BackgroundToday a common approach to solve a complicated problem is to assemble a temporary workforce in order to solve the problem by working together within a project. One of the difficulties with working in projects is to maintain the planned budget. Working hours and costs are often exceeded. Many companies presume that any certain project will succeed, a presumption that leads companies not to anticipate risks involved in a project. In companies today there is seldom time for evaluation or moderation of a project, in order to have time for evaluation there is a great need for an adequate planning of the project.IntentThe intention with this study is to create a model for planning, budgeting and evaluation of projects within consultancy companies.MethodWith the help of interviews and discussions within the group Hamnar och Byggkonstruktioner at Sweco has evidence to present a proposal on planning, budgeting and monitoring been developed.ResultsA model has been developed to ease for consultancy companies to plan, budget, monitor and evaluate projects.

Förväntad effekt av vårdens elektroniska IT-system är ökad patientsäkerhet, vårdkvalitet och tillgänglighet. Ett första villkor för att kunna uppnå detta är att IT-systemet används. I denna studie granskas ett underutnyttjat IT-system, använt för informationsöverföring mellan olika huvudmän vid samordnad vård- och omsorgsplanering.Granskningen baseras på teorier om hur individers intention och vilja till att använda ett IT-system initieras eller upprätthålls genom omgivningens påverkan.Resultatet visar att IT-användare i den patientnära vården (mikrosystemet) saknar adekvat tekniskt, organisatoriskt (mesosystemet) och ledningsstöd (makrosystemet), vilket kan förklara underutnyttjandet..

AbstractTitle:                                                                                                                  The individual elder care?Author:                                                                                                              Dennis JonssonSupervisor:                                                                                                        Kerstin GynnerstedtExaminator:                                                                                                       Course:                                                                                                             2SA46E,  Programme for social workDate:                                                                                                                 20100526Key words:                                                                                                       public assistance, need assessments                                                                                                                                                              methods, individual public help serviceSummaryThe purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the practices of needs assessment, and put them in relation to municipal policies and the autonomy of the elderly. Development managers are characterized as grassroots bureaucrats, then they are officers who are in the organization, but also has a direct contact with the elderly applicants for municipal assistance. I wanted to explore how these policies relate to the older people's autonomy and their implications for officer assistance in their daily work. As a theoretical starting point I have used out of a närbyråkratiskt perspective, and a negotiation perspective.

Objective: From the patient?s perspective describe communication difficulties, which can arise, and how they are handled in their contact with public health care and illustrate their needs of communication.Method: A study of literature was carried out to receive a background and an insight in previous research concerning the subject area. Twelve women with hearing loss was asked to complete a questionnaire, with open questions, regarding communication difficulties in health care situations.Sample: For the literature review, scientific papers were selected via the database, PubMed using relevant keywords. Seven were selected for closer review. For the survey study twelve women were asked to participate which ten of those responded.Results: The study of literature shows that communication difficulties occur in public health care between patients with hearing loss and the nursing staff.

From the day we are born, we slowly grow old and sooner or later most people will have to use geriatric care provided by the community. In the Swedish model, society is responsible for the geriatric care, so the elderly can live a dignified, meaningful and active life. Home help insert activity is designed to help elderly get their social needs satisfied in the form of, for example, being outdoors, walk and visit a friend or some other form of social interaction. The study's purpose is to study how older people use and perceive bet activation in the municipal home care. To find out how this was conducted five interviews with older people who have help from home care to insert activation was made.

I planeringssammanhang är begreppet ?attraktiv stad? vanligt förekommande. För att kunna utveckla en attraktiv stad måste man börja med att definiera begreppet. Dock är det ett begrepp som är svårt att definiera. Detta beror på hur starkt kopplat det är till individens egna värderingar om vad en ?attraktiv stad? är.

The purpose of this study was to examine how some young mothers, who previously have been in foster care or residential care, describe the way motherhood has affected their lives and identities. Narrative interviews were conducted with three teenage mothers and one mother aged 23. As tools for analyzing the narratives, theories about narrative psychology and how people present themselves through story-telling and language were used. The results of the study show that becoming a mother was life-changing in a positive way, according to the young mothers. They described how they, since becoming mothers, had become more mature and now lived less risk-full lives.

Background: Basic hygiene is an important measure to prevent healthcare associated infections, save patients? lives, and reduce economic costs for health care. Healthcare associated infections are a threat to patient safety. In community care persons who are the care takers are a risk group and nurses must make sure that basic hygiene procedures are followed.Method: Literature studies with descriptive design, article search in databases Cinahl and PubMed. The results found are based on twelve chosen articles.Aim: To describe factors related to adherence to basic hygiene and how nurses in community care can help to improve compliance with these procedures.Results: In the nursing staff and leadership in health care interest in and the understanding of basic hygiene is described as being of most importance.

Abstract          Background: End of life is difficult to establish in patients with dementia and many patients die due to complications related to the disease. To document that care are palliative in this group of patients is not common among nurses and physicians. This may depend on that the palliative course is extended and not similar to the palliative course common among patients with cancer. Aim: To describe how the registered staff in nursing homes document the care of persons with dementia in a late palliative phase. Method: A retrospective record study with a deductive approach.

The western societies is characterized by a strong future concern and the members of the society are valued most of all according to their capability to produce. In our time the elder ness is representing a rapidly increasing number of relatively well kept elders. What sight of the future does the aging human have? Are one meditating of what kind of service and care one are going to need? The purpose with this study was to describe how individuals in ages between 60 and 96 sees, both the future and their coming need for care in relation to sex, age, social activities and experienced health. The material was taken from ?SNAC-Blekinge? witch is a part of a bigger national study; SNAC (The Swedish National study on Aging and Care).

This study aims to describe how a company behind a well-established brand in the fashion industry has strategically chosen to communicate with their target market. Interviews with four individuals in different positions within the company have generated qualitative data, which is presented and analyzed in relation to the theoretical frame of reference in this study. The results show that the company does not use conventional marketing, but relies rather on marketing based word-of-mouth generated by its customer base due to its unique store concepts. Previous research has shown that this type of marketing strategy is effective and beneficial to the brand equity, a conclusion that is demonstrated to also apply to the survey object of this study. Furthermore, it is also shown that this is largely due to the distinct and coordinated image that the company maintains through strict standardization..

To investigate if the student?s school centeent, and that planning of the school lunch is done from a health perspective. Qualitative research approach was used, including both interviews and observations, to view the purpose. Evidence was collected using a participating observer, semi constructed questions and structured observation. To focus on specific parts in the material, a directed content analysis was used. One large and one smaller school participated in the study.

Förtätning är ett planeringsideal som i dag framhålls som en viktig hållbarhetsstrategi och som har växt sig allt starkare både internationellt och nationellt. Städernas tillväxt bidrar till att de urbana grönområdenas förutsättningar förändras och i många fall påverkar förtätningen centrala grönområden och grönytor vars kvaliteter och värden riskerar att gå förlorade vid exploatering. Syftet i detta arbete har varit att undersöka grönstrukturens betydelse i den täta staden. Vidare har syftet varit att genom en fallstudie av Rambergsstaden i Göteborg undersöka grönstrukturens funktion, så som den uppfattas av olika aktörer och aktuell forskning, för att komma fram till vilka konsekvenser för grönstrukturen en förtätning av området kan leda till. En metodkombination av intervjuer/enkät, inventering/kartanalyser samt en litteraturstudie har använts för att besvara frågeställningarna och på så sätt belysa arbetets syfte. Slutsatserna som kan dras av detta arbete är att grönområden i staden har en viktig betydelse både utifrån ett ekologiskt, socialt och kulturellt perspektiv. Utifrån fallstudien går det att dra en slutsats om att det finns en skillnad i hur kunskaper om grönområdens betydelse förstås och hur det används i praktiken. Fallstudien av Rambergsstaden visar att det finns en medvetenhet, hos aktörer som är involverade i projektet, om grönområdens betydelse men att det finns svårigheter i att motivera dessa kunskaper i praktiken eftersom andra intressen i samhället väger tyngre och kan motiveras starkare..

Syftet med arbetet är att belysa och diskutera rättviseaspekten i fysisk planering under 2000-talet utifrån ett antal begrepp och kriterier om rättvisa relaterade till kontexten för fysisk planering. Vidare är syftet att tillämpa dessa begrepp och kriterier i en analys av rättviseaspekten i det pågående planeringsprojektet Östra Kvillebäcken i centrala Göteborg. Arbetet inleds med avsnittet Rättvisa i samhällsbyggandet som tar upp rättvisa som begrepp, hur rättvisa kan kopplas till staden samt det svenska systemet och planerarnas roll. Ambitionen med avsnittet är att ge bakgrund och förståelse för begreppet rättvisa och för hur planeringen påverkas av det system som byggts upp i landet samt vilken möjlighet planerare har att styra utvecklingen mot ett mer rättvist utfall. Efter det här följer en forskningsöversikt ifrån vilken de kriterier som används för att analysera Östra Kvillebäcken hämtas. Där på följer arbetets undersökning som består av en fallstudie där platsens kontext analyseras och en innehållsanalys görs. Analysen av platsens kontext syftar till att ge en förståelse för platsen och dess förutsättningar.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate which components previous scientific studies suggest that an efficient treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems should contain. For this purpose, an extensive review of scientific research conducted in Scandinavia has been read and will be presented in this essay. This essay also present an introduction to residential care in Sweden as well as to an alternative form of treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems called Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC). The result of this essay suggest that treatment of adolescents with behavioural problems should be based on the emphasis of risk/resilience factors of the youth and that the treatment should be adapted to the youth?s individual personality and way of learning.