Today automatic milking systems (AMS) are growing in popularity. In these systems the cows are loose and have to get to the robot and the feed on their own. The cows ranking in this system affect their welfare. In this study data from seven years in an AMS was used and analysed. The aim was to investigate how ranking could affect the behaviour of the cows at milking and at feeding.

Stereotypic pacing is frequently observed in captive carnivores, however the underlying causes of this behaviour remain somewhat unclear. One of these possible causes are unpredictable feeding signals, which may give rise to frustration and subsequent pacing. Animal keepers at Nordens Ark had noticed that their Amur leopards had shown stereotypic pacing in connection to the passing of ATVs (All Terrain Vehicles) used by animal keepers primarly when feeding the animals in the park. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the stereotypic pacing of the two Amur leopards at Nordens Ark were affected by the introduction of a signal associated with feeding. The leopards were trained by classical conditioning to associate the sound of a siren with the delivery of food by an animal keeper.

Vid byggprojektering skall flera krav på byggnaden uppfyllas, alltifrån konstruktionens bärförmåga till en bra inomhusmiljö. Byggnaden skall även vid eventuell brand vara utformad så att människorna som vistas där inte utsätts för fara. Kraven är funktionsbaserade vilket innebär att kravet är ett tillfredställande skydd medan utformningen av den tekniska lösningen är fri. I och med att den tekniska lösningen är fri kan innovativa kostnadseffektiva lösningar eftersträvas. En del av brandskyddet ligger i utformningen av ventilationssystemet, där brandgasspridning mellan brandceller inte är önskvärt eftersom brandgaser äventyrar personsäkerheten.

Vaccination of fish can be assumed to cause pain. This study was designed to see if we can minimize the suffering of fish following vaccination. Fishes are cold-blooded animals and thus more primitive than warm-blooded animals. Despite this, many organs, e.g. the nervous system, have the same basic structure as that of other vertebrates. The fibre system for conducting pain is more diffuse than in humans.

This work is intended primarily for animal nurses/veterinary technicians and describe parts of the rabbits digestive tract, causes of gastrointestinal disease, symptoms, diagnosis, general care of rabbits with gastrointestinal disease and how to prevent that gastrointestinal illness occur. The work is largely based on literature studies but also on a questionnaire sent out to rabbit owners to get answers on how they generally hold and care of rabbits, which gastrointestinal diseases that are most common, how owners care for their animals at home during illness and to examine if the owners think that the knowledge of this subject is good at his veterinarian/clinic.The purpose of this work is to improve the skills of animal nurses but also to improve the skills of owners through competent advice from animal nurses.The result show that gastrointestinal disease often is caused due to improper feeding and care of rabbits and therefore is advices from animal nurses an important part of preventive care. Animal nurses are also an important part of treatment of rabbits with gastrointestinal disease when supportive care as fluid therapy, supportive feeding and supply of a stress free environment is important for the animals to recover..

At present indoor tethering of dairy cows is still common but is not predicted to take part of modern dairy production. When conducting scientific studies of cattle it is generally necessary to tether the animals to maintain a controlled environment. Studies confirm that tethering and confinements of cattle severely affects the development of stereotypies in cattle. The feeding regime and feeding level have an immense affect on the stereotypi level in cattle. The aim of this experiment was to study dairy heifers that had never been tethered before the start of the experiment, to evaluate the affect of tethering on the development of stereotypies and the impact of the feeding regime on the behavior of the animals. Sixteen dairy heifers were tethered in a tie stall and divided in two groups with different treatments. Heifers in treatment E were fed restrictedly with silage and treatment EH was fed with the same amount of silage but also straw ad libitum.

Vårt syfte med uppsatsen är att tillföra kunskap om vad det är som gör att ansvariga i en organisation väljer att avveckla Balanced Scorecard (BSC) när det är under drift. Vi har genomfört fem intervjuer med respondenter i olika organisationer för att försöka förklara varför de ansvariga i organisationen väljer att avveckla ett BSC under drift.I vår avslutande figur har vi visat att avveckling av BSC finner sin grund i tre olika stadier som påvisar att BSC avvecklas. Det är inte enbart i implementeringen som BSC avvecklas, utan även i den föregående fasen och framförallt under driften av BSC. Den föregående fasen som vi valt att kalla förutsättningarna syftar på det som rådde vid införandet, det vill säga den kunskap och information som de ansvariga hade innan de började implementera BSC. Det har länge forskats kring vilka implementeringsmisslyckanden som ansvariga i organisationer kan utsättas för.

Revisorns roll har varit ett omdebatterat a?mne under en la?ngre tid betra?ffande hur va?l de genomfo?r sina fo?rpliktelser som revisor. I samband med de redovisningsskandaler som har uppma?rksammats de senaste decennierna har det framkommit att revisorn haft en passiv roll och medverkat till att utomsta?ende intressenter har erha?llit felaktig information.En revisor ska i samband med en granskning fo?rha?lla sig i enlighet med revisionsstandard ISA 570, som bero?r redovisningsprincipen fortsatt drift. Antagandet om fortsatt drift inneba?r att ett fo?retag anses fortsa?tta sin verksamhet under o?verska?dlig framtid.

SammanfattningRapporten innehåller en utredning om, hur och på vilket sätt, det är möjligt att minska det reaktiva effektuttaget vid Metsä Boards fabrik i Husum. Detta är inget problem i normalfallet, men om någon av fabrikens tre turbiner på grund av till exempel service inte är i drift så kan det reaktiva effektuttaget bli för stort enligt avtal med elnätsägaren. Om elnätsägarens gräns överskrids måste en straffavgift betalas per varje överskridet kVAr, vilket Metsä vill undvika. Fokus för arbetet ligger på fabrikens papperbruk eftersom detta är problemområdet.Efter genomgång av enlinjescheman och olika mätutrustningar som finns belägna i fabriken inses att det är mest lämpligt att kompensera i anslutning till bestrykningsmaskinen (BM1). Bestrykaren är den enda linjen på pappersbruket som inte har faskompenseringsutrustning.För att hålla sig inom nätägarens gräns beräknades att faskompensering med en kapacitet på 15 MVAr räcker.

In Automatic Milking Systems (AMS), cows are kept in a free stall barn equipped with one or several milking units (MU). The cows? activities in the system are called cow traffic. There are three types of cow traffic systems: guided, partly-guided and free. Free systems have no gates, allowing the cows access to the feeding and resting areas at any time.

Good feeding practices are a basic aspect of good calf health. During the calf's first few months the calf is fed with purchased milk replacer or raw milk straight from the cow. On all farms, it will be a surplus of milk that may not be delivered to the dairy for various reasons. Milk that may not be supplied to the dairy includes colostrum and milk with unnormal properties, including milk from cows suffering from mastitis. This study investigated the possibility of improving the milk by pasteurization in order to secure its use as feed for calves and thereby obtain an improved calf health.

This work is intended primarily for animal nurses/veterinary technicians and describe parts of the rabbits digestive tract, causes of gastrointestinal disease, symptoms, diagnosis, general care of rabbits with gastrointestinal disease and how to prevent that gastrointestinal illness occur. The work is largely based on literature studies but also on a questionnaire sent out to rabbit owners to get answers on how they generally hold and care of rabbits, which gastrointestinal diseases that are most common, how owners care for their animals at home during illness and to examine if the owners think that the knowledge of this subject is good at his veterinarian/clinic.The purpose of this work is to improve the skills of animal nurses but also to improve the skills of owners through competent advice from animal nurses.The result show that gastrointestinal disease often is caused due to improper feeding and care of rabbits and therefore is advices from animal nurses an important part of preventive care. Animal nurses are also an important part of treatment of rabbits with gastrointestinal disease when supportive care as fluid therapy, supportive feeding and supply of a stress free environment is important for the animals to recover..

Abstract The benthic macroinvertebrate fauna of 22 natural springs on Öland was sampled, by using a time-standarized kick/sweep sampling technique, in the end of September and early October. The aim was to determine the number of species and their abundances in the macroinvertebrate communities in springs and how/why these may change between different springs. Likewise there was a purpose to investigate possible differences between springs considering the proportions of the number of species and the abundances of the five functional feeding groups; shredders, collectors, filter-feeders, scrapers and predators. There was also an aim to investigate if the distances betweeen springs had any influence on similarity between the communities of benthic macroinvertebrates of the springs. Analysis from the springs collected material showed several interesting patterns in the number of species and their abundances when compared between springs devided into groups depending on their environmental factors such as depth and pH.

AIMS AB is a Swedish company that develops and sells inertial sensor systems. A new product is under research which basically is an aided inertial navigation system where unwanted drift is eliminated. This can be done by integrating a GPS reciever into the system and fuse measurement data from GPS and IMU. Such a product is useful in racing, where engineers always are searching for the optimal performance and the shortest lap times. Today the only feedback the engineers and mechanics get from their work is the driver?s comments and lap times.

During one week (9-13 May, 2005) the use of veterinary diets for the hospitalised patients att the University clinic was registered. The animal owners were interviewed by telephone six months later about the feeding after coming home. Four out of ten animal owners answered yes to the question if the veterinarian had asked what food their animal normally consumed. Out of 35 animals, 15 (43%) were prescribed to a veterinary diet. Among cats it was 8 out of 14 (57%) and among dogs it was 7 out of 21 (33%). Four animals out of ten were recommended a veterinary diet when going home, but 20% did not follow the recommendation all the way through and stopped feeding their animal the veterinary diet. Reasons that were given was that the diet didn't last the entire period, that the animal didn't need the diet anymore according to the owner and one dog that became to lean when fed the diet. The diagnosis for these three dogs was vomiting, foreign body in the digestive system and bloody diarrhoea.