ABSTRACTMy degree project has resulted in the improvement of the guidance in the dental center?s entrance. The patients will now find it easier to understand and find the environment?s various functions, which is the reception, registration, payment, and waiting rooms. Norrbottens läns landsting has a concept ?hälsofrämjande väntrum? that provides guidelines for how they want their patients to experience their waiting rooms.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa sambandet mellan cigarrettrökning och paro-dontit.Metod: Studien bygger på en allmän litteraturstudie som sammanställer aktuell forsk-ning inom det valda ämnesområdet. Detta studerades genom att granska olika studiers koppling mellan parodontit och cigarrettrökning. Studien baseras på 15 kvantitativa artiklar som söktes via PubMed och Sience Direct.Resultat: Resultatet visade att det fanns ett samband mellan parodontit och cigarrett-rökning. Rökning var den främsta beteendemässiga riskfaktorn för uppkomst av paro-dontit. Rökare uppvisar ett mer ohälsosamt beteende och negativ attityd till allmän hälsa.

13 individuals from the Viking Age trading place in Fröjel, Gotland, were examined for this thesis. The aim was to gain a deeper knowledge about the individuals, and the main focus was to study their health. Three men, eight women and two children were examined. The age of the two children was estimated to around birth, and was no longer relevant for this thesis. The age distribution showed that two individuals were young (10-24 years), seven individuals were adults (18-44 years) and two individuals were middle-aged or older (35-79 years).

The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the prescription of antibiotics to dogs at the small animal clinic at Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, France. The purpose was also to compare the possible prescription patterns in France with those seen in a similar study by Petersson (2003) at the small animal clinic at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala. Antibiotics are very important in veterinary medicine and are used both to treat infections and to prevent them. The use of antibiotics however is not without complications and the risk of developing antimicrobial resistance is of most concern. Resistance has been shown to exist against all currently known antibiotics and potentially all pathogenic bacteria could develop resistance to one or more antibiotics. This study analysed the case records for all dogs presented to the small animal clinic at Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Nantes, France during October 2001 and March 2002 to identify patients which were treated with systemic antibiotics. For these cases the antibiotic used, classified according to the ATCvet system, and the indication for use was noted. A total of 292 cases (146 per month) resulted in administration of systemic antibiotics.

I detta arbete besvaras frågorna angående tobak och parodontit utifrån en vetenskaplig grund. Rökning är starkt förknippad med olika former av negativa hälsoeffekter som parodontit. Utifrån olika studier har det visat sig att rökare har en större prevalens och svårighetsgrad av parodontit jämfört med icke-rökare. Rökare uppvisar även mer fästeförlust samt bennedbrytning. Graden av rökexponering är proportionell med parodontitutvecklingen. Ju fler cigaretter som förbrukas innebär desto svårare parodontit.

There are several ways to identify individuals with dry mouth, but there are few studies made in which the different methods have been compared with each other.The aim of this pilotstudy was to compare different methods for identifying individuals with dry mouth. Fifty individuals aged 50 to 75 years were included in this studie. These where randomly chosen among patients at the dental clinic at Kristianstad University College. Four different salivary measurements were conducted: 1) collection of unstimulated saliva, 2) collection of stimulated saliva, 3) the so called ?mirrortest?, and 4) analyse using cottonrolls.

SAMMANFATTNING Syfte: Att med kvantitativa metoder försöka finna faktorer som kan förklara skillnaderna i mängd antibiotikaförskrivning mellan tandläkare i Skåne och Västerbotten i Sverige. Metod: I denna utredande demografiska studie, gjordes en initial sökning i databasen Pubmed för att finna kvantitativa faktorer som påverkar tandläkares antibiotikaförskrivning. Statistiska uppgifter hämtades sedan från olika svenska register och tolkades för resultatet. Resultat: Ingen enskild faktor som undersöktes kunde förklara den högre förskrivningen av antibiotika som ses i Skåne. Resultaten stödjer hypotesen att det inte finns någon kvantitativ faktor som kan förklara Skånes förskrivning av antibiotika. Slutsats: Skillnader i mängd ordinerad antibiotika mellan de två regionerna i Sverige kunde inte förklaras genom att undersöka de kvantitativa faktorerna som använts i denna studie. Skillnader i förskrivning är troligen ett resultat av kvalitativa faktorer och fler studier inom området efterfrågas. Nyckelord: antibiotika, förskrivning, tandvård, Sverige.

Ätstörningar som anorexia nervosa (AN) och bulimia nervosa (BN) innebär ett folkhälsoproblem som kan orsaka oral ohälsaStudiens syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka vilka orala problem som förekommer vid AN och BN.Material och metod: Studien genomfördes i form av en litteraturstudie. Material samlades in via sökningar i databasen Web of Science. Resultatet baserades på en sammanställning av sju vetenskapliga artiklar.Resultat: Resultatet visade att ett flertal studier har redovisat förekomst av orala förändringar vid diagnoserna AN och BN. Mest förekommande var dentala erosioner och hypertrofi av glandula parotis. Men även förekomst av karies, parodontal sjukdom samt orala slemhinneförändringar och infektioner framgick.Slutsats: Slutsatsen med denna studie visar att de mest förekommande orala problemen som uppstår vid AN och BN är dentala erosioner samt hypertrofi av salivkörtlarna, även orala slemhinneförändringar och infektioner förekommer..

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases, causing an ascending paralysis that usually kills the patient within a few years from disease onset. The motor neurons show aggregates of proteins which in approximately 20 % of cases of the familial form contain mutated SOD1 protein. Trehalose is a disaccharide which has been shown to reduce protein aggregation and increase viability in cell models and alleviate symptoms in animal models of several neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein aggregation. When given orally to the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, trehalose failed to slow down the disease progression, which has led to questions about the uptake and distribution of the molecule in this mouse strain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether significant levels of trehalose reach the central nervous system of the SOD1G93A mouse after oral administration. This was performed by a trehalose assay of the brain of trehalose treated animals. A glucose assay was optimised for use in small samples of brain lysate after the digestion of trehalose into glucose by trehalase, and the difference in glucose concentration before and after digestion represented the trehalose level.

The background to this thesis is that we know very little about lesbian and bisexual women's sexual health in Sweden, particularly in relation to sexually transmitted infections (STI) and their transmissions. An internet-based questionnaire with self-selected participants targeted to the group WSW (Women who have Sex with Women) has been implemented. An international survey on the subject shows that the WSW has sexually transmitted infections. This is also in line with the results in this study. The most common sexually transmitted infection in the survey is chlamydia which 12.3 percent have had.

Osteological analysis was carried out on skeletons from nine graves from a medieval cemetery in Ny Varberg, Varberg, Halland. The graves originate from a monastery and a church, dating back to the fourteenth and fifteenth century. The main aim with this thesis has been to study health through the presence of pathologies and skeletal changes. Further aim was to compare the results from the present study with theresults from Torsten Sandbergs analysis of the same material from 1964. This comparison later showed coincidence.

This study seeks to outline the reason why public limited firms choose to bear the cost of auditing despite the annulation of legal requirements. The aim is to provide an overview and a better understanding of the decisions made by such firms. My research work focuses solely on the dentistry branch. Relevant data has been collected through interviews and adequate scientific theories are implemented to canvas and analyse the reality of auditing for public limited firms working with dental services.The background knowledge contains historical aspects and the importance of audit obligations together with the fact that the law no longer regulates these conditions. To begin with, the regulations were institutionalised in order to prevent financial and fiscal criminality and offence, in public limited companies.

I Sverige finns en hög frekvens av rotfyllda tänder med apikal parodontit och en praxis för behandling saknas. Denna studie syftar till att röntgenologiskt kartlägga progressionen av apikal parodontit vid rotfyllda tänder som ej blivit föremål för ytterligare endodontisk eller kirurgisk behandling och att identifiera variabler som påverkar progressionen för att ge ett bättre underlag för behandlingsbeslut. Röntgenbilder på rotfyllda tänder med apikal parodontit som lämnats utan åtgärd (n = 120) granskades avseende förändringen av den apikala parodontiten under minst en 3-års period under åren 2002-2011. Progression av den apikala parodontiten observerades i 22,5% av de studerade tänderna, trots att man sannolikt tidigare bedömt att den apika parodontiten inte behövde behandling eller att man kunde avvakta med behandling. Ingen av de studerade variablerna: den ursprungliga apikala parodontitens storlek, rotfyllningens längd, rotfyllningens täthet, typ av koronal restaurering eller den koronala restaureringens täthet befanns ha något samband med den apikal parodontitens progression.

Earlier research has shown that generational differences between younger-supervisors and older-workers may cause tensions that lead to team ineffectiveness. There is however still a lack of research in this area. This thesis presents possible tensions that might occur between a younger supervisor and an older worker due to their age and generational affiliation, and how these tensions affect the team dynamics. The empirical data collection was limited to the boundaries of the dental care industry where these generational/age differences between younger supervisor and older worker are common. The thesis looks at the tensions from a qualitative perspective and data was collected in the form of in-depth interviews with selected dentists and nurses.

En av de ledande dödsorsakerna i världen beror på övervikt och fetma, därför är det viktigt att barn utvecklar bra kostvanor under tidig ålder. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka sambandet mellan kostrelaterad övervikt/fetma och karies hos barn. Artiklarna söktes i den medicinska databasen PubMed. Åldersbegränsning gjordes på barn mellan 0-18 år på grund av att studien är fokuserad på barn. Resultatet baseras på 10 vetenskapliga artiklar.