The creation of value is considered the core purpose and central process of economic exchange. Value creation is now conceptualized as shared by both producers and customers, and value is seen as fundamentally derived and determined in use, the integration and application of resources in a specific context, rather than in exchange, embedded in products and manifested as price. The field of research is abundant with publications but these do not fully further the understanding of value creation and co-creation in a way that is meaningful for theoretical development and decision making in business and marketing practise. Without a thorough understanding of the factors characterising value co-creation, the nature as well as content and locus of co-creation cannot be identified. In that case value co-creation easily becomes a concept without substance. Until now, individual publications on co-creation have focused on few or different aspects, have emphasized the process from either the customer?s or from  the firm?s vantage point, have different theoretical approaches and have ignored the complexity in interactions between actors.The purpose of this essay is to analyse how five fundamental aspects of co-creation of customer value are perceived in contemporary marketing literature. Discussing the different views on co-creation, this essay concludes that thoughthere are evident points of agreement, finding one generally valid doctrine of predestination or value co-creation is improbable.

How do we match our education with the needs of the construction line of business and the requirementsof the Swedish National Agency for education? Is there something that we have to change?In this study I have asked our former students about their opinion of our education and I have also asked them to give me their view on what a good teacher is like. I have been able to benefit a lot from their answers in my efforts to be that good teacher. This survey took place at Facebook.The answers showed that we carry on a piece of solid workmanship. But you can always improve, try harder.

The purpose of the present quantitative study was to examine gender differences inperceived job satisfaction in two departments, with different work patterns, in a Swedishmanufacturing industry. The questionnaire contained 30 statements and five backgroundquestions. The questionnaire was designed in combination of Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS),Work demands, Social support, Control and Competence (ASK), Questionnaire forPsychological and Social factors at Work (QPS Nordic) and Minnesota SatisfactionQuestionnaire (MSQ). Job satisfaction was measured based on the categories influence atwork, leadership, employee influence, work requirements and the physical environment. Theresults of the present study showed an interaction of gender and department where the femaleindustrial workers, who worked with more monotonous and standardized work tasks, valuedall of the categories of job satisfaction the lowest, except for the category employee impact.The results are believed to depend on that the women in the department had greater demandsfor variety in the work..

Integration är ett komplext begrepp som kan ses utifrån flera perspektiv och synvinklar. Dramapedagogik emellertid utgår från olika typer av värdeord baserade i en gemensam värdegrund. Centrala begrepp i detta är demokrati, acceptens och alla människors lika värde. Syftet med uppsatsen är att kartlägga, systematisera och problematisera forskning om hur drama kan användas, eller har använts i integrationssyfte. Hur ser dialogen ut inom forskningsfältet drama och integration? Vad säger det om dramapedagogikens betydelse i integrationsprocesser? Kan man urskilja några teman och i så fall vilka?Som metod används en litteraturstudie med en kvalitativ ansats som vilar på utvalda begrepp som ingår i en integrationsprocess.Resultatet visar fyra olika kategorier där drama används som metod i integrationsprocesser.

The object for this study is a company developing and manufacturing vehicles for heavy transportation. The company distributes their products on a global market. Therefore the company is required to have efficient internal production development processes in order to successfully beat the competition. The purpose of this master thesis is to study how this particular company intends to implement their standardized theoretical product development process within their organization and how well it is done. We intend to identify and specify if the process has any unexploited capacity.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka frisörelevers uppfattningar om gesällbrevet. Det är ett yrkesbevis för frisörens kunskap och kompetens och det är det enda bevis med vilken branschen kan mäta elevers kunskap. På ett frisörprogram med trettio elever valde tre elever 2009 att ta sitt gesällbrev. Av dessa siffror att döma, ska jag med kvalitativa intervjuer undersöka 6 avgångselevers uppfattningar. En strävan är också att informera och väcka intresse om gesällen.

In 1992, the European Union began institutionalizing the cooperation against terrorism within the EU structure. Since then, this cooperation has gone through a number of changes. From a historical institutionalistic point of departure we explain these changes by identifying sources of institutional resilience and institutional change. Based on these results, we were able to pose hypotheses of when and what category of change was most likely to take place.The results show that the cooperation against terrorism within the EU was most likely to remain stable because of strong sources of institutional resilience. If change would occur through an increase in the sources of institutional change, it was most likely to be of a less extensive category.

 Bakgrund: I ett alltmer mångkulturellt samhälle blir det märkbart hur förutsättningarna för en god hälsa skiljer sig mellan olika samhällsgrupper. Hälso- och sjukvården har som uppgift att främja hälsan hos alla patienter oavsett bakgrund. Detta ställer nya krav på den svenska sjukvården, då en mångkulturell utveckling leder till fler transkulturella möten i vården. Dessa möten innehåller ofta hinder som kan vara svåra att överbrygga, vilket kräver en kunskap om vilka faktorer som påverkar mötet och en medvetenhet om kulturens betydelse hos sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att utifrån ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv belysa de faktorer som påverkar vårdrelationen i transkulturella möten. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar var av nio kvalitativa och fyra kvantitativa. Resultatet analyserades och sammanställdes genom ett kvalitativt analysinnehåll.  Som teoretiska utgångspunkter användes en definition av kulturell kompetens och vårdrelation. Resultat: Resultatet visar att kommunikation och språkbarriärer utgör det största hindret i den transkulturella omvårdnaden.

The purpose of the study was to examine if intrinsic motivation and work commitment to the organization differs between permanent doctors and hired doctors. The total of 63 doctors who participated in the study made an internet-based survey with 21 questions taken from the Basic Need Satisfaction at Work Scale and 3 questions from the section ?work commitment? in QPS Nordic. The main results of the study showed that permanent doctors perceived a higher level of intrinsic motivation on all the three needs autonomy, competence and relatedness. Furthermore the result showed a tendency that permanent doctors perceived a higher level of work commitment to the organization then hired doctors..

The aim of this bachelor?s thesis is to develop knowledge about how librarians experience their professional identity, argue for their competence and describe their profession based on their professional skills, tasks, and status. The method that is used to answer the questions of the study is semi-structured interviews with five public librarians. The theory used in this essay is Ørom?s six librarian identities plus Schreiber?s experience intermediate identity.

The youth of today grow up with all the new ways to communicate that new technology provides. A lot of young people chat on the Internet. Adults often lack experience and knowledge about this way to communicate. This is a study of teenagers and adults values and views on teenagers online chatting. It focuses on area of use, meaning and effects on young people.

Heartwood has always been a desirable part of the tree, due to it?s superior decay qualities com-pared to the sapwood. How the formation of heartwood works has been known for a long time, but which factors that initiates and stimulates the production are poorly understood. This case study presents the results of a study in which silvicultural treatments and site properties had a key position as factors to the formation of heartwood. According to the hypothesis the amount of sapwood is directly controlled by the size of the crown.

This report is a study of Swedish traditional ships and their safety organization. The focus is on how the non-profit organizations that operate the traditional ships can adapt to current regulations in the best way. Initially a background on traditional ships, their organization and regulations that regulates them will be presented.The study is focused on which parts that can be more important in the safety organizations for traditional ships. The questions also includes if a non-profit organization might affect the safety and how the role as designated person should be handled in these organizations. Furthermore the study addresses how a non-profit organization that operates traditional ships might improve their safety organization.The information is gathered by interviews with persons that work with safety, controls safety organizations or is active in organizations that operate traditional ships.

Utvärderandet av instrument och metoder är väsentligt för att avgöra validiteten och reliabiliteten av studiers resultat. I den här studien utvärderades delskalan Emotional Regulation. Delskalan ingår i Social Competence Scale (Corrigan, 2003) och användes som underlag för observationer av barn i åldern 4-5 år inom implementeringsförsöket av preventionsprogrammet PsPATHS i Sverige. Totalt deltog 132 barn vid två separata observationstillfällen. Två explorativa faktoranalyser med olika estimationsmetoder (ML och GLS) resulterade i en enfaktorslösning.

Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och analysera enhetschefers syn på sina medarbetares kompetensutveckling för att sedan kunna ställa detta i relation till hur det praktiska kompetensutvecklingsarbetet faktiskt går till. Detta gjordes genom en intervjustudie som inkluderade sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med enhetschefer inom en avdelning i Östergötlands Landsting.Studien redogör för såväl skillnader som likheter i uppfattningar dem emellan och även mellan vad som sägs, och vad som görs. Slutligen visar det sig att det inom ett antal frågor förekommer en diskrepans mellan vad som sägs, och vad som görs. Frågor som visade sig vara inkongruenta återfanns bland annat inom ledarskapsområdet, kartläggnings- och uppföljningsområdet samt personalpolicyområdet. Denna inkongruens problematiserades och härleddes sedan till möjliga orsaksfaktorer vilka i sin tur utgör potentiella förbättringsområden i en optimering av verksamhetens kompetensutvecklingsarbete..