This master thesis is an in-depth study of an existing heating system at a household cooperative in Uppsala that has been converted from district heating to a bedrock heat pump system. The study focuses on an economical system optimisation of the building?s complete heating system. The aim was to determine how well a heat pump system in large buildings actually work, find out possible ways to optimize the existing system and point out important system parameters for new heat pump installations in larger buildings.The project points out a possible energy cost reduction of 45 % without investment and further cost reductions with equipment investments. A reduction by 30 % is possible by improvements in the regulation system and 15 % is possible by maintaining the brine system.

For the last 50 years the amount of available consumer goods has exploded in number, due to improvements in production and technology. The problem is that the overall sales of many categories are stagnant and retailers are unwilling to grant the categories more shelf space. Therefore many categories are crowded with products and hard for consumers to navigate in. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of an assortment reduction on several variables relating to assortment perceptions, customer satisfaction and store choice. The study was carried out as an experiment with 127 participants.

Genom analys av grammatiken i tal av Walter Erkas, bördig från den estlandssvenska ön Odensholm, har jag i denna uppsats försökt göra en översiktlig men ändå så heltäckande beskrivning som möjligt av den språkliga strukturen i detta mål. Framträdande drag i denna har varit böjning av substantiv och adjektiv i tre genus samt pluralböjning av verb. Såväl ålderdomliga som nyskapande grammatiska drag har framträtt i talet och således tycks målet kunna studeras utifrån flera perspektiv. Vid sidan av grammatiken har jag analyserat Walter Erkas uttal och dessa analyser tillsammans har lett mig till slutsatsen att de flesta estlandssvenska dragen har varit förhållandevis väl bevarade i dennes språkbruk, trots lång tid med standardsvenska som vardagsspråk.   Slutligen har en jämförelse mellan Walter Erkas tal på holmbomål och tal på närliggande estlandssvenska dialekter gjorts för att finna särskiljande drag för holmbomålet. Jag har inte kunnat dra några helt säkra slutsatser av denna jämförelse, men en rad antydningar med olika starka belägg har framkommit, vilka möjligen och förhoppningsvis kan öppna upp för vidare studier.

ABSTRACTBackground: Most cases of lumbar disc herniation are asymptomatic. When symptomatic, LDH may cause a significant physical and mental distress. Initially, most patients are treated conservative but sometimes operations may be required.Aim: The aim of this study was to provide a review of the scientific basis of physiotherapy, including behavioural therapy, as a treatment to lumbar disc herniation regarding pain, function and the size of disc herniation in people suffering from lumbar disc herniation.Method: Four databases were used in the searches of literature. Assessment of the validity of the studies was done with the PEDro-scale and valuation of evidence rate was made according to guidelines made by the Swedish Council on Health Technology Assessment (SBU).Result: Nine RCT-studies were included with a total of 713 participants. The scientific basis is moderate to support a pain reduction and limited regarding improvement of physical function when it comes to physical exercises, including MDT.

AbstractAimThe aim of the pilot study was to compare short- and long-term effects from group exercise in water with land-based exercise on pain at rest and pain with movement, along with the effects on function in daily life and practice of sports and leisure activities in patients with knee osteoarthritis. The aims were: Is there a difference in short- and long-term effects on pain intensity at rest and pain with movement after exercise in water or land in patients with knee osteoarthritis? Is there a correlation between the degree of pain intensity at rest and with movement, respectively and long-term effects from the two different exercises on function in daily life and practice of sports and leisure? MethodThe study was a randomized intervention study without a control group. Twenty patients with radiographic knee osteoarthritis were under a total of eight weeks treated with either land- or water-based exercise lead by a physiotherapist. The patients rated pain intensity at rest and with movement on a numerical rating scale (NRS) before and after the first training session, before and after the eighth training session, before and after the fifteenth training session and before the last and sixteenth training session.

Genom analys av grammatiken i tal av Walter Erkas, bördig från den estlandssvenska ön Odensholm, har jag i denna uppsats försökt göra en översiktlig men ändå så heltäckande beskrivning som möjligt av den språkliga strukturen i detta mål. Framträdande drag i denna har varit böjning av substantiv och adjektiv i tre genus samt pluralböjning av verb. Såväl ålderdomliga som nyskapande grammatiska drag har framträtt i talet och således tycks målet kunna studeras utifrån flera perspektiv. Vid sidan av grammatiken har jag analyserat Walter Erkas uttal och dessa analyser tillsammans har lett mig till slutsatsen att de flesta estlandssvenska dragen har varit förhållandevis väl bevarade i dennes språkbruk, trots lång tid med standardsvenska som vardagsspråk.   Slutligen har en jämförelse mellan Walter Erkas tal på holmbomål och tal på närliggande estlandssvenska dialekter gjorts för att finna särskiljande drag för holmbomålet. Jag har inte kunnat dra några helt säkra slutsatser av denna jämförelse, men en rad antydningar med olika starka belägg har framkommit, vilka möjligen och förhoppningsvis kan öppna upp för vidare studier.

Background: outsourcing is one of the most obvious and continuous trends that has been able to study during the past ten years and also has had a strong development in the industry. What consequences will follow from an extended outsourcing? Purpose: the study?s overall purpose is to investigate what possibilities and risks that can be connected to an outsourcing decision and how the order of the service will handle the risks. The study will also investigate what management philosophy that will be used and regulate the outsourcing relation and how the company?s strategy will affect the decision and how the process of outsourcing will look like.

This report is written on commission by WSP Acoustics. The report studies the outdoor sound levels on school yards in Stockholm. The questions given by the company to be answered was what are the actual sound levels at diffrent school yards with low traffic noise and how can you construct a facade element that reduces the sound level from the outside and meet the indoor requirements. Mesurements for four hours was done at eight schools set north and south of the city centre. The measurement period included one school break and one lunch break.

This master thesis has been done in cooperation with Sweco Viak AB in Sundsvall. The aimwith the project is to investigate the purifying effect of percolation filter due to iron andmanganese. The overall goal was to investigate how the parameters surface load,sandfractions, and burden time affect the purifying effect. The expectation is to optimize thedesign and find a demouldning of the filter that gives sufficient purifying with a highersurface load. As an attempt to accelerate the curing of the filter, experiments with a layer ofsand which surface has been covered with manganese ore (MnO2) on top of the filter havebeen done.As test filters 10 L bars were used and the experimental work was performed at thewaterworks in Hassela and Munkbysjön.In Hassela different sandfractions were tested.

This report is an inventory of the street lighting in half of the residential estates owned by Karlstad Bostads AB, a public housing company. The inventory was made to reduce the environmental impact of the street lighting. From the inventory an estimation of the total installed power and the energy consumption was made. The total estimated power of the street lighting was 125 kW and the energy consumption was 500 000 kWh/year with an estimated running time of 4 000 h/year. The dominating source of light was 125 W discharge mercury lamps.

Denna uppsats är en studie av eventuella likheter mellan Pär Lagerkvist tidiga prosa och stildrag hos den tyska expressionismen, som hade sin blomstringstid samtidigt som Lagerkvist publicerade sina första samlingar med prosa och poesi. Jämförelser har tidigare gjorts, främst gällande lyriken och har då visat på flera gemensamma drag. Denna uppsats jämför prosatexter ur Lagerkvists tre tidiga samlingar Motiv (1914), Ångest (1916) och Kaos (1919) med centrala drag för den tyska expressionismen. Dessa omfattar nutidskänslan, fokuseringen på det subjektiva, verkligheten som mardröm och kritik mot det borgerliga. Andra motiv som behandlas är de groteska inslagen, vitalismen, sinnessjukdomen, Fader-Son-konflikten och kriget..

Genom analys av grammatiken i tal av Walter Erkas, bördig från den estlandssvenska ön Odensholm, har jag i denna uppsats försökt göra en översiktlig men ändå så heltäckande beskrivning som möjligt av den språkliga strukturen i detta mål. Framträdande drag i denna har varit böjning av substantiv och adjektiv i tre genus samt pluralböjning av verb. Såväl ålderdomliga som nyskapande grammatiska drag har framträtt i talet och således tycks målet kunna studeras utifrån flera perspektiv. Vid sidan av grammatiken har jag analyserat Walter Erkas uttal och dessa analyser tillsammans har lett mig till slutsatsen att de flesta estlandssvenska dragen har varit förhållandevis väl bevarade i dennes språkbruk, trots lång tid med standardsvenska som vardagsspråk.   Slutligen har en jämförelse mellan Walter Erkas tal på holmbomål och tal på närliggande estlandssvenska dialekter gjorts för att finna särskiljande drag för holmbomålet. Jag har inte kunnat dra några helt säkra slutsatser av denna jämförelse, men en rad antydningar med olika starka belägg har framkommit, vilka möjligen och förhoppningsvis kan öppna upp för vidare studier.

The failure of Structural Adjustment Programs and its neoliberal policies to effectively reduce poverty have led to the creation of Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) by The World Bank and International Monetary Fund. PRSP, connected to both the Comprehensive Development Strategy and the HIPC initiative, are built on the notion of national ownership and stakeholder participation and thereby expand potential conditionality to include matters of governance. This thesis examines the evolution of PRSP and how the process of participation affects national governance structures. By analyzing the role of rules and norms within the World Bank and IMF from a historical point of view the thesis explains why the participation process has developed the way it has. It concludes that neoliberal norms, still at heart within the World Bank and IMF, have an impact on the process of participation within nation states and thereby its governance structure.

Obesity and overweight is the worst public health related disease today, and it is a constantly increasing problem in societies all over the world. In Sweden the number of overweight persons has been doubled in the last 20 years. Today about 500 000 persons suffer from obesity and overweight.The aim of this study was to investigate obese and overweight people´s thoughts and wishes regarding what support they would like, in order to be able to successfully manage a weightreduction. The study is qualitative and conducted through six interviews, the material was analysed with content analysis. The result of the analysed interviews led to four categories:offered support, wished support, are you strong enough to find support by your own and mental wellbeing.The conclusion of this study is that overweight person?s biggest wish is to get continuous and personal support from the health care system.

The forest property Fagerdal 2:10 was donated to the Swedish University of Agriculture in 1995 by Erik Rönnberg. The dominating species is Norwegian spruce (Picea Abies) and the average age is high due to selective cutting. The aim of this study has been to analyze how the forest on the property should be managed and demonstrate how a better estimated forest data affects the future management. The impact of the management on the carbon stock of the property was also examined. A forestry plan established in 2009 by Skogssällskapet was used as a basis for the analyses.