Predatory pricing is one of the most frequently discussed topics in competition law and should be considered both from a legal and economic perspective. The concept of predatory pricing can bedescribed as a situation where a company is pricing at a level that, according to the assessment theories, is unreasonably low. The problems with this type of conduct arises when the low prices hinder competition. A company which uses predatory pricing will likely deter rivals entry to the market or drive the existing ones out of it. In the long run, the effects on competition will likely be higher prices which will hurt customers and consumers as well as competition.

Media society is under a constant development and in line with this change, firms must adapt to the market. We have investigated what fashion companies in fact are doing to communicate in the dynamic market. We wanted to find out how to communicate and how they can market themselves in a new and innovative way to create long-term customer relationships. We have used a theoretical frame of reference based on marketing communication, fashion marketing, branding and relationship marketing theories. We have assumed four themes throughout the survey which are: customer contact and relationships, emotion in communication, branding and relational communication.

Uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka och analysera olika faktorer som påverkar konsumenten i dennes köpval av köttprodukter. Ämnet är högst intressant då vi idag konsumerar allt mera kött samt att det råder ett stort tvivel kring produkten.Uppsatsen har ett deduktivt angreppsätt och är utförd genom en kvantitativ undersökningsmetod. Hypoteser har formats genom en framarbetad referensram. Dessa har i sin tur genomgått en empirisk undersökning på ICA Maxi i Giraffens köpcentrum i Kalmar. Därefter har resultaten analyserats för att i sin tur finna svar på uppsatsens uppsatta frågeställning.Studiens resultat visar på att de utvalda faktorerna, ursprungsland, pris, varumärket, förpackning, situationsfaktorer, kvalitetsmärkning och spårbarhet är sådana faktorer som tas med i beslutsprocessen när köp av kött tas i butik.

Kognitiv psykologi är en del av psykologin som behandlar människans informationsprocesser. Det handlar om hur vi inhämtar, bearbetar och använder information om världen. De största delarna inom kognitiv psykologi är perception/uppmärksamhet, minne, mentala representationer, problemlösning och beslutsfattande. Vi har begränsningar inom alla dessa områden och detta kan ställa till problem vid användandet av datoriserade informationssystem.Med detta arbete ville jag undersöka huruvida det finns ett metodstöd i systemutvecklingsmetoder som tar hänsyn till människans begränsade kognitiva förutsättningar vid utvecklandet av ett datoriserat informationssystem.Undersökningen genomfördes med två metoder, litteraturstudie och intervju. Antalet undersökta systemutvecklingsmetoder var tre och dessa utvärderades med hjälp av kriterier för användarvänlighet och kognitiva kriterier.Min undersökning visar att de systemutvecklingsmetoder som utvärderades inte har något stöd för att handskas med detta problem.

The aim of this Master?s thesis is to investigate if the reading habits of teacher students are influenced by merit and descent. The empiric material consists of six questionnaires answered by students at the teacher training with Swedish at the upper secondary school as their first topic. The questionnaire comprised questions about reading habits in the childhood and today and information concerning merits and descent.Pierre Bourdieu?s sociological ideas about cultural capital transmitted from parent to child and the concept of habitus are used as a theoretical framework regarding descent.

AbstractThis essay concerns a qualitative case study seeking to understand six boys? reading habits and to investigate why it is that some boys who do not like reading nevertheless display good reading comprehension according to the results achieved for that skill in national tests. The study shows that the boys? perception of reading has a lot to do with the contact they have with books when they are small. Whether or not there are adult role models in the home and whether the early encounter with texts in school is a positive or negative experience is significant for the boys? later attitude to reading.

The purpose of this essay was to explore how the first-line managers in eldercare motivate their employees. In addition, we intend to study how the first-line managers acquire their leadership skills. To find answers to this purpose, we asked ourselves the questions; how acquires first line managers knowledge of how to motivate their employees? What is the first-line manager?s perception of motivation against their employees? The method we used was qualitative interviews with eight first-line managers in elderly care in Stockholm area. The results were analyzed by using two theories, Maslow?s hierarchy of needs and Hertzberg's two factor theories.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur patienterna på en ortopedisk avdelning uppfattade sin postoperativa smärtbehandling och tillfredsställelse med vården. Metod: En enkätstudie med konsekutivt urval gjordes under hösten 2010 på en ortopedisk avdelning på ett sjukhus i Mellansverige. Urvalet bestod av 47 ortopediska patienter, både män och kvinnor, som genomgått operation och enkäten, som berörde hela den postoperativa vårdtiden, lämnades ut postoperativ dag tre. Åldrarna varierade mellan 23 och 82 år. Resultat: Majoriteten av patienterna ansåg sig nöjda med smärtbehandlingen och sin tid på avdelningen.

The purpose of this thesis is to outline an appropriate model in order for companies to successfully act and compete physically as wholesalers at the same time as acting on the virtual market by selling directly to the end consumer. The approach of this thesis is hermeneutical and abductive with elements of hypothetically deductive approach. Our research has a qualitative research strategy based on case studies and interviews as well as on secondary data. Interviews were conducted with the case company JaymJay Wear AB as well as with other companies, so called mini cases. The secondary data consists mainly of textbooks, web sites and journals.

Hästar är flockdjur som (enligt de flesta) har en tydlig dominansstruktur, i alla fall när resurserna är begränsade. För att människan ska kunna lita på hästen och få hästen att lita på en och lyda ens kommandon, måste även människan passa in i hästens flock. Hästens perception och kommunikation har studerats, liksom människans sätt att visa dominans mot varandra. Studien har visat att det inte fungerar att vara dominant mot hästen på samma sätt som vi är dominanta mot andra människor, när det gäller att få hästen att lyda. Hästen tolkar antagligen inte våra dominanstecken så som vi önskar.

There is a change happening in the Swedish market of commerce. Studies indicate that the trend of the last decades; that external shopping centres are more attractive than centres of commerce, is about to turn. It is predicted that the centre of commerce will be the most attractive in the future.No matter how the market will develop, it is important for merchants to take account of their customers by understanding their behaviour and preferences concerning what constitute an attractive marketplace. A marketplace is attractive in terms of the characteristics that creates its offer, these characteristics are called "determinants of attractiveness." This paper is based on a field study of 200 consumers in Norrtälje regarding why they are choosing to shop in the centre of Norrtälje. The purpose is to answer the question "What creates an attractive centre of commerce " in terms of a) the determinants of attractiveness and b) each determinants' influence on customer satisfaction.

Sensory marketingAn effective instrument for libraries? We are living in a world of constant communication and information and because of that, marketing in general seem to have no distinctive effect. Consumers become overwhelmed by all the advertising messages. Due to this, it is clear that organizations like libraries must create a deeper and more personal connection to increase user satisfaction and foster the use of services, among both users and potential users. One way to achieve this is to make use of all the emotional elements of a product or a service.

This essay shows how the concept of virtue can deepen our understanding considering processes of empowerment. A virtue is understood as a trait of character, manifested in habitual action, that it is good for person a to have. Virtues are interpreted as socially constructed. Empowerment is presented as a process toward self-confidence and self-determination where recourses and freedom propels the development toward power for the individual, the household and the community. Why does the concept of virtue deepen our understanding? It is argued that our theoretical perceptive of empowerment needs to better encompass values, norms and practise.

The aim of this essay is to explore the lived citizenship and its ideal. First, the form and expression of citizenship practice and ideal is explored through a qualitative interwiev study of ten citizens in the southern suburbs of Stockholm. The perception and expectations of the nature of citizenship, presented by the informants, is then compared to their citizen ideal, as well as to the ideal presented and promoted by the Swedish government. The point of departure is theory of democracy. The essay calls attention to an observed lack of empirical studies in the field of deliberative theory of democracy as well as studies that more broadly bring the theory down to empirical earth.

Purpose/Aim: The aim of this paper is to find out how the new media landscape and new communication channels is altering how companies and organizations can reach out with their messages. The aim is also to shine light on the different trends within advertising today and also to discuss the Tivo-effect ie. that consumers are doing whatever possible to avoid advertisements.Material/ Method: I have used a qualitative research method where I have interviewed a number of people working in advertising in Sweden. The paper also includes material from books, article and various websites.Main results: In order for advertising agencies to create successful advertisement and to generate positive associations around a certain brand, it?s crucial that the advertisement is relevant for the target group.