African elephants (Loxodonta Africana) are kept all over the world in different kinds of enclosures. The enclosures are however often unsuitable for the elephants. Research has shown that elephants are nocturnal animals. Therefore it is important to keep elephants occupied, for instance by using enrichments, also at the night. Five elephants were studied at Borås djurpark, four elephants in one room and one elephant, named Nyoka, in one room.

Företag arbetar i dag aktivt med att stärka sina befintliga kundrelationer då det är dessa kunder som renderar störst lönsamhet. CRM? Customer Relation Management är ett vanligt använt begrepp när det gäller att arbeta kundorienterat.Företags insikt och kompetens om det förändringsarbete som införandet av ett CRM system innebär är ofta mycket låg vilket medför att upp till 55 procent av alla implementeringar inte når upp till förväntningarna. (Greenberg 2004)Syftet med uppsatsen är att, ur ett förändringsperspektiv se var i förändringsprocessen som problem uppstår, hos företag som implementerat CRM.Uppsatsen har genomförts som en fallstudie på Exportrådet och Eductus AB med en kvalitativ metodansats. Empirisk data har samlats in genom intervjuer med de ansvariga för införandet av CRM i bägge företagen.

The Swedish e-commerce has been established for about 25 years, with strong growth from the millennium onwards. The companies that are active within it has many different backgrounds. Mail order companies were some of the early adaptors but today it is also common for companies to first create the e-commerce part of the business, before opening a store. A long list of companies has over the years come and gone, the rotation of the e-shops that are popular have constantly changed. We asked ourselves why.We wanted to get an understanding of the Swedish e-commerce, both from a business perspective and from a customer perspective.

The creation of value is considered the core purpose and central process of economic exchange. Value creation is now conceptualized as shared by both producers and customers, and value is seen as fundamentally derived and determined in use, the integration and application of resources in a specific context, rather than in exchange, embedded in products and manifested as price. The field of research is abundant with publications but these do not fully further the understanding of value creation and co-creation in a way that is meaningful for theoretical development and decision making in business and marketing practise. Without a thorough understanding of the factors characterising value co-creation, the nature as well as content and locus of co-creation cannot be identified. In that case value co-creation easily becomes a concept without substance. Until now, individual publications on co-creation have focused on few or different aspects, have emphasized the process from either the customer?s or from  the firm?s vantage point, have different theoretical approaches and have ignored the complexity in interactions between actors.The purpose of this essay is to analyse how five fundamental aspects of co-creation of customer value are perceived in contemporary marketing literature. Discussing the different views on co-creation, this essay concludes that thoughthere are evident points of agreement, finding one generally valid doctrine of predestination or value co-creation is improbable.

AbstractTitel:How do established companies communicate with their existing customers? Level:C-level in the Business Administration Author:Jessica Axelsson and Trang Nguyen Thi Thu Supervisor:Per-Arne Wikström Date:2012-05 Aim:Our aim with this essay is to describe how an established company communicates with its existing customers. We want to explore which communication strategy the company applies to reach their customers. We also want to see what kind of communication the company applies to get to market more effectively and remain on the market longer. Method:The study is a qualitative case study where we have conducted a personal interview with the company president.

Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

Relationship Marketing - will banks be able to handle higher consumer mobility in the private market?The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of the factors that affect customer loyalty to the bank. Consumer mobility will probably increase as a result of political changes and pressures on the private banking market to become more competitive. This study was carried out using semi-structured interviews and were transcribed and analyzed with the help of models and theories centered on relationship marketing. The theories describe loyalty, the customer lifecycle and relationships between customers and organizations.

The aim of this study was to develop a load prognosis model for Uppsala district heating system to be used as a tool for heat production optimization. The methodwas to build three models for the different customer types; housing, industry andoffices and then scale them for the total system using data from Uppsala districtheating system. The heat load consists of two parts, one that is temperaturedependent and one that is dependent of the social behavior of the customers. Thetemperature part was modelled with an ARX model using an outdoor temperatureprognosis as input signal. The social behavior part was modelled using the mean ofthe social behavior from some days before and additionally by distinguishing betweenweekdays and weekends.

Practitioners of financial statement analysis are dependent on key ratios in a multiple number of situations, one in particular being equity valuation. A lack of historical benchmarks, and knowledge regarding the time series behaviour of such ratios, has been identified regarding Swedish companies. Therefore, this study sets out to provide such data and knowledge. Companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange are examined over the period 1979-2009 where the sample is divided into nine industry groups. Historical values for eight common key ratios are documented with regards to median, mean, standard deviation and percentiles.

Vardagen präglas av olika sorts kundkort som företagen använder för att lära känna kunderna och bygga långsiktiga relationer med dem. De företag som kan ge sina kunder en god och mer individuell service, dvs. vårda dem, har en stor konkurrensfördel. Många kortinnehavare känner sig dock inte unika vilket resulterar i att de inte är lojala mot företagen och att kundrelationerna försämras. Problemet ligger i att många företag saknar förmågan att analysera kundinformationen som lagras i databaserna för att fatta beslut rörande kundhantering.

In a time of economic turmoil and financial crisis profitability matters rise higher and higher on company agendas. Many companies are pressured to find profitability to avoid layoffs or even bankruptcy. Profitability essentially depends on the margin on the product or service sold and the costs associated with selling these products or services and hence these areas are of vital importance if companies are to improve profitability. Previous research has focused, for the most part, on product profitability while customer profitability has received less attention. This study is based on a case study of a Swedish publishing house and aims to investigate how the company?s Cost-to-Serve varies between its distribution channels.

Aim: The reason we made this report were to investigate what companies in Gävle implied was the most important factor for successful sales. The various questions to be answered are: 1. How important is the relationship in B2B? (Business to business) 2. Will VRM change the work with relationships within B2B? 3.

This is a dissertation for a Bachelor Degree Project at the University of Skövde. The project is carried out in cooperation with the company Kinnarps AB.The objective of this project was to develop a new chair for café and lunch rooms, which should satisfy the markets expectations and demands and match Kinnarps AB?s assortment today. The project has contained everything from identification of user and customer needs and requirements to evaluation and building of a prototype.The result is a chair with a frame of tubular steel and there is nothing like it in Kinnarps AB?s assortment today.

The essay concerns corporation?s usage and consumer?s attitude towards the phenomenon Big Data. The aim is to analyse whether corporation-management and future ambitions concerning consumer data coincide with attitudes and opinions of today's consumer, and how these opinions reflect consumer behaviour online. The essay is limited to focus on how companies use consumer data in order to better understand and improve the efficiency of their marketing. A self-composed analyse-model was created using previous studies concerning Internet-usage in Sweden, previous management analysis of corporations use of Big Data combined with theory of Cognitive Dissonance. A questionnaire was then created with the analyse model as foundation.

Kurs: 2FE73E, Examensarbete i företagsekonomi med inriktning marknadsföring, Ekonomihögskolan vid Linnéuniversitetet.Författare: Johanna Liikamaa & Erika GustafssonHandledare: Leif MarcussonExaminator: Richard OwusuUppsatsens titel: Förtroendeskapande mellan företag och kunder: en kvalitativ studie om hur sex svenska företag ser på förtroendeskapande gentemot kunder.Forskningsfråga: Hur arbetar svenska tjänsteföretag med förtroendeskapande gentemot kunder och potentiella kunder?Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att bidra med en undersökning kring förtroendeskapande gentemot kunder. Vi har två delsyften, vilka är att klargöra och analysera hur företagen arbetar med kundrelationer och lojalitet.Metod: Studien baseras på kvalitativ metod, datainsamlingen har skett genom öppna telefonintervjuer med sex företrädare från företag. Resultat: Genom studiens intervjuer och dess resultat har vi kommit fram till att företag är beroende av förtroende från deras kunder. Våra informanter har återgett att förtroendeskapandeåtgärder är värt mycket och att utan förtroende kommer man inte långt i sitt arbete. Detta beror troligen på att det inte enbart är produkten eller tjänsten som står i fokus utan ?hela paketet? i form av service och förtroendeskapande åtgärder med mera.