Unit testing is a type of testing technique which is becoming quite fashionable to the developers and companies that are in the business of creating and managing software. Alas there are seldom any concrete data to support the positive claims of the authors in unit testing methodology books. These claims are instead based on empirical studies and the experience of the authors. The problem that arises from this situation is that it becomes problematic for managers and also the developers themselves to convince both customers and their own management to use this type of testing as there is no exact return of investment model. This essay examines this problem from two points, the first point is from the literature itself and interviews conducted with a number of developers at a software company located in Umea, Sweden.

This paper examines how pupils with a non-Swedish background, in a secondary school in Stockholm?s suburban, Sweden, interpret and absorb the contents of school-room classes. It also examines whether the interpretations are influenced by a power-relation between teacher and pupils. The pupil?s interpretations, including their values and perceptions as regards to the content, are central to our study.Firstly, classes on world conflicts and corporal punishment for children were observed and these observations were the foundation to this study.

This is an investigation of a mobile prefabrication factory´s competitiveness and profitability which also will result in a suggestion for a design of the factory. The mobile prefabrication factory is an idea of a new concept for production which is meant to be used in the manufacture of slab. The main intention with this concept is that by using a fast established prefabrication factory to produce elements near the construction site, thus avoiding transport from the factory to the building site. This means not only an environmental and economic gain, but also that you can avoid risking damage the elements which often occur during transportation. The contractor is owner of the mobile prefabrication factory and can thus avoid long waiting times and cyclicality.

The purpose of this study is to get the cadastral procedure for condominiums to become more affordable. The aims of the study is to examine how the number of condominiums, the number of joint facilities and the number of joint property units that are formed in a condominium cadastral procedure in Sweden influences the cadastral procedure cost. To get an overall perspective the study also explores how the chosen forms of co-operation have worked out in association management.A condominium is a type of three-dimensional property unit, which may only contain one residence.  This form of property formation has been allowed in Sweden since 1 May 2009.  At the end of 2014 less than 1000 condominiums had been formed despite the legislator?s expectations for 3000-5000 condominiums a year. The property unit can have access to necessary facilities, not available within the property boundaries, by establishing joint facilities or form joint property units.

The current situation for Swedish grain farmers facing a situation with decreasing profitability makes it necessary for the farmers to find ways of increasing the margins in their grain growing. Decreasing profitabilities along with Lantmännens closing of grain elevators contribute to the necessity for farmers to invest in grain storing and drying at the farm. By investing in capacity for drying and storage of grain on the farm it is possible to recieve a higher price on the grain sold due to the possibility to sell when the price is higher compared to the harvesting season. An investment in grain drying and storage with a relatively low investment cost that recently has appeared on the Swedish market is the grain stir drying system. This study contains a comparison of an investment in a grain stir drying system where the grain is dried and stored in the same silo and a conventional drying and storage system.

Syfte Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta undersöka huruvida det finns någon skillnad mellan skuldsättningsgraden inom produkt- och tjänstebranschen. Ett delsyfte till uppsatsen är att undersöka hur räntekostnaden ser ut och huruvida det finns signifikanta samband mellan de olika branschernas gällande ovanstående faktorer.Metod Undersökningen är en fallstudie med en abduktiv kvantitativ ansats. Empirin består av sekundärdata i form av årsredovisningar.Teori Teorin har utgått ifrån genrens klassiker i form av Modigliani & Millers två teorem, Pecking order teorin samt Trade-off teorin.  Även Hallgrens modell om risk har tillämpats.Empiri Data är insamlad från sex byggföretag samt från sex revisionsföretag. Skuldsättningsgrad, räntekostnader samt omsättning är granskad dels inom branschen och dels jämförande mellan branscherna. Empirin är testad genom signifikansanalyser.Resultat Det finns inga signifikanta samband mellan bygg- och revisionsbranschens skuldsättningDet finns inga signifikanta samband mellan bygg- och revisionsbranschens räntekostnadDet finns inga signifikanta samband i byggbranschens skuldsättningDet finns inga signifikanta samband i revisionsbranschens skuldsättning.

Denna uppsats utreder samspelet mellan politisk kultur och politisk ekonomi i Jordaniens politiska liberaliseringsprocess genom en litteraturstudie förankrad i kulturspecifik forskning. Det teoretiska huvudsyftet är att pröva Michael Ross teori om förhållandet mellan beskattning relativt offentlig service och politisk liberalisering, på en djupare nivå. Högre beskattning relativt offentlig service antas ge representation, politisk liberalisering och demokratisering. Vi kartlägger vilka kringliggande faktorer denna ekonomiska cost-benefit-modell fungerar tillsammans med.Vår slutsats är att den ekonomiska cost-benefit-modellen samspelar med en kulturell cost-benefit-modell. I Jordanien tillfredställde inte regimen befolkningens krav på subvention av exempelvis bränsle och basmatvaror.

The aim of this Master?s thesis is to investigate if the reading habits of teacher students are influenced by merit and descent. The empiric material consists of six questionnaires answered by students at the teacher training with Swedish at the upper secondary school as their first topic. The questionnaire comprised questions about reading habits in the childhood and today and information concerning merits and descent.Pierre Bourdieu?s sociological ideas about cultural capital transmitted from parent to child and the concept of habitus are used as a theoretical framework regarding descent.

The aim of the study is to gain a deeper understanding of how young people's current identity is affected by their criminal background. We also want to understand the impact of resources in these young people?s social networks (that is their social capital) on their life course and formation and reformation of their identity. The theoretical frameworks used (as a tool to be able to analyze the empirical data) are theories of stigma, identity and social capital. The empirical study was conducted using semi-structured interviews that focused on questions about the life-story of informants.

I den här uppsatsen undersöks och utvärderas metoder för att beräkna indirekta socioekonomiska effekter till följd av transportinvesteringar. De projekt som ligger till grund för denna jämförelse finns på gemensam europeisk samt på nationell nivå. Projekten har använt sig antingen av kvantitativ analys, i form av multikriterieanalys alternativt cost-benefit analys, eller av kvalitativ analys, för att utvärdera effekterna. Slutsatserna består i att det är svårt att beräkna dessa effekter och att det därför är viktigt att metoden speglar den underliggande informationen. En verbal metod som speglar osäkerheten är ofta att föredra framför en metod som presenterar exakta monetära mått trots att den underliggande informationen är osäker..

As a result of increased energy prices more and more energy-efficient homes are coveted. An energy-efficient alternative is passive houses, which is characterized by an extremely well insulated building envelope that recovers the heat without the use of radiators or under floor heating. But a passive house requires a higher investment cost than a conventional building project, since it will require more construction materials, training of construction workers, greater land area, and long construction period. But the lower operating cost expects to pay back the higher cost of investment. We therefore question how profitable a passive house is in relation to houses built according to modern conventional building techniques.The aim of our study is to investigate the viability of passive houses compared to convent­ional houses.

The Swedish road transport sector relies almost completely on fossil fuels. In 2007, as much as 96 percent of the total sales of fuels was made up of petrol and diesel, while at the same time the share of total emissions of greenhouse gases in Sweden that came from road transports amounted to close to 30 per cent. Sweden is by no means worse off than any other European country in these respects. In order to address the questions of high oil dependence and CO2 emissions the European Commission has proposed a reinforcement of the legislative framework, with a 10 percent minimum for the market share of biofuels in 2020. Furthermore, the proposed target is binding for the member states, unlike the current voluntary target of 5.75 percent by 2010. More than doubling the usage of biofuels in only a bit more than a decade will most likely not be possible without policy interventions.

A large cost at the construction sites today is the labour cost of the workers. But unfortunately the worker potential is not used to full. It is not unusual to take into a count with a work-­?place-­?additional-­?time of 50% in some cases. By increasing the workers' motivation and responsibility for their tasks may reduce the time considerably, which also increases the potential for greater gains in construction projects.By using the situational leadership may the workers level of maturity develop entirely.

Fuel wood is currently the third largest assortment from the forest in Sweden after pulpwood and lumber. Branches and tops i.e. logging residues are one of the assortments of fuel wood which is a common by-product after harvesting nowadays. The way to utilize, disintegrate and transport the logging residues varies between northern and southern Sweden. Branches and tops are collected throughout the year at appropriate stands, but are consumed mainly wintertime.

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