Munvård är en viktig del i vårdpersonalens utförande av omvårdnad. Om den uteblir skapas snabbt ett lidande för patienten. Trots detta har det via studier visat sig vara den intervention som vård-personal ofta väljer att försaka. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturöversikt var att beskriva faktorer som påverkar utförandet av munvård hos patienter inom slutenvård och kommunala bo-enden. Sexton vetenskapliga artiklar med både kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats har legat till grund för analysen som resulterade i sju faktorer som påverkade munvården.

Ångestsyndrom tillhör den vanligaste psykiatriska problematiken hos barn. Ångestsyndrom börjar ofta i tidig ålder, medför stort lidande och predicerar psykiatrisk problematik senare i livet. Det är viktigt att undersöka hur ångestsyndrom kan förebyggas eftersom få barn med denna problematik kommer i kontakt med behandling. Syftet med studien var att undersöka om FRIENDS, ett preventionsprogram från Australien, fungerar i en svensk kontext. Femtio barn i nioårsåldern undervisades i FRIENDS under tio lektioner.

Opioids are considered the "golden standard" in pain management for both humans and small animals, but is used less often in equine medicine - probably for fear of side effects. Are there any studies that suggest that side effects are a major problem, or is it lack of experience which is the greatest obstacle to use? As early as 1937 it was shown that morphine and morphine derivatives provide analgesia in horses. For species other than horses used opioids often both pre-, intra-and postoperatively. They relieve pain effectively and are often included in the anesthesia protocol.

The world is getting smaller. Global markets, political processes and communication technology bring people together. Even though many of these processes are dynamic and constructive, they have also resulted in a need for better and more effective ways of international conflict resolution. This thesis investigates central issues connected to the concept of humanitarian interventions in relation to current and future legislation of the European Union. The overall question is whether the rapid globalization process has resulted in a change of international law towards more liberal view where authorization of the security council is not always needed? And, if there has actually been such a liberalization, how does that affect the legal possibilities for the European Union to carry out armed operations without the consent of the global community? The conclusion of the thesis is that international law has been modified mainly in two aspects: First, the concept of sovereignty is no longer seen merely as a right of the nation, but also as a responsibility.

The classical age cities of Palenque and Tikal where ones great Mayan bastions with extraordinary architecture.  This architecture still fascinates modern archaeologies and historians alike. Still much of the architecture in the Mayan cities had the same style and function, but could diverse from town to town. This is the case of Palenque and Tikal. They share much of their buildings like temples, palaces and ball courts.

Many questions are still left unanswered regarding the period c. 450-700 AD, when hordes of Anglo-Saxon migrants landed on the British Isles and by doing so made the starting point in the foundation of England. Who were these Germanic tribes? The theories of how the migration proceeded are today many. The two major theories today concerns whether it was a question of a mass migration or a gradual migration proceeded by smaller groups of military elite.

To accomplish my purpose about where bullying is emerging and how bullying utter it is self and if the educationist consideration disposes conform to the students, i chose two classes from two different schools. With the help of the students thought and speculations and with the educationalists answers, I come to a result. I want to add that my results agreed with the early scientists? research. The results also confirmed by literature and by theories that showed in my result.

The regulations for energy consumption are consistently getting more and morestrict. This leads to a higher customer demand for energy analysis early in the buildingdesign process. Many building planners and architects use powerful modeling softwareto visualize their projects. These digital models contain sufficient information aboutthe building?s physical characteristics for reliable energy analysis.

Det huvudsakliga syftet med studien var att belysa hur en period av intensiv lästräning påverkar elevers läsning i årskurs 2. Träningen sker i form av parläsning av ordlistor och skönlitteratur kopplat till sång på stavelser, arbete med att komma på ord som börjar med vissa stavelser samt att läraren undervisar i lässtrategier. Två grupper arbetar med träningen, där en av grupperna, kallad gröna gruppen, arbetar med samtliga delar och den andra gruppen, kallad gula gruppen, arbetar med sång på stavelser och lässtrategier. Jag ville även ta del av elevernas upplevelser av lästräningen. Tidigare interventionsforskning visar att det gynnar resultatet om det är bredd på interventionen, om flera förmågor övas samtidigt. De båda grupperna som deltog i projektet som varade i tre veckor ökade sin avkodningsförmåga ungefär lika mycket.

Det aktuella arbetet fokuserade på omvårdnadsåtgärder för närstående som vid tragiska omständigheter hade förlorat en anhörig. Syftet med denna studie var att sammanställa kunskap om sjuksköterskors omvårdnadsinterventioner i det akuta krisskedet för närstående som hastigt förlorat en anhörig. Integrerad litteraturöversikt valdes som metod för denna studie, som omfattade 5kvalitativa, 2 kvantitativa och 3 översiktsstudier samt 1 studie med blandad kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod. Vid analysen identifierades 6 omvårdnadsinterventioner: att ge emotionellt stöd och praktisk rådgivning; att förbereda närstående att ta emot information om anhöriges död; att visa respekt och omtanke om människan; att ge hjälp att ta beslut om att se eller inte se den avlidnes kropp; att identifiera närståendes individuella behov och ge stöd efter behov samt att underlätta sorgbearbetning genom tillfredsställande av andliga behov. Det framkom att en av den vanligaste omvårdnadsinterventionerna var att ge emotionellt stöd och praktisk rådgivning till närstående i det akuta krisläge då de får information om sin anhöriges död..

Under graviditeten uppstår vanligen viss oro från lättare funderingar till uttalad rädsla inför förlossningen. Föreliggande studie är en randomiserad, kontrollerad pilotstudie i syfte att undersöka om en förberedelsemodell i gruppformat baserad på ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) kan påverka upplevelsen före förlossningen hos gravida kvinnor med viss förlossningsoro jämfört med en kontrollgrupp. Behandlingsgruppen bestod av 12 gravida kvinnor vilka uppdelade i tre grupper deltog i fyra gruppsamtal. Kontrollgruppen bestod av tio gravida kvinnor som vid ett tillfälle erhöll information och psykoedukation. För utvärdering av behandlingen mättes graden av självskattad oro och rädsla inför förlossningen, graden av självskattad ångest och depression, tendensen att undvika obehagliga upplevelser samt upplevelse av hälsa och livskvalitet.

The purpose of my study was to find out how staff in after-school activities thinks they work with norms and values, we may call this values education, and how this in turn may influence children's norms and values. By extension, how children are socialized with each other and develop socially. In my research, I have interviewed five of the after-school activities staff who work with children aged 6-9 years at a school in the neighbourhood Rinkeby-Kista in northwestern Stockholm.The results show that after-school activity according to the staff can play a very important and sometimes crucial role in children's social development. Staff believes that if they do not learn the social rules by participating in playing and games in early childhood, when growing up they are outside and cannot participate. By their pedagogical approaches, in terms of values and norms, the adults in after-school activities can help children to become socialized into a community of solidarity and eventually as adults become responsible citizens able to function and participate in society..

AbstractMy purpose with this essey is to study how they work in preschool whir language- stimulation. I will try a way to work with this trough intervjus whit teacher at preschool. My main questions are: Way dose teachers use language- stimulation? How dose teachers use language- stimulation when it comes to there way of working and methods? Do the teachers think that language- stimulation help the childrens development?To answer these questions I interviewed 6 teachers I central Sweden and used this as data. I have written about language, language- development in a biologik and theoretical aspect, teachers plan, language- stimulation, playing by language sounds and TRAS (early registration of language development) in my literary review.My result shows that working whit language- stimulation helps children in there language- development, it also develops there self-image and identity.

SUMMARY Establish a pasture There is many valuable nature and culture landscapes in Sweden that has developed during a long period of time, throw natural processes or human use. Unfortunately lot of these are disappearing. My thought with this work is to explore the possibility to establish new areas with similar qualities. The motive for this is that attractive countryside biotopes are well worth to use as model to enrich the urban landscape. Another thought has concerned the people that establish, build and manage landscapes and parks. They often have varied views, both coming from a difference in background and previous experiences.

An instrument for assessing children's attitude towards speech,communication, and communicative participation suitable for children withcleft lip and palate has been missing in speech- and language pathology. Inthe present study a new instrument Självsvarsformulär Om Tal OchKommunikation was tested on typically developed school children. The aimwas to obtain norm values for children in grade 4 and 7 and to examine thereliability and validity of the instrument. 104 children participated. Data wascollected in groups of 5-6 children.