Efficiency has become an important objective for many providers of welfare services. Among Swedish schools, both private and public, increased administrative demands seemingly influence operations, and affect teachers negatively through perceived stress. Simultaneously, Swedish students scored an all-time low in the latest PISA survey, and are now performing below the OECD-average in science, mathematics and reading. A central administrative task in the Swedish elementary school is the parent-teacher conference, which is an important activity in supporting the development of the student's knowledge and social skills. Lean is a well-established operations framework, which has proven successful in order to improve process efficiency.

This case study has its starting point in an unpublished study where the results showed that there is a conflict between the leadership and the employees in a private company. The conflict is identified as a result of the company leadership is steering for cost savings and efficiency The aim of this study is through analysis of  the open questions in a quantitative survey describe how the staffs  attitudes and culture is affecting the leadership of the organization. The ideological aspect is very clear and through the aspect of the structural differences between the public and private sector makes it possible to identify the staff?s social rules, ideology and group norms.  These are shown to be in conflict with the economical perspective of the private sector.

When constructing a building, a number of aspects must be harmonized in order for it to fulfill requirements ? a building must fulfill requirements such a load-bearing, conservation of energy and a good indoor environment by means of, among other things, moisture proofing .Moisture problems in buildings can affect health negatively. As we are increasingly staying in indoors, demands on a good indoor environment are higher.This work starts with examining moisture problems in slab-on-ground solutions, and then links the various scenarios to moisture problems in a concrete slab of a real building. The building with moisture problems is located in Årby by in Borlänge and moisture damage was found in the slab at an apartment adjoining wall.By reviewing literature written within the field of moisture problem, making hand calculations and modeling in the program Comsol Multiphysics, judgments are made to find explanations as to why the rise of moisture occurred in the building in Årby by.Generally, the following guidelines may be used to reduce the risk of moisture problems in slab-on-ground constructions:Drying of construction moisture before laying the floor material.Using draining layer beneath the slab, to prevent capillary suction.Using insulation under the slab, partly for comfort and to establish the temperature difference between the ground and the concrete slab.Avoid direct contact between the wood and concrete, due to degradation and fouling smells that normally occurs.If necessary, use additional vapor barrier.In addition to the above, there are various methods for moisture-proof and moisture-monitoring by design or by the method ByggaF suited for the entire construction process various events..

Title:Change strategies in the transition towards a cashless banking systemLevel:Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business AdministrationAuthor:Elin Lånström och Vildana SmailagicSupervisor:Stig SörlingDate:August 2013Aim:In our study, we compare what it is that drives a bank to implement changes in their business, what problems these changes may bring, and how organizations deal with these. We do this by studying how different banks choose to relate to the handling of cash.The questions we ask ourselves are:? What lies behind the decision to make changes in cash management?? How is the change implemented in practice?? What do banks think this change will mean for the future?Method:The study was conducted with the help of a qualitative scientific method. We conducted interviews with representatives of four banks, and made use of secondary data in the form of scientific literature and scientific articles.Result & Conclusions:Organizations implement changes in order to adapt and achieve balance with their environment but also within the organization itself. Our study shows that the decision to introduce cashless branches is mainly a result of banks' efforts to become more cost efficient.

I have through a case study looked on a milkingfarm in Dalarna and been counting on what it would cost to increase the silagestorage. Today they have to little capacity on the existing towersilo because they built a bigger farm with more cows. The reason is that two families decided to start having the production on one farm together and moved all animals from one of the farms to the other farm. So for that reason I have looked on the costs to build a new towersilo or levelsilo. The goal has been not only to look at the buildingcost but also which operatingcost that is included with the different alternatives. I have taken tenders from two different towersilocompany, Bjurenwall and Svenska Neuero and taken tenders from Abetong for a levelsilo with roof and one without roof. The overall feed requirements on the farm is on 240 tonnes dry extract and the old towersilo hold 110 tonnes dry extract so the need for a new foundation is on 130 tonnes dry extract. I have through cost estimate been counting on the specific buildingcost for each buildingaltenative.

Vi lever i en föränderlig värld där aktiemarknaden är en komplex miljö. Att fatta välgrundande beslut på aktiemarknaden är svårt för investerare, som  därmed samlar in all den information som finns tillgänglig. Den redovisning och information som företag lämnar ifrån sig är utformad genom en avvägning mellan kostnader och nytta, som kallas Cost Constraint. Ytterligare en avvägning som företag använder sig av gällande upprättandet av redovisning är att inte ge ut för mycket information och därmed ?skydda? sig från konkurrenter.Studiens huvudsakliga syfte är att kartlägga och jämföra hur investerare och banker tar beslut baserat på den redovisning som företag publicerar, som kan vara påverkad av Cost Constraint.

The construction industry works today with a time limit, therefore it is important to have rational tools to improve the efficiency in the building process. That?s the reason for this report, where a standard for interior finishes has been developed for Sandvik. The standard for interior finishes is designed as a program for room functions and includes office space and sanitary areas. It is a proposal showing how Sandvik can design their premises in the future.

Many buildings are now nearing the end of their service life. This applies to both the older houses from the 40's and 50's to the million project houses that did not prove to be as sustainable in the long run. Often there is a desire to extend the service lifetime, but to do that you need to make detailed inspections. The Folkets hus in Gävle is one of those buildings that is in need of renovation and to fulfill the new requirements that must be met in today's buildings. It is desired to make the buildings rentable space more attractive and to extend the building with two more floors.

The purpose of this research was to examine the current field of management in non-profit organizations, mainly focusing on managerial approaches, but also the impact of organizational size on the shaping of governance. Non-profits are widely discussed in contemporary research, particularly due to the increasing external pressure on voluntary organization to professionalize the way they work in line with standards in the private sector. Due to this our thesis aims to investigate whether professional, bureaucratic approaches are useful when governing a non-profit organization, or if social structures are enough to ensure goal congruence and efficiency. To conduct this research qualitative interviews were carried out and a case- study was made, using the Swedish Karate Federation as object of study. Results show that formal and more professional structures are useable to achieve efficiency and prevent inertia within the organization.

In recent years, the Swedish railway track system has been neglected in terms of capacity and maintenance. To adapt the existing system to current traffic load there is a great need for extensive improvement and maintenance. Shortcomings are especially occurring on older embankments running over soft subgrades. To select the most suitable method for reinforcement of the embankment, it is important to evaluate different solutions from a life cycle cost perspective. In long-term perspective, it is often shown that a method with low investment cost causes a higher maintenance cost and a shorter technical lifetime.

Background: Many companies have outsourced their IT-operations and their expectations of what this IT-outsourcing will contribute to the business are high. Cost cuts are not always a natural outcome of IT-outsourcing. Many companies that have outsourced their IT-operations consider it to be problematic and complex to exercise management control and reach cost control which was the purpose of the IT-outsourcing. Purpose: To describe and analyze what affect IT-outsourcing has on a company?s management control system and a company?s possibility to exercise cost control.

My Finnish grandfather had a passion for architecture, eventhough he wasn?t an architect. In the end of the 1950s he builta wooden summerhouse on a lot outside of a small villagecalled Lempäälä, close to the city of Tampere. Today the lotbelongs to my mother. Every time I visit our summerhouse, itmakes me want to do as my grandfather did ? to build a smallhouse next to it.My project is a proposal for a wooden house on mymothers lot.

The Swedish pulp and paper industry meets higher demand for energy efficiencyi mprovements with increasing energy prices and changes in the Swedish renewable energy certificate system. One action of energy efficiency improvement is by using secondary heat, that otherwise would have been treated as waste heat, for use in a system with lower temperature demands. The aim of this Master´s thesis is to identify possible secondary heat sources in a typical Swedish pulp and paper mill and to investigate what economic benefits the secondary heat will provide when being used for pre heating of wood chips to a kraft digester.The Master´s thesis focuses on three secondary heat sources; dry warm air, warm water and moisture saturated warm air located inside the pulp or paper mill. Two types of kraft digesters are simulated within this study, a typical Scandinavian digester and a modern twin vessel steam phase digester.Due to quality aspects and low temperature level drying is the drying technology with dry warm air rejected. Using warm water in direct contact with wood chips increases the quantity of water to the evaporation plant and thus reduced pulp or paper production and is therefore also rejected.

Energy price are on the way up to a high level that will not diminish in the future make us to focus more on the sustainable development for a better solution of residential houses. Passive house or low energy housing are one of the solution to make residential more environment friendly, in same time it´s a financial security using less energy, and saving money. The last 10 years in Germany and all around Europe the concept of passive house been developed, and people aim to know more about these concept that leading the market more attractive for passive houses. A passive house is a well designed building highly insulated and air tight with mechanical ventilated system for the whole building envelope that minimizes the use of energy for heating [1].The housing company Mimer has chosen to invest in low energy consumption in every new housing project.  These future plan projects are decided to use less than 75 kwh per square meter annually in purchased energy [2].This thesis is about new constructed passive houses, and focuses on the evaluations of the temperature, and moisture condition for attic, external walls and joist.

Kandidatprojektet Urban Building vid Hornsbruksgatan med undertiteln Hornsbruksgatan 2012 är ett arkitekturprojekt bestående av ett mindre antal sammanlänkade byggnationer i vilka bostäder, kontor samt kommersiell verksamhet inryms. Den övergripande volymen består av en tydligt långsmal kropp som är placerad längs med gatan. Stor vikt i projektet har lagts vid den arkitektoniska upplevelsen, materialval och beständighet. Gestaltningsmässigt har inga hinder funnits för eklektiska och anakronistiska influenser..