To create multifunctional buffer strips along a watercourse in an economically sustainable way requires consideration of many different factors. In this plan we have selected pollutant reduction as the main purpose of the buffer strip. We have also strived to achieve minimal income loss due to reduced production, increased biological diversity, good game preservation that leads to higher income from hunting, aesthetical satisfaction and possibility to profit from available subsidies. This is done mainly to make landowners/farmers more interested in creating buffer strips along water courses.As sand is the dominant type of soil in the area, the water course is less affected by surface runoff compared to if the soil would be clay or some other finer texture. Game preservation and subsidies have therefore been the main factors when establishing the width of the strip, because these require wider buffer strips in some cases.

BackgroundResearch shows that the majority of patients feel anxiety before and during anesthesia. It has been shown in several studies that preoperative anxiety may cause adverse effects in the postoperative course. Nurse anesthetists have a key role in creating a safe environment and the opportunity to use different interventions to reduce the degree of anxiety.AimThe aim of the study was to examine which interventions may reduce anxiety in adult patients before and during both general, local and regional anesthesia.DesignSystematic literature review with a quantitative approach.ResultsSeveral studies indicate that gabapentin and pregabalin can reduce anxiety before and during anesthesia. The anxiety reducing effect appeared to be dose dependent. The naturopathic drugs Citrus aurantium blossom and Passiflora incarnata Linneaus were found to reduce anxiety before anesthesia.

AimThe Swedish government has allocated a milliard Swedish Crowns on the project ?Ett handslag med idrotten?, (A handshake with sports), to make it possible for more children to participate in sports. The project goes on for four years and my work is an evaluation of the projects that have received fundings from Gästriklans Idrottsförbund for the second year. One aim is to see how many pupils that have been involved with the projects and especially the numbers of pupils earlier not active in a sport club and the number of girls. It is interesting to see what?s in common in the sport clubs that have had a large number from those two groups.

This master thesis consists of an investigation of the profitability per hectare in privatly owned forest land. The investigation is based on data collected from Skogsstyrelesen, Riksskogstaxeringen and Skogsforsk. During the last twenty years the prices on pulp wood and saw log have substantial decreased, but during the same time the the volumes from final felling have increased and the cost for felling has decreased, this investigation shows how the netprofit per hectARE after final felling has changed between year 1980-2005 This investigation shows that that the netprofit has stayed on a stable level during the years 1985-2005 even though prices pulp wood and saw log decreased. Much indicates that the demand of swedish pulp wood and saw log will continue to be strong or even stronger wich will give increased prices and an higher netprofit after final felling in the future.

Future emission legislation puts great emphasis on increasing the efficiency of the engine, thereby reducing fuel consumption. The tribological contact between cylinder liner and piston ring is where an great amount of energy is lost due to friction, and by reducing these losses an reduction in fuel consumption can be achieved.The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the tested piston ring coatings against a plasma sprayed cylinder liner and rank these combinations of materials for friction and wear resistance. The coatings that were tested was Cr + Al2O3, (Al,Cr)N, two types of CrN and WC / C.The experimental tests were performed with a so-called pin-plate, where used oil with addition of an acidic mixture of sulfuric and nitric acid to mimic the acidic condensate formed when exhausts recirculate, were added with a continuous flow. The results were then analyzed by weighing, studies by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and profile measurements.The results from each material combination were that the plasma coated cylinder liner wears too aggressively in order to yield a ranking of the piston ring coatings based on the parameters of friction and wear resistance. It is therefore proposed that an alternative coating on the cylinder liner should be developed, lacking the large abrasive wear on piston rings and that can withstand the corrosive environment resulting in engines equipped with EGR.

The purpose of this developmental research was to test the new way of working when the students were to take part in planning of cooking during the lessons in home and consumer studies, because the aim of the school is to teach the students to take the responsibility for their studies. The two first lessons should be used by students in the group to plan and organize their meal. During the third lesson the students must be responsible for cooking ready their meal and afterwards they must evaluate the results. The results of this new way of working was new for the students and they thought it was fun to be responsible for cooking during these lessons in home economics. The students in the groups were of wixed ability and they developed their knowledge from the levels of their ability.

Studien undersöker förekomsten av brukarinflytande vid implementeringen av det första sprututbytet i Stockholms län. I studien ges en bakgrund till Sveriges narkotikapolitik och hur dess utvecklingen har sett ut från 70- talet fram till idag. I bakgrunden till studien presenteras ett governace-perspektiv på brukarinflytande och de deliberativa processer där brukarinflytande är en naturlig del av policyprocessen.Syftet med studien är undersöka förekomsten av brukarinflytande i implementeringsdelen av den besluts- policyprocess som ledde fram till sprututbytets öppnande i april 2013.Studiens teoretisk ramverk består av teorier som ifrågasätter givenheten i governance-synsättet på brukarinflytande genom hänvisning till svårigheter med aktörskap och risken med konstruerat brukarinflytande.Forskningsstrategin som studien utgår ifrån är intervjuer med utvalda respondenter som har varit delaktiga vid implementeringen av sprututbytet samt brukarorganisationer som representerar och företräder sprututbytets målgrupp.Resultatet av studien visar på en svag förekomst av brukarinflytande vid implementeringen av sprututbytet. Det brukarinflytande som kan anses har förekommit har varit på en individuell nivå och icke-formaliserat.I analysen presenteras tre möjlig förklaringar till den svaga förekomsten av brukarinflytande vid implementeringen av sprututbytet samt en analys om svårigheter med aktörskap vid implementeringen kopplat till studiens teoretiska ramverk..

Syftet med arbetet är att få en förståelse för moss-sedumtakets bullerdämpande egenskaper. Jag kommer även att försöka förutsäga med hjälp av akustikteori vilken utav de två olika uppbyggnadssystemen av moss-sedumtak som ger den bästa bullerdämpande effekten.Mätningarna kommer att bestå i att registrera ljudtrycksnivån i rummet, vid varje oktavband i frekvensområdet 125-4000 Hz. Först utan moss-sedummattan och sedan med moss-sedum mattan. Storleken på differensen i ljudnivån ger en bild av i vilket frekvensområde som ljudabsorptionen är effektivast. För att ytterliggare öka förståelsen för hur moss-sedum absorberar ljud så kommer även absorptionsfaktorn att beräknas.

Huvudsyftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka effekterna av aggressionsersättningsträning (ART) program på tre kriminalvårdsanstalter och två frivårdskontor. Huvudfrågeställningen som belyses i studien är: förändras deltagarna i ART-program med avseende på empati och attityder till kriminalitet? För att besvara dessa frågor har vi utfört för- och eftertester på tre kriminalvårdsanstalter och två frivårdskontor. Instrumenten som användes i testerna är Davis Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) och Mill's Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA).Slutsatserna som kan dras utifrån denna studie är att den emotionella empati-komponenten "personal distress" visar en minskning som kan förklaras av interaktionen med ART.The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Aggression Replacement Training (ART) program in some of the prisons and probation authorities of the Swedish correctional system. The specific questions we are trying to answer are: (1) does ART-program change the clients' empathic concern and (2) does ART-program help in changing participants' attitudes towards criminality? This investigation is based on a quantitative inquiry consisting of Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) and Measures of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA) tests.The overall results of this study indicate that the emotional empathy-component "personal distress" shows a statistically significant reduction, which can be explained by the interaction with ART..

SammanfattningI dagens miljöfokuserade samhälle ställs det allt högre krav på den tunga fordonsindustrin varvid den gällande miljölagstiftningen skärpts i flera steg de senaste åren. Scania tillverkar tyngre fordon och motorer som alla måste följa de kommande utsläppskraven. Detta innebär att motorernas utsläpp måste reduceras varför avancerade efterbehandlingssystem har införts i ljuddämparen. En metod för att rena avgaserna från kväveoxider är SCR-teknologi (Selective Catalytic Reduction). Denna teknik bygger på att en urealösning sprutas in i avgasflödet.

To create multifunctional buffer strips along a watercourse in an economically sustainable way requires consideration of many different factors. In this plan we have selected pollutant reduction as the main purpose of the buffer strip. We have also strived to achieve minimal income loss due to reduced production, increased biological diversity, good game preservation that leads to higher income from hunting, aesthetical satisfaction and possibility to profit from available subsidies. This is done mainly to make landowners/farmers more interested in creating buffer strips along water courses. As sand is the dominant type of soil in the area, the water course is less affected by surface runoff compared to if the soil would be clay or some other finer texture. Game preservation and subsidies have therefore been the main factors when establishing the width of the strip, because these require wider buffer strips in some cases.

This degree project has been carried out in cooperation with Enertech AB in Ljungby and is pilot study to automating all current manual soldering. The soldering process accounts for a large part of the processing cost in the production of a heat pump. The process is also a quality risk and has a major impact on the lifetime of the final product.The Main task of this project has been to evaluate automation of the soldering process, to develop automation solutions and a principle layout, to draw the design changes required for the automation and to calculate the supposed solution.This pilot study has resulted in a suggested automation solution using laser as a heat source for soldering. Calculations of the solution show that a automating a laser soldering cell is very profitable..

The present essay concerns the Levinasian understanding of responsibility in relation to the two spheres that Levinas introduces in his second major work Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence, namely the Saying and the Said. The essay investigates some of the different meanings that the concept responsibility takes on in regard to these two spheres, and thus also in regard to the separation between the ethical and the political that is apparent in the book. Is it possible to find a politically uttered responsibility in Levinas Otherwise than Being or Beyond Essence?The essay wants to emphasize the continuous transition between the ethical or the Saying and the political or the Said, and vice versa, with the purpose of showing how the two spheres may be conceived simultaneously. By posing the relationship between the two as a reciprocal rather than a oppositional one, the essay aims to suggest that an understanding of responsibility at once must be ethical and political.

Idag lever cirka 40-65% av Sveriges befolkning med kronisk smärta. Påverkan av kronisk smärta på en persons livsstil varierar, en del ser smärtan som en olägenhet i vardagen medan andra upplever att smärtan påverkar varje aspekt av livet. Det är inte lätt att behandla kronisk smärta då variationer på smärtan är många och diagnosen ofta är osäker. Alternativa metoder för att behandla smärta blir allt vanligare och en sådan metod är mindfulness. Syftet med studien var att beskriva den samlade kunskapen kring mindfulness verkan hos personer med kronisk smärta.

Abstract The subject of this thesis is the priority rules that apply in connection with mining activity. Already back in the 1800s, there were rules in the so-called Lego Charter concerning protection of workers, mainly servants. When the first modern trade union was founded in the 1870s, also developed a collective agreement. These agreements were the order of priority clauses had to intend to ensure employees' working lives. Exceptions had to be done by ensuring that individual employees' dependents. In 1974 the Act on employment entry and had intended to protect older workers.