This bachelor thesis in business economics raises the topic about Corporate Responsibility (CR), this topic is currently being discussed in a variety of channels and today an increasing number of companies are involved in corporate responsibility. How do Skanska work with sustainability and why are they doing this? It is also important to see the results of the work with sustainability will lead to. We will go into more depth in one of Skanska's projects, project M25, to investigate the CR strategies they use and see how they actually work with sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze how and why Skanska is working to implement CR policies in their operations and more specifically from the M25 project in order to achieve sustainable business development.

Corporate social responsibility, CSR, är ett aktuellt koncept och dess efterfrågan ligger till grund för studien. Konceptet präglas av begreppsförvirring som bidrar till att framställningen av konceptet är intressant att studera. Studien syftar till att beskriva hur managementkonceptet CSR framställs i svensk populärmanagementpress utifrån ett utbudsperspektiv, där förespråkare för managementkoncept är identifierade som drivkraft för adoption. I studien utvecklas en modell för hur CSR-konceptet framställs i populärmanagementpress. Genom modellen kan detta beskrivas och analyseras.

While the call for regulations against greenhouse gas emissions are louder then ever before, demand for oil is also at an all time high. Oil companies face the dilemma of making sound business without being perceived as environmental villains. In this essay I will examine how BP, one of the largest companies in the world, broke rank with the industry and devoted itself to being an environmental friendly oil company. The actions and motives of this change will be evaluated through up-to-date theories about company motivation to environmental adaptation. We see that BP:s transformation can be well explained through Simone Pulvers theory about the socially embedded company.

Bakgrund: Vi tycker oss kunna skönja en utveckling i Sverige där potentialen för företagens sociala ansvarstagande ökat till följd av att den traditionella trygghetsgaranten, staten, alltmer dragit sig tillbaka. Samtidigt konstaterar vi att begreppen som behandlar detta område ofta saknar konkreta förslag på vilka aktiviteter som är lämpliga för företag att ägna sig åt. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva statens roll och den allmänna opinionen i det svenska samhället vad avser förutsättningarna för företagens sociala ansvarstagande. Genom att företrädelsevis använda teoribildningen inom Corporate Citizenship ämnar vi visa och förklara vilka konkreta möjligheter detta kan innebära för företag verkandes i Sverige. Genomförande: Empirisk data har företrädelsevis samlats in med en postenkät riktad till 3000 individer ur den svenska allmänheten.

Purpose: This paper aims to describe the socialization process that audit associates experience within an auditing firm that is included in the Big 4-sphere. Our purpose is also to describe which attributes that characterize the organizational identity, and how these attributes are reflected in the self-image of the associates. Furthermore, we seek to explain how the socialization process has influenced the organizational identification. This subject is of interest since the business of auditing is facing higher demands from regulators and politicians, due to the bankruptcy of HQ-bank among others during the financial crisis in the beginning of the 21st century. Earlier research claims that the socialization process of recruits, especially in the initial state of the employment, has a major impact on their future values and attitudes in their job performance.

This paper deals with the question: "Why does the U.S. aid project to cambat HIV/AIDS in Africa, called PEPFAR, use a strategy that has been shown to be couterproductive?" The author uses an anthropological approach, based on theory of "aid as a gift" inspired by work of Mauss and Stirrat& Henkel. The study demonstrates that the interests that lie behind PEPFAR have had a greater influence on the choice of strategy than the declared goals. It is concluded that evaluations of development assistance should focus as much on the background interests of the givers as the declared objectives..

Denna studie har som fokus att identifiera de faktorer som påverkade utgångspunkten för den tänkta fusionen mellan svenska Telia och norska Telenor samt fusionen TeliaSonera. Ytterligare skall faktorer som kunde ha underlättat och möjliggjort fusionen Telia/Telenor besvaras. Dessutom skall fusionen mellan Telia och finska Sonera studeras och jämföras med den förstnämnda fusionen för att påvisa vad som gjordes annorlunda under förhandlingarna med Sonera.Detta kommer att undersökas genom ett antal tidningsartiklar kring händelseförloppen samt intervjuer med personer som har kunskap och erfarenhet kring ämnet. De personer som intervjuats är; Lars-Johan Cederlund, ämnesråd/Director på svenska näringsdepartementet, Brita-Lena Ekström, f.d. ekonomijournalist på Dagens Nyheter, Ulf Bäckman, f.d.

The aim of our study was to increase the awareness of the importance of implementation when a policy document is widely introduced. We wanted to examine how a political decision was implemented on different levels in a social care administration. We also wanted to examine the discretion related to the decision on different levels in the organisation, and if the work is followed up. The theoretical frame of reference in our study is Vedung?s implementation model and Lipsky?s theory about street-level bureaucrats.

Problem formulation? Are there any factors affecting the choice of marketing strategy?? What is it that determines the degree for the company to use a standardized or a adapt marketing strategy?? How profitable is Scania's marketing strategy in each country?Objective: The overall aim of this study is based on local adaptation and global standardization to compare the degree to which the company Scania chooses to adapt or standardize its marketing to the South American and Asian markets.We also aim to compare and describe any factors that affect the countries' differences in marketing strategies and to evaluate and measure the profitability of marketing strategies in each market.Methodology: The study is limited to Scania's marketing in the truck market in Argentina, Brazil, Malaysia and Singapore from 2006 to 2010. In order to answer the study's problem formulation and purpose we have chosen to combine a qualitative and quantitative approach. Four interviews were conducted with marketing executives from Argentina, Brazil, Malaysia / Singapore and Sweden. We have also chosen to examine Scania's annual report and include figures on the market shares of Scania in the respective countries and the number of sold Scania truck which is then compared against the number of registered vehicles by country.

Bakgrund: Företag världen över har börjat fokusera mer på ansvarstagande och att arbeta för ett mer hållbart samhälle samtidigt som de inser att det kan skapa lönsamhet. Ansvaret som implementeras i företagsverksamheten kallas för Corporate Social Responsibility och har blivit ett sätt att skapa innovation, värde och konkurrensmedel. Det är inte längre frågan om företag ska arbeta med CSR utan hur. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att skapa förståelse för hur medarbetares samt kunders image av företaget Holtab AB har påverkats av det genomförda CSR projektet. Vi vill även undersöka hur företagets profilering av CSR projekt kan förbättras. Metod: Uppsatsen är en fallstudie av företaget Holtab AB. Vi har utgått från den kvalitativa metoden då vår empiri består av 15 intervjuer från 23 respondenters uttalanden samt information från CSR utbildning vilket har skapat förutsättningar för en tolkande analys.Slutsatser: Vi har kommit fram till att majoriteten av medarbetarnas image av Holtab inte har påverkats av det genomförda projektarbetet ?El i Jyamrung? samtidigt som några av kundernas image har påverkats av projektet.

Med utgångspunkt i aggregerade och individuella inkomstdata diskuteras vilken roll upphovsrätten spelar som incitament för det kreativa utbudet i stort. Resultaten visar att kreatörer får små andelar av sina inkomster från upphovsrätt och obetydliga andelar från direkt från upphovsrätt, med vissa skillnader mellan olika grupper av skapare. Kreatörernas inkomster fördelas ojämnt och de små inkomsterna från upphovsrätten fördelas extremt ojämnt. Mot bakgrund av redan existerande utbudsöverskott samt omfattande substitut för upphovsrätten bedöms upphovsrättens incitament som svaga för utbudet i sin helhet..

An efficient market implies that the use of fundamental analysis should not result in excess return, and that any return exceeding the market average can be explained by compensation for risk, accord-ing to The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). The focus of this study is to test whether the suc-cessful investment strategy developed by Piotroski (2000) generates excess return on American data, after risk adjustment by using Fama & French?s (1993) 3-factor and Carhart?s (1997) 4-factor CAPM. Initially we form stock portfolios based on companies characterized by high book-to-market values, additionally, we divide them into different performance classes by ranking them with Piotroski?s (2000) measure of financial performance, F_SCORE.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the networks of interlocking directors in the 50 largestSwedish companies on the Stockholm Stock Exchange during the years 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005and 2010 and seek explanations for the observed developments.Our findings indicate that the density and concentration of the network has decreased during thefirst ten-year period and stayed constant during the second period. The development of theoverall network is not consistent throughout all corporate groups. Most notablyHandelsbankssfären seems to experience increased density and connectivity whileWallenbergsfären is experiencing the reverse.The changes during the first ten-year period is deemed to come mainly from changes inregulations pertaining to both the opening for international capital investments as well as looserrestrictions on domestic capital investments. These changes have caused decreased concentrationof ownership, as well as the emergence of new owners, which is reflected in the board ofdirectors.During the second ten-year period the changes are more pertaining to the individual boards andboard members, without flowing through into the overall network. Our findings indicate thatthese changes are caused by the increased professionalization of boards and board work, whichhas gained momentum through the creation of the Swedish Corporate Governance Code..

In recent years, awareness of the climate change has increased around the world. Environmental issues have been taking into consideration, both by individuals and companies. Therefore the demands for new environmental friendly technology have increased, also known as cleantech. To further establish and develop cleantech it requires capital. Venture capitalists have as well seen the potential.To increase the number of Venture capital investments in cleantech, it is important the investments generate good returns.

In this thesis we compare how different strategies in choosing attribute values affects junk mail filtering. We used two different variants of a naïve Bayesian junk mail filter. The first variant classified an e-mail by comparing it to a feature vector containing all attribute values that were found in junk mails in the part of the e-mail collection we used for training the filter. The second variant compared an e-mail to a feature vector that consisted of the attributes that was found in ten or more junk mails in the part of the e-mail collection we used for training the filter. We used an e-mail collection that consisted of 300 e-mails, 210 of these were junk mails and 90 were legitimate e-mails.