AbstractThe development of the construction industry is slower compared to other industries. This implies that there must be improvements in this field. One step to increased effectiveness in construction projects is making the construction process more efficient, therefore resulting in a positive result for both the actual construction project and for the overall branch. The purpose of this study is to identify areas for improvement within the municipal housing company Gavlegårdarna completed construction project, who will then contribute to increased efficiency in their upcoming projects. The work has been performed with the help of two case studies examine construction projects "Fullriggaren" and "The three nursing homes." Opinions about what could have improved the efficiency of these construction projects further have been collected with the help of an interview study among some of the project participants involved in both projects.There have been many studies addressing the topic of how the construction process can be streamlined and similar studies that have been previously conducted.

The purpose of this study was to examine how pre-school teachers in Montessori inspired and traditional preschools can work with build and construction with the older children, and what views the pre-school teachers might have on the subject.  The study was implemented through qualitative semi-structured interviews with pre-school teachers. The investigational method was chosen due to the fact that I wanted to gain knowledge about the pre-school teachers? views and perspectives on build and construction activities, and how they might work with it. Another reason was to examine how the view on, and the work with build and construction can resemble and differ between Montessori inspired pre-schools and traditional pre-schools.The result shows that there is both similarities and diverseness between the Montessori influenced pre-schools and the traditional pre-schools, when it comes to how the pre-school teachers reason and work with build and construction.

According to the Board of Forestry, in Västerbotten, many natural regenerations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) carried out on privately owned forest in the middle of 1990 in Västerbotten have rendered a bad regeneration outcome and will provide a low future forest production. The Board of Forestry believes that the negative result can be explained by the fact that the regeneration has been carried out in wrong locations and that scarification failed to work as planned. In order for an accepted rate of regeneration the guidelines of the Forrest Act require, not less than 10 years after final cutting at natural regeneration, that there should be at least 1300 (site indices 16 m) - 1700 (site indices 20 m) main crop stems per hectare. Main crop stems are defined as stems according to the place of growth and appropriate tree type, in addition with regard to quality, stage of development and damage risk have a prospect of succeeding. In addition main crop stems should be separated by surface so that the proportion sample plots with 3 meters radius, and lack main crop stems, are not more than 10 % of site indices 14 meters or higher.

This master thesis project is a part of a project called ?Järboprojektet? at the regional board of forestry, the district of Gästrikland. The project will give answers to questions regarding if an analysis of satellite images can be used to contact and inform landowners of the located areas where precommercial thinning is useful. The whole project is a part of the National Board of Forestrys IT-stake where the analysis of satellite images will, at the latitudes possible, be adapted to each district in purpose to identify these areas in need of precommercial thinning. This master thesis project is based on a field inventory of identified objects where precommercial thinning is useful.

The purpose with this report is to illuminate the construction solutions and the deformations that could exist in medieval parish stone churches. But also to increase the writers understanding how activity forces effect the construction of the churches. With help from literature and a practical study, containing three churches the writers have collected the material that the conclusions and discussions are built upon in this report. The construction of the churches consists of three parts, the wall, the roof and the vault. The construction solutions are similar in the churches disregard of the roof, where the roof trusses are different.

This final thesis contains three major parts, which all have been time demanding:* Designing and construction of a small wind turbine.* Designing and construction of an electrical system.* Thesis with fundamental facts about wind, wind power and design.The thesis contains basic theory in wind power and the energy systems it can be combined with. Different types of wind turbines, which components they consists of and important issues to consider when designing is also mentioned. In the end of this report the technique of our wind turbine will be presented. In the end you can also read about our experiences during the time of designing and construction..

The  construction  industry  is  a  costly  business  such  in  respect  of  capital  for  most construction defects which then require rework, tear down and rebuild again. This study is  meaningful  awareness  of  tools  that  can  reduce  this  best  through  communication  and information sharing between the parties.  The  construction  industry  is  known  as  temporary  projects  organizations,  where  the construction  project  consists  of  several  actors  who  have  to  communicate  and  share information  between  them  to  avoid  mistakes  later  in  the  build  time.  These  actors  are bounded together thus for the duration of the project, then broken when the project has reached its end. The challenge here is for these actors to apply a tool that can help and simplify communications, information sharing, and perhaps the most important aspect is to  create  a  routine  for  the  association  and  the  shattering  of  these  actors.  To  implement such  behavior  using  a  tool  such  as  BIM  in  the  industry  whose  size  perhaps  is indescribable may be a very hard task.  BIM (Building Information Model) could be seen as the solution to this problem because it  acts  as  a  portal  where  the  actors  involved  must  sign  in  and  communicate,  share information, and eventually create a behavior, a routine for this association and division of  the  actors  following  the  end  of  the  project.  The  technology  could  help  the  involved from  the  beginning  of  the  project,  already  in  the  model  stage,  break  down  and  prevent any construction barriers when the building has been placed in the works.

The availability of digital models of real 3D objects is becoming more and more important in many different applications (e-commerce, virtual visits etc). Very often the objects to be represented cannot be modeled by means of the classical 3D modeling tools because of the geometrical complexity or color texture. In these cases, devices for the automatic acquisition of the shape and the color of the objects (3D scanners or range scanners) have to be used. The scanner presented in this work, a Shape from silhouette scanner, is very cheap (it is based on the use of a simple digital camera and a turntable) and easy to use. While maintaining the camera on a tripod and the object on the turntable, the user acquires images with different rotation angles of the table.

The construction industry develops at a high pace today. Because of this the construction companies has to rethink and try to develop at the same pace. One of the biggest challenges in the construction industry today is to improve the logistics since improved logistics leads to lower costs. This is something that the construction companies have started to realize and they are beginning to invest more money in order to improve the logistics. It is especially important to have good logistics when the conjuncture turns for the worse.

Construction companies are frequently criticized for high prices and long construction time. At the same time, statistics shows that construction workers are on the sick-list for occupational injuries or casualties more than other groups at the labour market.Skanska built a block of flats with tenant-ownerships in Gävle. The construction consists of concrete walls with in-fill walls in the front. The purpose with this degree project is to perform a risk analysis in work environment with focus on repetitive strain injuries and control the time report for in-fill walls manufactured in a field factory. The result of this project will help to make more realistic cost predictions in the future.This degree project has been performed in cooperation with the construction company Skanska.

The passive house concept has been known for many years, but it is not yet verywell known in Sweden. The increased energy requirements places greaterdemands on our buildings and to meet these requirements, passive houses is agood option.Svenska Bostäder have built passive houses with good results and intend tocontinue design some of their new buildings as passive houses. This study ismeant to support Svenska Bostäder in their planning of new buildings byanalyze and compare the different frameworks and building shells of passivehouses.In the first chapters (1,2 and 3) we presents the conditions for passive housesand the differing objects we have examined more generally for the reader tobecome familiar with the concept and the objects.The subsequent chapter presents an analysis of each object partial based on thespecifications from FEBY and finally, in Chapter 5, you will find a table ofvalues where the objects are put into relation to each other and valued there by,together with a brief explanation for the table.This chapter also contains texts on the environment, design and futuredevelopment which all includes our own thoughts and reflections.Finally, the gist of the whole work and our conclusion is presented anddiscussed.On the whole, the work has been very enlightening for us and we hope that theconcept of passive houses have a wider impact in the future..

One of the purposes of this work was to find out what it means to have a conceptual understanding of geometry. It describes how the geometry evolved from history and the geometry that is taught in grade one to nine and collage. The area examined was based on fundamental geometric objects for example two- and three- dimensional objects and its characteristics and especially focusing on the areas of perimeter, area and volume. The literature- review showed that the conceptual understanding was primary to developing a good knowledge of geometry. The second purpose of his study examined whether pupils achieved the goals in geometry by working with a Mathematics Book.

The construction industry can contribute to a healthier sustainable community. A development that is going on right now is by using more prefabricated volume- and plan elements on the construction sites. Building with this method not only provides a benefit to the environment, but also reduces production rates by taking up to 80 percent less time to build. By building in this way it will be easier to recycle and keep all the material that otherwise would go to waste. Also by building inside a protected environment, the material retains its good quality.This report will take forward proposals on further development of prefabricated volume element of wood, by first presenting this construction methods advantages and disadvantages..

The aim of this project was to develop a product which gives one or more objects of daily use an additional function. Thru the creativity of children the object shall transform into a new source for play for pre-school children.The purpose of this work was to research how fantasy and free play of children could be enhanced. I wanted to know how I can motivate children to use their fantasy transforming objects into new sources for play.This was achieved by means of developing a number of different prototypes which I tested in Kindergarden. My observations lead to the development of a cloth-wrap for the chair which provides the required source for ongoing role-play. The chair suddenly transforms into a new landscape and multi-purpose object where children?s fantasy is stimulated and creative play is supported..

The present essay concerns Walter Benjamin´s engagement with the concept of critique in four of his early writings from 1916-1928. It revolves around three main themes, or objects of interest: the critique of language [Sprache], the critique of the work [das Werk] and the critique of history [Geschichte]. The main objective of this study is to show how we can understand Benjamin?s conception of critique and how he develops it in regard to language, the work and history. The essay argues that this is a vital part to understand his philosophy in general as well as his later philosophy of history in particular.