Med utgångspunkt i aggregerade och individuella inkomstdata diskuteras vilken roll upphovsrätten spelar som incitament för det kreativa utbudet i stort. Resultaten visar att kreatörer får små andelar av sina inkomster från upphovsrätt och obetydliga andelar från direkt från upphovsrätt, med vissa skillnader mellan olika grupper av skapare. Kreatörernas inkomster fördelas ojämnt och de små inkomsterna från upphovsrätten fördelas extremt ojämnt. Mot bakgrund av redan existerande utbudsöverskott samt omfattande substitut för upphovsrätten bedöms upphovsrättens incitament som svaga för utbudet i sin helhet..

In the tropics, logging and wild fire can result in degraded secondary forests with lower biodiversity than in the natural forest. One way to limit forest degradation is to rehabilitate the present large areas of secondary forests. However, there is a lack of knowledge concerning the ecology of tropical tree species and further studies would be advantageous for future rehabilitation efforts of degraded rainforest. The objective of this study was to investigate how mother trees in secondary forest and different site factors affect the abundance and spatial distribution of natural regeneration of non-pioneer tree species in a tropical rainforest in Sabah, Malaysia. The study took place in the INIKEA Forest Rehabilitation Project area, which suffered from wild fire in 1983 and has been selectively logged over both before and after the fire. Natural regeneration and site variables were inventoried in plots, while mother trees were inventoried in the whole survey area.

Background: In 2001 the European Commission presented legislation to require use of IASB standards named IAS/IFRS for all listed parent companies within the EU no later than 2005, to improve an internal market for financial services within the EU. This harmonisation of the accounting regulations answers to the social development of today with land-frontiers easier to cross, increased demands on an open financial market and the companies searching for risk capital outside the boundaries of the own country. International comparisons within accounting have consequently become more of current interest and necessary. When the requirement to use the IASB standards only is intended for the group accounting the remaining question is according to which regulations the parent companies will set up their annual financial reports. In Statens Offentliga Utredningar 2003:71(Swedish Government Official Reports) the parent companies are suggested to be given an opportunity to apply IAS/IFRS also in the annual financial report.

The purpose of this study was to determine if wellness benefits led to any changes in exercise habits among employed postmen. The study was a cross-sectional study carried out by a quantitative method. The collection of data took the form of a questionnaire. The sample consisted of 30 postmen employed at a post office in northern Sweden. The results show that of the postman who use health care benefits, there has been a relatively small change in exercise habits.

2004, the SSR, Akademikerförbundet, made a study on the threats and violence as a social secretary in the municipal social services are exposed in their occupation of the "social secretary of threats and violence at work" (T-110192), conducted by Temo ab. We have chosen to use the study on a smaller scale and then made contact with five municipalities in the middle of Sweden to investigate social secretaries experiences of threats and violence. Using the cross-sectional design and a convenience sample, we have gained access to data from 56 people. From a sociological perspective, we have chosen to use Norbert Elias theory of universal configuration and interdependence, and Michel Foucault?s theories concerning power search explanation for the existence of threats and violent situations in the contact between social workers and their clients..

The aim of this study has been to investigate a group of upper secondary school teachers? approach to work with the ethnic multi-culturalism that characterises the Swedish society of today and to point to the obstacles and possibilities the teachers see to work with this. With the help of interviews with eight teachers satisfying results could be reached. The results showed that it was possible to distinguish three different ways to think and act when it comes to the work with ethnic multi-culturalism in school and teaching. The approaches entailed different consequences on the way the teachers conduct their teaching.

Föreliggande studie vill undersöka hur fyra verksamma lärare i svenska som andraspråk, enligt dem själva, förstår och undervisar literacy i ett multimodalt samhälle. Genom en kvalitativ metod har de fyra lärarna intervjuats enskilt och deras svar har sedan placerats i redan befintliga teman från en studie av Cross (2011) som, tillsammans med ett sociokulturellt perspektiv, utgör teoretiska utgångspunkter och analysverktyg för denna studie. Det analyserade resultatet visar bland annat att lärarna fokuserar mycket på sociala och kulturella praktiker vid literacyundervisning och att de inkluderar multimodaliteter i begreppet literacy men att det får olika mycket utrymme i undervisningen beroende på tillfrågad lärare..

In Sweden, the labour movement historically had influenced both society and politics. In recent times, it is considered a change in society with a stronger employer party while the unions weakened by reduced unionisation. This study aims to highlight the presence of individualistic and collectivistic approaches to the labour market in relation to union density. The different approaches are investigated in the labour market by means of a quantitative survey. The study's survey items are workers in the timber industry.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sensory modality on short-term memory recall. An exploratory, cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 119 individuals participated. There were 70 female and 49 male subjects, aged 4 to 80 years (M=34,3). The participants were presented with 12 different objects in auditory, visual or auditory/visual mode over a period of 24 seconds.

Projektet behandlar det sublima i relation till arkitektur; både som händelse, diskurs och institution. Genom ett event som dynamisk förskjuter arkitekturens parametrar och sätter dessa i kontinuerlig förändring i relation subjekt-tid och objekt-rum. Ett gränsöverskridande erfarande av arkitektur..

Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att undersöka om Mt Memotekniks produkter uppfyller ISO/IEC 11801:2 standarden, eller om de med hjälp av kondensatorer kan klara kraven för överhörningar. Vi har även jämfört deras produkter med AMP?s Keystone jack som redan klarar kraven för Cat 6 standarden. Memoteknik tillverkar en kretskortsprodukt som består av nätverksmoduler för Ethernet. Dessa kabelsystem skall uppfylla en viss standard för kategori 6.

Clearcutting systems have been the dominating silvicultural approach during the last decades in the Nordic countries. While economically rational, it is also leading to a trivialisation of the flora and fauna, and may result in negative reactions of people in urban settings. As a consequence of this, and a more diversified view on which goods and services forests should deliver, there is an increasing interest in broadening the range of silvicultural methods that are used. The term continuous cover forestry (CCF) represents a suite of methods that have gained increasing interest in the Nordic countries. In CCF a considerable amount of the trees are left after harvest to favour values that require a continuity of tree-covered areas. There are thus hopes that this method will meet the needs for maintaining biodiversity and satisfy social and cultural values.

The aim of this project is to optimise the sawing patterns used for sawing Scots pine at Säters Ångsåg AB. The thesis has a theoretical approach and does not claim to be fully applicable in a practical point of view. The input used in this project is last year?s sales volumes and prices of sawn products. The input of the timber is collected from the database ?VIOL?.

För att framföra en timmerlastbil med 74 tons bruttovikt i svensk trafik,krävs ett tillstånd från Trafikverket. Tillståndet består av ett dokument somvisar vilka vägar och broar fordonet får trafikera och vilka regler som gällernär man kör lastbilen.Skogsbolaget Sveaskog startade ett examensarbete med syfte att skapamöjlighet att i realtid presentera för lastbilsföraren vilka vägar och broarsom är en del av transportdispensen. Detta skulle ske genom att utveckla ettkartstöd för lastbilens fordonsdator med anslutning till GPS för attvisualisera dispensdokumentet med de angivna vägsträckorna och broarna.Resultatet av examensarbetet är ett kartstöd som använder tjänster frånArcGIS Online för att presentera geografisk information för användaren.Bakgrundskartan består av en grundkarta från ArcGIS Online. Övergrundkartan ligger ett GIS-skikt med vägar och ett annat skikt med broar.Information om huruvida fordonet för närvarande färdas på en väg somingår i tillståndet eller inte, samt information om regler som gäller för broarpå vägavsnittet, presenteras för föraren i realtid. Denna informationuppdateras vid varje uppdatering av GPS-positionen..

Many organizations strive to be transnational. This means that individuals with different cultural background will work together. Countries around the world have their own culture, which mark the way individual?s think and act. Different values between leaders and their subordinates are often a key factor to misunderstandings and conflicts in transnational organisations.