Sandviken Energi producerar ungefär 220 GWh fjärrvärme och 20 GWh el varje år vid sin produktionsanläggning i Björksätra Sandviken. För att effektivisera denna produktion är en av de bättre lösningarna en sänkning av returtemperaturen.En sänkt returtemperatur innebär effektivare rökgaskondensering, mindre förluster till mark, sänkt pumpdrift och ökad leveranskapacitet.På uppdrag av Sandviken Energi så har denna utredning gjorts med syftet att påvisa hur mätvärden kan användas till mer än debitering och framförallt hur mätvärden kan användas för att identifiera anläggningar som påverkar returtemparaturen negativt.Anläggningar har identifierats beroende av returtemperatur, avkylning och storlek. Dessa faktorer har valts för att bäst identifiera de anläggningar som påverkar kollektivets returtemperatur på negativast sätt.En granskning har gjorts av de fem värst anläggningarna för att få en uppfattning om vilken typ av anläggningar som påverkar returtemperaturen negativt. Ytterligare en analys har sedan gjorts där en sänkning av returtemperaturen på 10?C beräknas på de 50 första identifierade anläggningarna.

This thesis examines the relationship between the marginalization of ornamentation during functionalist modernism and the effect it had on female graphic design practice. By examining the historiography from a gender and feminist theory of history I present a different way of interpreting, not only the history of graphic design but also the concept of graphic design. This thesis does not reach a conclusive result, instead it sets the foundation for further research and illustrates the opportunities that we as graphic designers have to benefit contemporary graphic design by critically reviewing and redefining our history through a diverse historiography..

Theft without break-ins has increased significantly in the last year of swimming, sports and leisure facilities in Karlskrona, more precisely 60%. Vandalism in the shape of graffiti is another common crime. The solutions are divided into social and situational crime prevention. Social crime prevention engage in actions that are based on social causes of crime rather than the opposite situational crime prevention, which instead assumes that discourage with the help of technical solutions and has as primary objective to hinder accessibility for example theft friendly goods. The main purpose of this work is to come up with solutions to prevent these crimes, while also being cost-effective and realistic to implement. The work is important in that it creates safety awareness and promotes a healthy safety culture. Moreover, the future goal is to lower these statistics. The goal of the work is in addition to developing our knowledge of crime subject, was also to provide help and solutions for our clients.

In this thesis we propose a conceptual plan for thedevelopment of an Agroforestry Training Centre (ATC)in Musoma, Tanzania. The aim is to make a proposalto support peasant education in agroforestry. How canan ATC in Musoma be developed into a stimulatingand educational park suitable for teaching agroforestrymethods to peasant farmers and other potential users?To answer that a field study was conducted to investigatehow our client Vi Agroforestry Programme (Vi) and thetarget groups of the client can benefit from the site.The thesis begins with a short explanation of thecontext, in which the ATC plays a part followed by amethodology chapter. Next are three chapters presentedwhich introduce the reader to the research conductedbefore starting the proposal, these include: results ofliterature studies, study of precedents, and results of fieldstudy.

Den här uppsatsen är skriven på uppdrag av GrenseTjänsten Morukulien, vilken är en organisation som hjälper personer, företag och andra organisationer som har ärenden i både Sverige och Norge.Syftet med uppsatsen är att jämföra levnadskostnaderna för en tvåbarnsfamilj i Arvika- och Kongsvinger Kommun. Detta görs genom att se vilken familj som har störst köpkraft. Med köpkraft menas hur mycket man kan konsumera för sin disponibla inkomst.Levnadskostnaderna jämförs för en genomsnittlig tvåbarnsfamilj. Undersökningen bygger på att alla kostnader läggs i boendelandet. Vidare utgås det ifrån att båda familjerna har samma konsumtionsbeteende som en genomsnittlig svensk tvåbarnsfamilj med jämförbar inkomst.

In recent years, customer profitability has become a focal point of academic discussions on business performance. However, researchers remain divided as to how evaluation of customers ought to be conducted, resulting in uncertainty of how accounting systems should be adapted to prevailing conditions. This paper aims to investigate the application of customer accounting techniques and the role they play in the organisational and commercial context in which they take place. In a case study of Billerud, a Swedish company providing materials and services for packaging solutions, the interplay between customer accounting techniques and customer relationship characteristics has been examined through the application of a theoretical framework developed by Lind and Strömsten. Particular emphasis has been put on deviations from the prescribed pattern of the framework.

I tidigare projekt sa? har man kunnat pa?visa att va?derskyddets inta?kter ofta a?r i samma storleksordning som kostnaden den tillfo?r. Det har dessutom varit tydligt att fo?rdelarna med ett va?deroberoende byggande ofta la?ngt o?verva?ger nackdelarna. Trots detta sa? kan det vara sva?rt fo?r byggentrepreno?ren att fa? med va?derskydd i kalkylen och vinna upphandling da? va?derskyddet ej inga?r i fo?rfra?gningsunderlaget.

This study was carried out as a commission from Holmen Skog, district ?Egen skog? in Norrköping. During October 2006 several stands were inventoried by aerial photos from helicopter. The stands were those for which the next action proposed was plant inventory or plant check. The photos were interpreted and the number of stems was calculated.

Background: Oil is the most dominating source of energy of today, it constitutes for more than 40 per cent of the worlds total energy consumption. This together with the fact that stock in oil companies has soared on the stock exchanges around the world makes oil a very interesting topic to write within. In order to gain knowledge in how to value oil companies, the authors will collect information from theory and through a questionnaire. By applying the information gathered to three companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange the authors will reach an objective picture of valuation of oil companies.Purpose: To investigate how shares of stock are valuated in the oil exploring and producing industry, and what specific measures and metrics that are used in the valuation of stocks in Exploring and Producing (E&P) companies.Method: By using a qualitative approach for this thesis, the authors will investigate how the valuation of oil companies works and what measures that should be applied. The authors will use a part descriptive and part explorative study.

During the past few years an increased attention has been paid to environmental issues in the construction and property sector in Sweden. In order to simplify the work with these issues a Swedish environmental certification system for buildings called Miljöbyggnad has been developed. This thesis aims to investigate the opinion of a selected number of selected property owners of Miljöbyggnad. From that basis recommendations and actions for the future work with the system will be presented.The investigation has been conducted through personal interviews with five property owners. The main issues that the interviews have been based on are their purpose, experiences, perceived complications and future prospects in terms of certification using Miljöbyggnad.The system intends to be cost-effective, simple and to offer a relevant environmental assessment of buildings and the result from the report indicates that this is largely fulfilled.

Competition of spruce fiber raw materials has increased dramatically in the last few years, leading to the fact that transportation costs in the current situation represents a much larger share of the total raw material cost. The Holmen-owned pulp industry Hallsta Paper Mill's location on the coast also constitutes a problem, because of the lack of raw material, which is much larger there, than for a pulp mill located in the hinterland. For a coastal industry it?s therefore natural to import much of the raw material by boat or to buy it from the timber terminals, in order to maintain good profitability. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the size of Hallsta Paper Mill timber supply area, without competition, with competition and with terminal use, affects the company ?s transport costs.

Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att ta fram ett snabbfäste för ramar åt Roxtec International AB på Verkö i Karlskrona. Examensarbetet har följt metoden för Integrerad produktutveckling av Fredy Olsson. Av denna metod har två områden berörts: Principkonstruktion samt Primärkonstruktion. Primärkonstruktionen är uppdelad i två delar där den ena behandlar komponentval och detaljkonstruktion, och den andra innefattar framtagning av prototyp och en ekonomisk kalkyl. Problemställningen var följande: Att ta fram ett snabbfäste för små ramar.

Uppsatsens syfte är att beskriva och analysera kommuners kostnadskalkyler och taxekonstruktioner. Undersökningen är genomförd i form av en multipel fallstudie. Inledningsvis genomförde vi en förstudie som syftade till att kategorisera Skåne kommuners avfallshantering. Vi har också skapat en modell som vi använt både för att skapa en referensram och vid analys. För vår analys har vi utgått från de rättsprinciper som finns på området samt de riktlinjer som Renhållningsverksföreningen ger ut angående taxekonstruktion.

A Swedish electronics company wants to make the cooling of one of their electronic components more efficient. They propose that a retrofit liquid cooler is the way to achieve this goal. The current air cooling has high energy cost due to the high amount of power needed to power fans and heat exchangers. Using high volumes of air for cooling also leads to noise pollution. The conversion from air to liquid cooling would possibly make the operation of the electronics more cost efficient and less noisy.The purpose of this project is to theoretically evaluate different concepts of drawing the heat generated by the electronic component in to a fluid, using numerical calculations in Matlab and FEM simulations in ANSYS.

Bakgrund: Pågående arbeten är ett omdebatterat område där valet av redovisningsmetod får stor inverkan på det redovisade resultatet. Det finns två metoder att tillgå; successiv vinstavräkning och färdigställandemetoden. Beroende på val av metod ställs olika krav på t ex styrning, kalkyler och ekonomisystem. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att visa på hur redovisning av pågående arbeten sker såväl internt som externt i de företag vi studerar och därmed beskriva sambanden mellan extern och intern redovisning. För att erhålla en helhetsbild av pågående arbeten vill vi även studera styrningens, kalkylens och ekonomisystemets roll i ett projekt.Genomförande: Både litteratur och empiri har studerats.