The purpose of this essay has been to examine how the city of Helsingborg´s prevention of alcohol and drug use among youths is laid out. It has been of special interest to examine the youth centers (after school programs) preventive work with youths and its effects on frequency of alcohol and narcotics use among youths.The people we have interviewed are all involved in the three organizations: the youth centers, schools, and social services. The results showed that the youth center staff does not think that they work actively preventive against alcohol and narcotics. On the other hand, the staff at the youth centers points out that just keeping the youths in the neighbourhood and making them involved in the activities at the youth center, is preventary work. The staff at the social services points out that it is not the facilities that is part of the preventive work but the activities and the skill of the staff that is improtant for the youths..

This study examined the psychological processes of autonomic arousal and distress, erroneous beliefs about sleep, worry about sleep, selective attention and monitoring and safety behaviours related to sleep, on the subject of daytime impairments associated with insomnia. The psychological processes were evaluated against as follows: sleep measures, anxiety, depression, medical disease and the use of medications. The measure daytime impairments complied with the established research diagnostic criteria. A correlation analysis indicated that psychological process, anxiety, depression and one of the sleep measures are associated with daytime impairments. The results of a multiple regression analysis proved that only erroneous beliefs about sleep, worry about sleep and safety behaviours related to sleep are linked to daytime impairments associated with insomnia.

Every year, approximately 700 000 individuals´ visit an emergency ward in Sweden as a result of injuries and to the emergency ward at Umea University hospital (NUS) about 12 000 injured arrive every year. This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study that surveys injuries caused by crashes among 153 pedestrians and 53 bicyclists, who have been injured in a geographically well defined area during the period January to June 2009. The aim of this study is to survey injuries among pedestrians and cyclists and to examine what preventive measures could reduce these injuries in the Umeå municipality. The results show that falls caused by slipper surface are common among both pedestrians (71 %; n = 109) and bicyclists (32 %; n = 17). Almost one third of the pedestrians (34 %; n = 43) were in the age of 65 or older.

Background: A life with severe chronic heart failure is debilitating, and most patients die of the disease. The possibility of having a heart from a deceased donor is often the patient's only hope of continued life. Aim: To gain a deeper insight and understanding of the patients experiences after a heart transplant. Method: Literature study with results based on 13 scientific articles. Results: Gratitude was the great common experience for the recipients of new hearts.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva arbetsterapeuters kliniska resonemang i folkhälsoarbetet inom primärvården. Den undersökta gruppen bestod av tio arbetsterapeuter med 1- 26 års yrkeserfarenhet. Arbetsterapeuterna intervjuades med en öppen frågeställning samt fick även berätta om ett patientfall. Intervju utskrifterna analyserades utifrån en kvalitativ innehålls analys. Analysen utmynnade i tre kategorier.

The purpose of this study is to describe melanotic tumours and the pathogenesis of these tumours. The focus of this study is on differences between benign and malignant tumours as well as the prognosis one may expect when diagnosing this disease. The mechanisms responsible for the occurrences of the tumours are not yet fully understood. It is believed that factors such as chronic trauma, infections, medications and hormones affect the cell mechanisms in some way. Determinants of the malignancy of the tumour are not completely known.

We were commissioned by Bulten Stainless AB to identify and analyze their customer order flow. Because the company had problems with delays in the production and deliveries to the customer, the task also included investigation of how the company work with prevention and management of delays. The purpose of the project also included to identify critical factors for effective order flow in smaller workshop companies.The information about the flow and how the work takes place within the company were collected through observations on the company and interviews with the staff. This information was used to draw maps over the customer order flow and to write a description of the current situation within the company. Both strengths and weaknesses of the companies work could be identified through analysis of the present situation.

This essay examines what happened to soldiers from Urshult in military service of Sweden during the diminished power of the country in the beginning of the eighteen century. Information of interest is taken from the soldiers? age, time of service and other annotations of interest that shows to be helpful when examining their fate.  First off, this study explains Sweden?s situation during this period of time. To get a grasp about the situation, allotment is explained as well as the most important events in the big Nordic war. This study is based on qualitative content analysis and GMRs are used as its main resource of information and consists of empiric analysis.The result of this paper shows that very few soldiers from Urshult were able to return home alive.

Bakgrund: En förutsättning för människans hälsa och välbefinnande är ett adekvat näringsintag. Malnutrition har visat sig vara ett stort problem i vården. Syfte: Belysa faktorer som kan vara av betydelse för att förebygga malnutrition. Metod: Litteraturstudie som bygger på femton vetenskapliga artiklar som granskades och kvalitetsbedömdes. Resultat: Artiklarna visade att faktorer som kunde vara av betydelse var sjuksköterskans grad av kunskap, attityder till omvårdnadsåtgärder, tidsaspekten samt användandet av screeningmetoder.

Bakgrund: Hälsoutgifterna i förhållande till BNP har i flera länder ökat, samtidigt som vissa länder uttryckt oro över att fokus på utgiftsrestriktioner har skadat prestationerna inom hälsosystemet. Utvecklingen inom den isländska hälsosektorn är densamma.Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att beskriva och behandla de huvudsakliga problem som den isländska hälsosektorn står inför, redovisa åtgärder och reformer som har utförts med tyngdpunkt i privatiseringsplanerna samt diskutera möjliga alternativ för framtiden.Genomförande: Studien genomfördes parallellt med praktik på Sveriges ambassad i Reykjavik, Island. Det har bidragit till att författaren disponerat över ett stort informationsunderlag vilket underlättat förståelsen för specifika isländska faktorer, attityder och levnadssätt.Resultat: Det är viktigt att isländska staten har klara definitioner gällande vilken rättvisa som skall finnas i hälsosystemet. Fondering och ökad prevention samt införande av en resultatorienterad budget samt att staten utformar ett väl fungerande system för kvalitets- och kostnadskontroll för att få till stånd en effektiv privatisering..

Denna rapport handlar om diagnostik av Crohns sjukdom och i synnerhet om magnetkamerans roll för att uppnå en bättre bedömning och kartläggning av sjukdomen. Crohns sjukdom kan avbildas med hjälp av många olika tekniker, vi har valt att kolla på de tre vanligaste tekniker: genomlysning, kapselendoskopi och magnetkameraundersökning. Rapporten går kort genom sjukdomsbilden, kapselendoskopi och genomlysning, för att sedan gå djupare i magnetkamera- (MR) tekniken som är grunden till detta arbete. Den tekniska utvecklingen i magnetkamerateknik har gjort det möjligt att med hjälp av snabba MR-sekvenser förkorta undersökningstiden på buken, och därmed göra det möjligt att utesluta problem som t.ex. rörelseartefakter.

Denna uppsats behandlar den nu gällande amerikanska säkerhetsdoktrinen (NSS). Uppsatsensmålsättning är att undersöka om den gällande amerikanska säkerhetsdoktrinen tjänar sompreventionsmedel och som ett uttryck för statlig tvångsdiplomati. Säkerhetsdoktrinenanalyseras för att komma åt den nya säkerhetspolitiska paradigmen. Vidare preciserarrespektive undersöker uppsatsen den utslagsgivande säkerhetspolitiska kalkylen för attsäkerställa amerikanska nationella intressen och överväganden ur ett geostrategiskt perspektiv.Som metod för att undersöka frågeställningarna respektive uppsatsämnet används härvid enkvalitativ textanalys. Analysverktyget som används har tagits fram för att granska utrikes- ochförsvarspolitiska doktriner och tjänar därför uppsatsens syfte väl.

Cancer mammae är den mest förekommande cancerformen hos kvinnor världen över. Etiologin är för närvarande relativt okänd. I decennier har det förts en diskussion huruvida kost har ett samband med denna fruktade cancerform. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att sammanställa litteratur rörande omega 3 och omega 6 för att undersöka om det finns ett samband med cancer mammae. Litteraturstudiens metod grundar sig på Forsberg & Wengström (2010).

The purpose of this study is to search and analyze different logics that operators use in the work of helping juvenile delinquents to break their criminal behavior. New institutional theory is used in this study to analyze the results. The study was conducted through qualitative interviews of six professionals in two municipalities which work with juvenile delinquency. There are two questions that we want to address in this study. The first one is what methods the social workers are using in two middle large municipalities to help youth to brake there criminal behavior.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare how patients with diabetes type 2 self-estimate their self-consciousness, problem identification, stress management and the willingness to change before and after a daycare week. The aim was also to compare if the value on HbA1c have changed after the daycare week compared to before.Method: A total of 60 patients who recived offer to participate in a daycare week at a clinic on a university hospital in Sweden. Patients replied a form (SWE-DES-SF-10) before (n=60) and three months after (n=35) the daycare week. They also left a blood sample for HbA1c before (n=60) and three months after (n=42) the daycare week. The forms and HbA1c-values were analyzed using wilcoxon´s signed-rank test and paired t-test. Results: After the daycare week estimated the participating patiens their self-consciousness and problem identification higher than before the daycare week.