eatingindividuals, children and adolescents under 18 years old, reported glycemic index. Outcomemeasurements: Energy intake.Data collection and analysis: Six original articles met the inclusion criteria and werereviewed by the SBU audit template for randomized and controlled studies. There after onearticle was excluded because of very low quality of the study. The strength of evidence wasevaluated using the GRADE system.Main results: There is some evidence that a breakfast with lower GI contributes to a lowerenergy intake in the next meal for children and adolescents. The strength of evidence for thisis low (++). Two studies show that a meal with lower GI results in a lower energy intake inthe next coming meal, than after a meal with higher GI. The other three studies show nosignificant difference.Conclusions: The scientific ground for recommending a breakfast with low GI for childrenand adolescents, regarding reducing energy intake, is inadequate. More studies with longerduration are required to get better evidence. There is low evidence (++) that a breakfast withlower GI gives a lower energy intake in the next coming meal than a breakfast with higher GI.