An increasing number of students leave the Swedish compulsory school without having a satisfactory grade in mathematics. Causes why students risk ending up with difficulties in the subject of mathematics are debated but one explanation might be that more and more students are diagnosed with dyscalculia. The purpose of this study is to investigate how educationalists identify and organize their teaching in order to help students with difficulties in mathematics to reach the schools requirement and long-term goals that are defined in advance. It is vital to detect learning difficulties at an early stage. Accordingly, it can be avoided that the student starts to develop a negative self-image due to repeated failures and in the same time provide relevant help.

This paper describes how radiation affects the body, the somatic and genetic effect that can occure in exposure of ionizing radiation and how to protect yourself against it. How radiation affects the cells and why you can get cancer if you get exposed of a large amount of radiation is mentioned. Research after a threshold is mentioned and what Sweden does today to improve the radiation protection by laws and regulations. Explaining the atom, what radiation is and how the ionizing radation interacts with the atom. How backscatter affect the picture and the workers and how to protect yourself from backscatter is mentioned. Radiation doses, dosimetry and rules for those who practise radiation is shortly described..

In couples diagnosed with unexplained infertility, the woman has normal ovulatory cycles and no organic pathology, and the man has normal semen. The period during which the implantation of an embryo can occur is defined as the window of implantation (WOI). For infertile women, disturbances in the endometrium maturation are hypothesized to impair the uterine receptivity for embryo implantaition. However, there are still no methods found to predict endometrial receptivity.Hemoglobin related-proteins hypothesized to be involved in embryo implantation have been found in the endometrium in both fertile and infertile women. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were differences in the expression of hemoglobin-related proteins, hemoglobin-?, cytoglobin, fetal hemoglobin and haptoglobin in the endometrium of fertile and infertile women.

The aim of this essay is to investigate what is burnout and how women who are affected by it manage their condition. Furthermore, we have investigated stigma and whether or not those affected by burnout are in turn stigmatised.A qualitative approach has been used to achieve our aims with this project. To support our analysis we have interviewed ten women who all have been diagnosed with fatigue syndrome along with studying relevant literature. The main theories used in this investigation are the symbolic interaktionism by G.H Mead, the term stigma by Erving Goffman and different theories on coping.The results show that the majority of women in the study had suffered from burnout due to work related stress and changes in their working environment. How they coped with and recovered from the condition depended on their own activity and how it related to their own support system.

Bakgrund: Cancer drabbar ca 50 000 personer varje år i Sverige. En vanligt förekommande behandling mot cancer är cytostatika. Cancerrelaterad fatigue definieras som en trötthet som uppkommer i samband med en cancersjukdom och som inte kan botas med vila eller sömn. Det är den mest förekommande biverkningen hos cytostatikabehandlade patienter och ger både psykiska, fysiska och ekonomiska konsekvenser. Farmakologiska behandlingar avsedda att lindra cancerrelaterad fatigue är kostsamma och medför biverkningar varför försiktighet rörande användandet av dessa bör iakttas.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how gender is constructed in presentence reports written by social workers? as mandated by 11§ LUL. Young offenders are often assigned normative masculine or feminine attributes by personnel at treatment centers, girls are considered emotional and in need of support while boys are considered disorderly and in need of structure. Young female delinquents are victimized which affects their culpability; they are less likely to be held responsible for the crimes they committed. Young male delinquents are viewed as aggressive and in control; they are more likely to be held accountable for their criminal actions.

Bakgrund: Historiskt sett är begreppet cancer mycket laddat. Det har förknippats med mycket skuld,lidande utanförskap och död. En ökad förståelse för patienters olika strategier vid livshotandecancersjukdom kan hjälpa sjuksköterskan att stötta och styrka patienten. Sjuksköterskan kantillsammans med övrig sjukvårdspersonal hitta åtgärder som kompletterar patientens strategier för attfå styrka i sin hantering av livssituationen. Relevanta begrepp som beskrivits är palliativ vård, stress ochstressorer, distress och psykologisk distress samt Coping/copingstrategier.

The alpaca is a camelid that originate from the South American highland. During recent years it?s been possible to keep alpacas in other parts of the world. Today there is a world-wide interest in alpacas, but there is still limited knowledge about this fascinating animal. There are approximately 350-400 alpacas in Sweden in 2007.

Bakgrund: Att drabbas av en cancersjukdom kan leda till rädsla och osäkerhet men även till livsförändringar som patienten kan behöva anpassa sig till. Förmågan att anpassa sig kan ske hos patienter med en cancersjukdom genom copingstrategierna religion och andlighet. Dessa copingstrategier kan hjälpa patienterna att hantera situationen och därmed också finna en tröst och ett stöd.Syfte: Var att beskriva religion och andlighet som copingstrategier hos patienter med en cancersjukdom.Metod: Denna litteraturöversikt grundar sig på tio stycken vårdvetenskapliga artiklar som är utgivna mellan åren 2007-2013. Artiklarna är hämtade från databaserna CINAHL plus with full text och MEDLINE with full text. Artiklarna har bearbetats och analyserats stegvis.Resultat: Resultatet presenteras med hjälp av tre huvudteman; Gud och andlighet, Positiv och negativ religiös coping och Religiöst och andligt stöd.

Neospora caninum is an intracellular parasite that was first recognized in dogs in 1984. The parasite is now one of the most commonly diagnosed infectious causes of abortion in cattle word wide. N. caninum is transmitted to cattle in two ways. They may be infected from eating food contaminated with oocysts from a definitive host or they may be infected in utero from an infected mother. The infection is transmitted efficiently from cow to her offspring and this can occur for generations.

Arbetet har utförts i samarbete med Naturskyddsföreningen för att undersöka vilka vattenavvisande behandlingar som görs på ytterplagg för barn och hur tillverkarna förhåller sig till perfluorerade ämnen. I arbetet har vattenavvisande ytterplagg för barn i förskoleåldern studerats, med syfte att se i vilken mån perfluorerade ämnen används i plaggen. Barnen som har studerats är utomhus varje dag i alla väder. Vid kraftigt regn eller när det är mycket blött ute används vattentäta regnställ, vid lättare väta bär de ytterplagg med vattenavvisande funktion. En egen oljedropptestmetod har utvecklats.

The purpose of this essay is to raise and discuss children?s problems with concentration in two areas, stress and Adhd, where the symptoms are similar to each other. During recent years I have experienced how "difficult" children increasingly have been diagnosed and "stamped" with various combinations of letters. Because of my own children?s diagnoses, this has raised my interest in studying children´s modes of expression and behavior, and I have come to question whether many children who receive a diagnosis of Adhd really are afflicted by it.

BAKGRUND: Bröstcancer är en av de vanligaste dödsorsakerna hos medelålders kvinnor i Sverige och varje år drabbas närmare 8500 kvinnor. Antalet kvinnor som avlider är ca 1400 per år. Recidiv av cancer kan bero på att alla cancerceller inte lyckats elimineras vid första behandlingen och istället återkommer i förökat antal. Tidigare forskning visar att lidandet hos cancerpatienter i det sena palliativa skedet omfattar psykiskt, socialt, existentiellt/andligt och fysiskt lidande. Den visar också att välbefinnande uppnås när kropp och själ fylls med meningsfulla upplevelser.

Normal children acquire the necessary social habits without being consciously aware of this, they learn instinctively. (Author?s translation from Swedish to English) (Asperger & Frith, 1998, s. 21) This essay is about people who do not learn to socialize, the social habits, instinctively but through conscious learning. We have interviewed three adults with the diagnosis of Asperger syndrome with the aim to let them tell us about what it means to have a neuropsychiatric disability.

Background: A common view about people with diagnosed psychosis is that they are socially withdrawn and that they neither cope nor want to engage in social relationships. Newly published specialist books on this subject also support this view.Aims: To unveil further dimensions of the phenomena by explorative analyzing consumers? own depictions about their ?social relationships".Method: The material is taken from a larger study that followed consumers regularly during a lapse of 3 years. Within this material 15 interviews from three respondents were chosen, a selection which gives maximal spreading concerning age, sex and background. The interviews where analyzed by methods based on Grounded Theory.Results: Three main dimensions were identified: supportive relationships, difficulties and social withdrawal.