Då stora vägprojekt ska utredas genomförs en samhällsekonomisk kalkyl för att ta reda på hur stor nyttan av projektet blir för samhället. Det kan vara komplicerat att ekonomiskt värdera de olika ingående delarna samt att veta vilka parametrar som verkligen ger effekt i projektet. I storstäderna gör den högre tätheten att andra konsekvenser för ekonomin, miljön, kapacitetsutnyttjande med mera blir annorlunda än på landsbygden, andra brister uppkommer i beräkningsverktygen. Utifrån en belysning av de problem som finns i dagens beräkningsmetod ges förslag till utveckling av beräkningsverktyget EVA (Effektberäkning vid väganalyser) och Effektsamband 2000 genom att ta fram förslag för hur kostnader eventuellt skulle kunna hanteras i beräkningarna. De brister i beräkningsmodellerna som har framkommit gäller bland annat deras enkelhet i storstadsanalyser och att de inte är flexibla. I beräkningarna tas inte heller de ökade samhällsekonomiska kostnaderna upp som uppstår då innerstadsnära bostads- och kontorsbyggen inte blir av.

Background: The construction industry is Sweden?s single most important industry branch with a significant influence on Sweden?s wealth. The political restrictions that once controlled the industry are today almost gone. This combined with an unbalanced supply and demand situation on the Swedish constructions market, caused by urbanisation, has led to increased pressure on the Swedish construction companies who now are forced to find new methods in their struggle to contain or increase their competitive advantage. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to survey: which strategic variables are of great importance in today?s Swedish construction industry with focus on the four main actors, JM, NCC, PEAB and Skanska.

The aim of this two year master thesis is to analyze how digital preservation is presented as a problem in the Swedish national strategy for the digitization and digital preservation of the Swedish cultural heritage. In order to study which assumptions about digital preservation exists within the strategy I apply the discourse oriented methodological tools presented by Carol Lee Bacchi, which focuses on discerning what problem or, rather, representation of a problem exists within a specific policy. This study is a post-structuralist discourse analysis. The main focus of the study is on what assumptions and prerequisites the dominating representation of the problem is based upon and how the representation has evolved. The main material of the study consists of public investigations conducted by the Swedish state, governmental propositions and replies as well as other public documents upon which Bacci's methodological tools are applied.Results show that digital preservation is primarily interpreted as a financial problem as the national strategy and its surrounding documents stress the need of cost-efficient solutions.

Title: GMO Food ProductsThe issue of marketing and selling them in Europe - A Business and Legal Perspective.Author: Shane KingSupervisors: Anneli Carlsson and Ewa RabinowiczProblemThe European Unions regulations in regard to GMO?s and the approval process for both release into the environment, and onto the market, has been under fire by the USA along with Canada and Argentina. The WTO has ruled on this issue in favour of USA et al.The problem that was identified was in regard to consumer opinion in the EU. How could the EU meet its numerous international trade obligations while at the same time meetingthe needs of the citizens of the Union? Added to that was the issue of whether or not the?EU? perspective was indeed an EU perspective or rather the perspective of a fewMember States.

This thesis describes the planning and development of a volume meter of pine and spruce cones. The product was designed and developed for Stigsjö Skog och Frö AB in Härnösand. It was developed taking into account a number of requirements set by the supervisor David Zetterlund. The main requirements were that the volume measurement would be fast and give accurate results. These are two requirements that are missing in today's volume measuring method which is very problematic for the company.The plant was visited several times in Härnösand, mainly to discuss the generated concepts with the supervisor and perform tests on the prototype.

Flexible working conditions is used extensively in organizations today as a way tocreate flexibility for the employer. Recently we?ve been reading in the newspapersthat this approach is a growing problem and the EU has warned Sweden twice thatabuse of these forms of employment must be stopped. The Government has recentlysubmitted a proposed rule change to reduce the possibility of stacking one temporarycontract after another. Borlänge kommun makes themselves more flexible with theintermittent employments.

Syftet med följande analysstudie är att undersöka huruvida Panofskys ikonologiska bildanalysmodell är applicerbar på bilder/verk ifrån olika tider med olika konstbegrepp. Var, hur och när fungerar Panofskys modell som allra bäst och när gör den det mindre bra? För att kunna få svar på följande fråga valde författarna att, utifrån Panofskys metod, analysera tre bilder/konstverk ? en från Romantiken, en från Modernismen och en från Postmodernismen ? där man använder olika konstbegrepp, med andra ord där synen på konst skiljer sig åt. Resultatet, vilket härleds ur författarnas slutgiltiga tolkningar och analyser, visade att Panofskys modell var fullt applicerbar på samtliga typer av konst, dock var den mer eller mindre lämplig beroende på vilken typ av konst man studerade. Vid analysen av konstverket ifrån Romantiken var denna exemplarisk, vid analysen av det abstrakta konstverket ifrån Modernismen var steg 1 en aning svårgenomförbart vilket i detta fall [vilket inte alltid behöver förekomma vid analyser av abstrakt konst] berodde på verkets komplexitet och avslutligtvis, vid analysen av konstverket ifrån samtidskonsten, var denna fullt applicerbar, och detta borde även vara fallet då man analyserar annan Postmodern konst så länge man känner till och/eller kan finna tillräckligt med information om konstnären och dennes omvärld..

Detta examensarbete för högskoleingenjörsexamen i Berg och Mineralteknik utfördes på uppdrag av Boliden Mineral AB under perioden från april till juni 2013.Rapporten beskriver Bolidens gruvors historia och uppkomst samt utveckling av ett av Sveriges största metallföretag, Boliden. Vidare beskrivs Skelleftefältets geologi där Boliden finns. Här finns många viktiga malmfält som innehåller guld, zink, koppar, silver och bly.Målet med examensarbetet var att undersöka och ge riktlinjer för förbättring av ommalningen i en kulkvarn i anrikningsverkets flotationskrets för att förbättra processutbytet.Rapporten följer malmens väg från gruvan genom anrikningsverket och vidare till slutprodukten. I den beskrivs metoder och utrustning för utvinning och i anrikningsprocessen.Genom att noggrant följa malmens väg analyserades alla moment som kan påverka anrikningsprocessen. Det upptäcktes att det finns problem med malmupplaget i gruvan och segregering av fraktioner i silon.

This thesis aims at determining the heat losses in a property vent stack and its roof valve. Upon request of a company, the vent stack is analysed for possible heat recovering solutions to be implemented, while relining of the drain system is executed and with a suitable payback time for the economic investments. The heat loss calculations are based on data for properties that are located in the Stockholm region, but also easy to change depending on the situation. The calculations are done on pipes made out of cast iron, which still is the most common type of drain pipe in Sweden, and these are the pipes that relining is usually made on. The calculations that needed to take several variables into account have been done in MatlabR2014a and the thermos dynamical properties that were used in those calculations have been extracted from EES.Three different types of heat losses in the vent stack have been taken into consideration in this thesis.

Vid kemisk massatillverkning finns behov av mättekniker som möjliggör ytterligare optimering av processen. Möjligheten att analysera svartlut med hjälp av aktiv akustisk spektrometri utreddes genom att ett online instrument konstruerdes och installerdes på ett pappersbruk. Analyser med multivariata metoder utfördes på resultaten. På grund av yttre omständigheter försenades arbetet, och ett tillräckligt dataunderlag för en definitiv slutsats erhölls ej. En rad vidare arbeten föreslås..

The value of game for hunting from a social economic viewpoint is an interesting topic that is currently being investigated in a Swedish research program. The amount of damages that the game stocks cause to the forestry is, and has been in focus for a longer period of time. Something that I saw as missing was an investigation of how much an active game keeping measure might cost in lost incomes for forestry in terms of reduced acreage for forest production. This question was the foundation for this investigation, which purpose is to give interested persons with decent knowledge of forestry an example of how cost estimation for forestry resembling the example that is studied can look like. The measures that has been taken is a felling of forest in different ages on both sides of a forest dirt road to create increased asset of forage for the game, and at the same time give hunters that have their post along the dirt road a better chance of seeing passing animals early and increasing the possibility to shoot good shots. The area, which is a part of The Swedish Association for Hunting and Wildlife Management estate Öster Malma, is also used as an example for guests who wish to learn more about managing ungulates. These guests have now got the opportunity to get information on how big the costs are for the measures that have been taken. The main conclusions of this work is that changed timber prices and foremost a change of interest rate makes big differences on the result of the calculations.

This project is based on my fathers farm which lays outside Löberöd, twenty kilometres south of Eslöv in Skåne. While my family for some time have thought about building a new milkingstable with AMS(Automatic milking system) I decided to compare the AMS with a conventional milkingstable. We are abit concerned about how many cows we should have in the new stable. Because of that I calculated with two different number of cows. I have compared three different types of milking stables: One alternative is 180 cows milked in a double eigth hearing bone milking stable. The second alternative is 128 cows milked with two DeLaval VMS-robots. The third alternative is 171 cows milked with three DeLaval VMS-robots. One salesman from DeLaval and one salesman from A-betong helped me to get marketprices on the milkingrobots, building, ventilation and prices on all the concrete. In all the costs labour is included. The rest of the costs are calculated in a softwareprogram called K-data 03 which is a program with predicted costs. The calulations from the program showed that the price in the milkingpit system was 51 000 sek per cow.

The thesis has been written as a part of the Bachelor degree in Industrial engineering and management at the School of Engineering in Jönköping. The work is focused on the part of Husqvarna AB?s supply chain that is associated with the lorry transports to Italy. Husqvarna AB has approximately ten Italian customers, whose delivery patterns have been studied from January 2007 to July 2008. Some of the customers have a low delivery frequency and small amounts of goods that they therefore have not been fully analyzed in this report.

Today cultivation of cereal in Sweden has high costs for establishment in relation to the rest of the world, and if this cultivation will be able to continue, the farmers have to control their costs. It is important to see all costs, not the maximum harvest achieved, but the net result. All farmers have different conditions with respect to soil, direction of the farm and were the farm is located geographically. With the right knowledge and ambitions, we think most farmers could change to reduced tillage. In this paper we have tried to find out if reduced tillage is an alternative for farmers.

In this thesis we propose a conceptual plan for thedevelopment of an Agroforestry Training Centre (ATC)in Musoma, Tanzania. The aim is to make a proposalto support peasant education in agroforestry. How canan ATC in Musoma be developed into a stimulatingand educational park suitable for teaching agroforestrymethods to peasant farmers and other potential users?To answer that a field study was conducted to investigatehow our client Vi Agroforestry Programme (Vi) and thetarget groups of the client can benefit from the site.The thesis begins with a short explanation of thecontext, in which the ATC plays a part followed by amethodology chapter. Next are three chapters presentedwhich introduce the reader to the research conductedbefore starting the proposal, these include: results ofliterature studies, study of precedents, and results of fieldstudy.