Discussions about the democratic deficit of the European Union have gotten more intense and the criticism usually points towards a great gap between the citizens and the EU politics. In this study the political communication policy is being put under the scope to investigate to what extent the policy is designed to counter the democratic deficit, supported by the theory of deliberative democracy. The analysis examines three aspects of the deficit ? decentralization, participation and the distribution of information ? and makes research into the communicative measures that have been implemented. The importance for EU to make deliberation possible is stressed throughout the essay and in the conclusion I argue that improvements still need to be made.  .

The purpose with this project is to compare different fuels when investing in a central combustion station at a case study farm. I have chosen to write about biofuel from an economical perspective. This because the heating costs are steadily increasing. Also because the farm in this case study has several different heating systems, which are neither profitable nor easy to work with. I have made calculations regarding usage of splinter, wood and grain for the heating system.

The situation at Plastal AB is following; the plant in Simrishamn has not capacity enough but the plant in Kristinehamn has unused capacity. My task with this master thesis is to build a logistic flow between this two plants, optimize purchase quantities and ensure delivery safety.The production of the Intermediate Section (LS) will be divided between the plants. The LS will be produced in the following way; the injection moulding process will be done in Simrishamn and the assembling and lacquering processes in Kristinehamn, The reason to divide the production is to ensure delivery safety. Plastal AB can not move the whole production of the l.S because the two plants have different processes (moulding res. injection moulding).When the 1.5 has been transported to Kristinehamn following moments are included in this order; lacquering, welding and assembling.

In this composition, a study of consignment inventory on basis of the factors which are important for implementation and application of consignment inventory are made. Logistics chain from subcontractor to end customer is becoming more complex when the volume of items constantly increases to satisfy the needs of the market. From that perspective, companies had large inventories but today it is a lot of different solutions to streamline inventory management. One way that recently becomes increasingly common is to let the subcontractor fill up the customers stock using different approaches such as VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory). A further step in the evolution can be to make use of consignment inventory where the vendor owns the stock of the customer.

In this report a study is carried out with the aim to identify added values of EPC projects implemented in schools in order to increase the interest of EPC projects on the market. The report examines how the planned maintenance, supervision, maintenance and corrective maintenance is affected, how insurance premiums and terms are affected, the indoor environment and how the tasks of the operating staff is changing. A literature study of energy savings, energy use in schools, maintenance and insurance as well as how energy efficiency improvements are related to the Swedish environmental objectives has been made. Visits were carried out in Ludvika, interviews were also carried out with operation technicians and local strategists in Ludvika as well as employees of insurance companies.Schools often have neglected maintenance and problems with ventilation and indoor environment. Schools also have a large energy saving potential due to their low utilization, mainly because they are empty parts of the year.

Examensarbetet har genomförts på uppdrag av Preem Petroleum AB i Stockholm (Preem), som är ett oljebolag med två raffinaderier samt har en stor distribution och försäljning inom Sverige. Preem köper in råolja som raffineras till olika petroleumprodukter med höga miljökrav vid de två raffinaderierna i Göteborg och Lysekil, Preem Raffinaderi AB and Scanraff AB. Preem säljer en del av sina raffinerade produkter till andra oljebolag, både inom Sverige och till export. Inom Sverige distribuerar Preem till både egna och andras depåer runt om i landet, mestadels med båt. Ifrån depåerna distribueras Preem sina raffinerade oljeprodukter dels till sin bensinstationskedja dels direkt till slutkund, vilket sker både med egna eller inhyrda tankbilar.

The purpose of this essay is to describe how Boverkets Byggregler has affected the cost ofnewly built houses from 2003 to 2012, to Boverkets Vision 2025. The purpose is also to findagent-principal relations in the construction sector.When investing in an energy efficient house the operating costs are reduced compared to aconventional house. But due to the lower operating costs, the investment cost rises. In thisstudy, we find out if it is economically viable to invest in an energy efficient house comparedto a conventional house from the customer's perspective.The study's approach has been qualitatively where we in collaboration with Derome Hus hadaccess to three conventional reference houses and a passive house and data that was necessaryto conduct viability assessments on houses. We conducted five interviews with people fromDeromekoncernen and Varbergs kommun.The calculation methods we have used in this study are present value method, annuity methodand a sensitivity analysis.

At present day there are several different methods for measuring of paved surfaces.The most common methods today are measuring with a total station, the GlobalNavigation Satellite System (GNSS) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS). Recently thedevelopment of unmanned aerial vehicles, known as drones, has increasedexponentially and today there are several ways of using drones for measuring surfacesby photographing and laser scanning.This thesis contains a comparison between the methods terrestrial laser scanning(TLS), and unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry (UAV). The measurements havebeen applied on two different test surfaces, one of asphalt and one of gravel. Thepurpose of the comparison is to investigate whether the airborne photogrammetry isequivalent accurate in its height levels as the terrestrial laser scanning. For thecomparison to be more extensive, these two methods have not only been comparedin precision but also in the areas of ease of use and economy.The precision was analyzed by comparing the height levels in randomly placed controlpoints on the test surfaces.

Detta examensarbete har genomförts på Schenker Logistics AB där målsättningen har varit att analysera den nuvarande returprocessen och därefter presentera eventuella förbättringsförslag.Den information som ligger till grund för resultatet av detta arbete har införskaffats via observationer och intervjuer med de personer som arbetar i returprocessen.Analysen som utfördes resulterade i att ett flertal brister kunde identifieras i returprocessen. Alla dessa brister bidrog till att komplikationer uppstod vid returhanteringen av gods på Schenker Logistics AB. Några exempel på brister som identifierades är att gods som var i godkänt fysiskt skick, returnerades till Schenker Logistics AB utan angiven orsak till returleveransen. Dessutom dokumenterades inte skadeorsaker hos någon part i försörjningskedjan, vilket bidrog till att Schenker Logistics AB var ovetande om skadans uppkomst samt vem/vad som bidrog till att skadan uppstod. Ytterligare brister som kunde identifieras i returprocessen är att fraktsedlar med ett specifikt nummer ofta försvann, fraktsedlar som är synnerligen viktiga för att Schenker Logistics AB ska kunna hantera returgodset.

AbstraktTitel: SUHF-modellen Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomiFörfattare: Ann-Sofie MagnussonHandledare: Jan SvanbergDatum: 2013 ? juniSyfte: Syftet med studien är att utforska hur SUHF-modellen är uppbyggd och om övergången till SUHF-modellen har lett till att forskningsfinansiärernas förtroende för lärosätenas redovisning av indirekta kostnader har förbättrats.Metod: I studien har en hermeneutisk kvalitativ metod med förstående epistemologi använts. Metoden innehöll en induktiv empirisk prövning av problemformuleringen. Den induktiva empiriska undersökningen bestod av semi-strukturerade intervjuer med fyra lärosäten och fyra forskningsfinansiärer.Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att SUHF-modellen inte är tillräckligt tydlig när det gäller gränsdragningen mellan vilka kostnader som är direkta respektive indirekta. Kommunikationen och samarbetet mellan parterna har ökat.

The market of fruit and vegetables develops continuously to become tougher and more complex. The fast development makes it difficult to keep up with all the changes. This is the case for apples and tomatoes. The purpose of this work is to explain what the trade routes are like for Swedish imports as well as the Swedish production of tomatoes and apples, both in the present and the past times. There is also an ambition to create comprehension of the trade routes.

Problem area and purposeNowadays, 2006, the downloading of music and movies is an increasingly more burning issue. But while the music industry has made great progress in using the Internet as a distribution channel the film industry has been at a standstill for several years. Recently however there has been progress in the form of a few film companies beginning to offer their customers legal ways to acquire films over the Internet. But with this progress one central question arises, which this report will try to answer; what are the important factors for selling films as the Internet moves from primarily being a information channel to also functioning as a distribution channel? The purpose is to examine what the consumers find important when purchasing film, and to establish to what degree there is a substitution effect between DVDs and downloadable films.MethodThe report is first and foremost based on an Internet survey with a total of 383 participants.

The aim of this study was to investigate and gain a deeper understanding of how the staff at the youth clinic approaches, and might influence, participation and responsibility as regards the girl and boy respectively in the process that follows when an unplanned pregnancy has been verified. Qualitative interviews were carried out with staff at five youth clinics in Skåne. All staff did routinely work with girls and boys that were involved in an unplanned pregnancy. The theoretical starting point of the study was a gender perspective involving feministic gender theory and masculinity theory. The main questions were: How does the staff at the youth clinic view the responsibility distribution between the girl and the boy involved in an unplanned pregnancy, and how does the staff explain this distribution? Are there any guidelines to how the boy and girl should be approached, and in this way ensuring that they both feel involved in the unplanned pregnancy and its consequences? How does the youth clinic staff view and discuss a gender perspective in relation to their work? The result of the study showed that at four of the clinics a difference was evident in the staffs´ views as regards participation and responsibility in the unplanned pregnancy of the boy and girl respectively.

Randomness is a complex area of computer science, where only pseudo random numbers are possible to generate algorithmically.This report presents established algorithms for random number generation by conducting a basic study of relevant literature, while testing distribution and speed of the algorithms contained within the C++11 Random library. The results are compared to the algorithm XORShift and a modified version of it. The study shows that the modified algorithm passes all tests in Small Crush, andthat the run time is shorter than for those in the Random library. The conclusion is that it is possible to, with simple means, modify an algorithm to outperform the algorithms of the C++11 Random library..

Bioenergi i Luleå AB bedriver tillverkning av bränslepellets. För att bränslepellets ska kunna utgöra en konkurrenskraftigt alternativ krävs en effektiv logistik, därför har denna genomgång av transportsystemet skett. Syftet är att rekommendera hur försörjningen av bränslepellets ska ske på kvalitativt och ekonomiskt bästa sätt från fabrik till slutkund. Avgränsningarna innebär att leveranser över 40 ton samt säckleveranser ej behandlas. Arbetsmomenten i samband med detta projekt har bestått av intervjuer, litteraturstudier, observationer samt benchmarking.