Sammandrag Syftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka hur elever upplever regler i sin skolmiljö, där skolkultur och ungdomskultur möts varje dag. Underlaget har vi hämtat genom enkäter och intervjuer på fyra olika gymnasieskolor. Vi har valt att använda två olika metoder för att få ett bredare datorunderlag. Enkäter har gjort att vi fått ut svar som är kvantitativa medan intervjuerna har gett svar som är kvalitativa och har ett djup som man inte går att få ut av enkäter. Elever och lärares åsikter har gjorts synliga angående regler om media användandet, kläder och språk i skolan.

The purpose of this study is examine how Afghan women experience leadership in Afghanistan and how they perceive their existence and involvement in the country?s development?s process. The study is limited to the women leadership and its diffculties in the afghan culture, tradition and religion. Based on men?s and women?s perspective, I want to examine how they look at women?s leadership and its different problem in the afghan society.

AbstractThis paper will examine the co-operation culture in teacher work teams in a primary school currently undergoing reorganization in the Stockholm region. This inquiry is based on qualita-tive interviews with teachers and work team leaders, and is aiming to answer how teachers co-operate during the reorganization process, to find the factors that affect co-operation. Our results show that the two teams practice communication, leadership and participation very differently. Currently there are clear differences in the work team?s tendency to develop and to work with the reorganization process, pedagogic methods, social and emotional awareness and ideological beliefs.

People move between countries and establish connections all over the world. This results in a need to solve problems with cross-border inheritances and partitions of joint property. Today these situations are regulated by the countries? own international private law. EU has adopted a constitution that harmonizes rules of jurisdiction and applicable law for inheritances but not the partition of joint property.

AbstractBackground: Relation means the relationship between two parts. By creating a good relation between nurse and patient you can conduce a better caring. Aim: The aim of the study was to illustrate the relation within palliative care from nurse- patient perspective. Method: The study is a literature review where ten articles were analysed with qualitative content analysis. Results: The findings showed that knowledge, communication, continuity, silence and availability were the most important thing for the nurse in the relationship.

This study is an attempt to shed light on problems and possibilities of the school library of the Swedish comprehensive school concerning library law and goals of the school and the school library. Many investigations about the role of the school library of the comprehensive school have been carried through. They have all more or less come to the same conclusions. In spite of Swedish library law and goal documents of the school library, the school libraries are often neglected, if not will and commitment are to be found among teachers. Using a model of the school organisation by Gunnar Berg, three cases of school libraries are presented and analysed in a larger organisational and political perspective.

Mankind has always been communicating, it is almost impossible to not communicate. The communication tree has grown a new branch, the environmental communication branch, and an ISO standard, the ISO 14 063 Environmental communication- guidelines and examples was issued October 2006. The purpose of this thesis is commissioned by the managing director of NQA Nordic AB in order to examine and analyse how organisations communicate environmental issues today, and how big the need for ISO 14 063 actually is, and further more if there are needs and wishes to make ISO 14 063 a certifiable standard. The main conclusion is that the there is a need for the standard, but it is difficult to say in which form since the knowledge about the standard is far to low among the organisations examined in this thesis. Clarity and transparency as ISO 14 063 promotes are important ingredients in organisations? environmental work, so sure a standard for environmental communication can help improve environmental performance, for example through opening up for two-way communication and from that on take part of the stakeholders? opinions.This study is based on a literature study and a questionnaire survey where 70 organisations (in this case authorities, corporations and non-governmental organisations) randomly chosen from the seven criteria, which ISO 14 001 defines as the environment: land, water, air, flora, fauna, natural resources and man and his collaboration with those.

Denna studie ämnade ta reda på hur organisationskulturen påverkades och hur kommunikationen förmedlades vid en fusion av fem myndigheter till en övergripande myndighet. Tillvägagångssättet var kvalitativt med semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Sexton mellanchefer från fem olika avdelningar intervjuades om hur de uppfattade sammanslagningen och hur de upplevde kommunikationen inför, under och efter denna fusion samt hur de upplevde att organisationskulturen hade påverkats. Vidare undersöktes huruvida de upplevt att regeringens mål och vision för fusionen framgått tydligt. Analysprocessen genomfördes genom att meningskoncentrera transkriberingarna från intervjuerna och dela in dessa i huvudteman med subkategorier i två matriser och sedan analysera och sammanfatta dessa under respektive huvudtema.

Companies in the apparel industry are becoming increasingly responsible with regards to the social and environmental issues related to textile production. Despite these tendencies, there are great insecurities surrounding the concept of CSR and the effects on consumers of CSR communication. There is currently no model for breaking the concept of CSR down into smaller elements, specific for the apparel industry. In the first part of this thesis, we create such a model, applicable in a consumer communication context. In the second part, we investigate the effects on consumer attitudes and intentions of communicating the different elements of CSR presented in the model.

Background: Today businesses are largely structured in projects and temporary organizations. In many companies, the ability to pursue projects is decisive for the business efficiency and competitiveness. The risk literature do not discuss identification and handling ofproject risk in building- and construction companies to a large extent, which has led us to investigate how project risk can be treated and handled in Swedish building- and construction companies. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to cover and describe business risk in Swedish building- and construction projects with focus on different risks and risk tools, and also to modify a model for evaluating the business risk maturity. Realization: This thesis has both traces of a case study and a cross-section study and examines eight different companies that are active in the building- and construction business.

AbstractThe aim of the research presented in this thesis is to study how interactional strategies are used by children and what these strategies mean or imply in the preschool cultural context. The theoretical point of departure in the study is the socio-cultural perspective (William Corsaro, Roger Säljö, Jim Wertsch). The study is a contribution to the field of research that focuses upon contextual issues and an overall way of seeing the child. This is in opposition to the strong traditional psychological perspective in the development of the child, where a focus upon the individual dominates in special education. This ethnographic study aims to answer the following research questions; What interactional strategies are co-constructed by the children in preschool play? How do the interactional strategies influence the creation of culture in preschool play? The children, 3-5 years olds, and their play situation were in focus.

In this paper I will discuss the occurrence of ceramic vessels in the graves of the Pitted ware culture on the island of Gotland, Sweden. I will focus on four sites and compare these sites, with hopes of finding some similarities or interesting differences. The sites are Ajvide in Eksta parish, Visby in Visby parish, Västerbjers in Gothem parish and Fridtorp in Västerhejde parish. The idea is to look at the grave goods, with focus on the ceramic vessels, or at least, the bottoms of the vessels, where one can clearly see that it's been deposited in the grave. I will try to analyze the vessels (shape and in some cases height), look where in the grave they've been placed, how many graves contain vessels, who's been given these vessels and if the vessels have filled a certain purpose once they've been deposited in the graves..

Umea? kommun har sedan 1995, med varierande intensitet, planerat fo?r en ny simhall som ska ersa?tta den gamla fra?n 1970. Det nu liggande fo?rslaget har mo?tts med skiftande a?sikter och de ma?nga kritiska handlar om ba?de fo?rslagets placering (mitt i centrala staden pa? en all- deles fo?r tra?ng tomt) och programmets omfattning (fo?r lite). Eftersom jag delar dessa kritiska a?sikter sa? har detta gett mig ett ypperligt tillfa?lle att som mitt examensarbete titta pa? hur jag anser att placeringen, omfattningen och gestaltningen av ett nytt badhus i Umea? ska se ut.Mina huvudsakliga fra?gesta?llningar har varit just placeringen, programmets omfattning samt naturligtvis a?ven gestaltningen av ett badhus fo?r Umea? kommun med sina 110 000 inva?nare.

Kommunikationsbyråerna intar nyckelpositioner i dagens marknadsekonomi där det läggs en stor tilltro i den enskilda individens rationella förmågor. Reklamen bemöts med mycket kritik men anses ändå vara ett kommunikationsmedium som kan säkerställa att de utbyten som sker på konsumentmarknaden verkligen är miljömässigt värdeskapande för de parter som ingår i utbytesprocessen. Studien bygger på kvalitativa samtalsintervjuer med personer på åtta olika kommunikationsbyråer i Sverige. Studien redogör för byråernas insyn i kundföretagen och de intervjuades åsikter och värdegrund i miljöfrågor. Byråerna har överlag interaktiva och långvariga kundrelationer som både säkerställer en god insyn i det beställande företaget.

AimThe aim of the present investigation was to study the side distribution (right, left) and possible gender differences in terms of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in different sports.MethodThis Register study comprises a total of 27856 subjects from the Swedish National Anterior Cruciate Ligament Register. Side- distribution and possible gender differences were analyzed. The different sports consisted of aerobics, alpine skiing, basket, cross-country skiing, dancing, enduro, floorball, gymnastics, handball, ice hockey/bandy, martial arts, outdoor activities, racket sports, snowboard, soccer, and volleyball. Due to injuries that had occurred in the traffic and at work 5076 subjects were excluded. Statistical data have been analyzed with one way ANOVA and x2 test and the Tukey post hoc test has also been used.