Idag används datortomografi med kontrastmedel (CTA) som primär undersökningsmetod vid efterkontroller av EVAR-behandlade patienter. Dessa patienter följs upp årligen under resten av deras liv. Ultraljud med kontrastmedel (CEUS) har de senaste åren undersökts som ett alternativ för att minska exponeringen av den joniserande strålningen och användning av njurtoxiskt kontrastmedel. Vårt syfte med denna litteraturstudie var att jämföra diagnostisk säkerhet samt att beskriva fördelar och nackdelar med undersökningsmetoderna ultraljud med kontrast och datortomografi med kontrast vid kontroller efter EVAR. Utifrån vårt syfte formulerade vi en frågeställning där 14 vetenskapliga artiklar ingår i litteraturstudien.

The aim of the study was to compare productivity in first thinning of birch stands, when either energy- or pulpwood was harvested. The systems total profitability was also compared by including forwarding and chipping costs. A Gremo 950 HPVR harvester was used and the same driver was used under the entire study. During the pulpwood harvest a Logmax 4000b harvester head was used and a feller buncher head made by Silvatec was used during the energy wood harvest. Six study unit pairs were located in a birch dominated stand outside Ängelholm in Skåne.

Sedan sommaren 2008 bygger Svevia AB pendeltågstation i Kimstad. I samband med detta vill byalaget göra en stensättning och illustration av Motalaspännet för att uppmärksamma fyndet av spännet som gjordes på 1800-talet, i just Kimstad. Spännet, som är av guld och ädelstenar med en Diameter på nästan 20 cm, tros vara från 1300-talet och har en något oviss historia om var det är gjort samt vem som kan ha burit spännet.Denna rapport och examensarbete syftar till att presentera ett illustrationsförslag av Motalaspännet där material, placering, grundläggning samt kvantiteter och pris redovisas. Utgångspunkten för arbetet var att diskussioner mellan författaren, byalaget och handledaren skulle föras vid framarbetningen av förslaget. Byalaget presenterade i startskedet ett eget illustrationsförslag.

FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) is the major form of certification system in Swedish forestry today and its more than 11 million hectares are covering almost half of the total productive forest area in the country. Its regulations prescribe that at least 10 wind firm trees should be left behind after every clear cutting operation. This study have taken place on 30 recently clearcut objects in Bergslagen, Sweden, were an inventory of the standing stock have been made. The research shows that, with 90 % security, the retained trees together contain 9-13 m3sk per hectare. Pine is the dominant tree and it covers more than half the numbers of retained trees and its volume cover 65 % of the retained trees total volume. Spruce is on second place with 30 % of the retained trees, but only 21 % of the standing stock.

This essay examines pull-out strength of threaded rods fixed into glulam timber. The technology is intended to be used in hidden joints between glulam components. The work began with a study of literature focusing on current research within the topic, mainly to create a base of knowledge before the testing was initiated. Studies of scientific articles reveals a lack of research within this area, which makes it difficult to develop standards and calculation models for these joints. The drill holes in the tests have a Diameter of 7 mm.

Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein with important biological role because of its capacity to bind to haemoglobin. Haptoglobin exists in three major genetic polymorphism types: Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2, the distribution of which has been associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), an asymptomatic aortic disease common among men older than 65 years.    Five different electrophoretic methods were tested according to their ability to separate the haptoglobin phenotypes. The detection was based on a produced hemolysate of blood in which haemoglobin binds to haptoglobin thereby forming a complex that can be detected by specific haemoglobin staining using TMB-dihydrochloride and hydro peroxide as substrate resulting in an azure-green color of the bands. Samples from 15 patients who had suffered surgery for not broken AAA, that is more than5.0 cmaortic Diameter, and 15 samples from matched controls were analyzed.    Among the five tested electrophoretic methods best migration and separation was seen on the pre-cast agarosgel Hydragel HR on the instrument Hydrasys. The other four methods gave less successful results.

At the beginning of the 1970´s forestry feared an imbalance in the future wood supply. Because of this anticipated "timber slump" forest companies undertook a variety of measures to counter this. One of these measures was the introduction of exotic tree species. The choice finally ended up with lodgepole pines which were considered a fast growing tree species compared to our native tree species. Theambition for the new lodgepole pine stands were to run these with rotation periods of between 40-60 years, thus smoothing out the ?timber slump? that was anticipated.

The payment for produced grain is constantly going down in price. It is important for farmers to become more effective in cultivating more land in a shorter time perspective. At the same time we have to calculate with the risk of getting lowered subsidies from the EU. This is why I would like to find out the possibilities for establishing winter wheat without ploughing. I hope to find a difference in the number of plants due to different soil preparations. With this experiment I expect to find out whether I can establish winter wheat at a lower cost, with the same numbers of plants per square meter.

Vid dragprovning av lödningar framkom att i många fall är kopparledningen svagare än själva lödningen och brottet sker i kopparledningen eller i kabelskon. Undersökning av mikrostrukturerna visade att det bildas martensit i grundmaterialet i ett område under pinnlödningarna. Medelvärdet på martensitlinsens storlek beräknades till 10,69 mm i Diameter och 0,73 mm i djup. På grund av att grundmaterialet påverkas bör pinnlödningar sättas minst 10 mm från varandra. Lödningar gjorda i -5°C visade inga tecken på försämrad kvalitet med avseende på lägre hållfasthet eller ökad martensitbildning.

Vid dragprovning av lödningar framkom att i många fall är kopparledningen svagare än själva lödningen och brottet sker i kopparledningen eller i kabelskon. Undersökning av mikrostrukturerna visade att det bildas martensit i grundmaterialet i ett område under pinnlödningarna. Medelvärdet på martensitlinsens storlek beräknades till 10,69 mm i Diameter och 0,73 mm i djup. På grund av att grundmaterialet påverkas bör pinnlödningar sättas minst 10 mm från varandra. Lödningar gjorda i -5°C visade inga tecken på försämrad kvalitet med avseende på lägre hållfasthet eller ökad martensitbildning.

Many species and hence biodiversity depend on old, large oaks (Quercus robur) with hollow trunks. The populations of oak-living organisms have to migrate to a nearby old oak in order to survive the death of the host. The oak district south of Linköping, Sweden, is unique in area and the number of old oaks. It is anyway doubtful whether regeneration of oak will secure future continuity. Oaks are light-demanding and thrive in open pastures.

Old hollow trees of oak contain a large amount of wood mould. Unfortunately, these trees have in the last century been greatly reduced in numbers. It has resulted in that species that depend on these habitats, saproxylic species, have become at risk to decrease in numbers or die out regionally. Previous studies have shown that the volume of wood mould is an important factor for occurrence and population size of saproxylic organisms. The aim of the present study was to examine how the volume of wood mould varies among ash (Fraxinus excelsior), lime (Tilia sp.), maple (Acer platanoides), aspen (Populus tremula) and oak (Quercus robur).

The effect of inoculation on containerized pine and spruce seedlings in a nursery with two ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated in regard to the development of mycorrhiza and plant growth. The fungi were Elaphomyces muricatus and Elaphomyces granulates and the inoculated seedlings were compared to an uninoculated control. These seedlings were all fertilized with arginine. Five mycorrhiza species were found after DNA sequencing of the mycorrhizal root tips with different found morphotypes on seedlings from all treatments. Thelephora terrestris was the type which had the greatest distribution on pine seedlings and Tylospora asterophora was found at big extent on spruce seedlings. The inoculated species was not found, if it was due to the species hadn?t colonized the roots or if the DNA sequencing failed we can only speculate about.

This essay focuses upon the Kivik monument and its conservation difficulties, since its discovery at 1748 until modern time. The Kivik monument is found in southeast of Scania, and dated within the Bronze Age period. The perspective of the conservation on the monument has merely been on the monuments inner cist of stone and the rock carvings on the cist-slabs. When the monument was first archaeological examined at 1931, its sizeable cairn (75 m in Diameter) had almost vanished and the cist was sheltered by a casing of concrete and metal roof. Between 1932 and 1933 the monument has undergone a large-scale restoration, and this criticized restoration resulted in a low antiquarian value with the responsible authority.

The purpose of this essay was to review the literature and describe the patophysiology, diagnosis, microscopic and macroscopic appearance of aortic body tumors in dogs. The tumors originate from the chemoreceptor organs situated at the base of the heart. The chemoreceptor organs are neuroendocrine cells responsible for surveillance of changes in e.g. the blood pH. Aortic body tumors are rare and represent 7 % of the total cases of primary cardiac tumors in canines.