This report has been performed for WSP Construction Design located at Arenavägen 7 in Stockholm. WSP Construction Design is one of the leading departments in Sweden in construction solutions regarding everything from building construction to industrial building. Great competencies regarding steel, wood and concrete constructions are available within the department which is well sought.Crane girders used in the industry are exposed to large loads that vary over time that includes instantaneous lifts and the crane girders movement which lead to the phenomenon fatigue in the crane girder and its ingoing welds. A control of fatigue needs to be performed after a certain lifespan measured in time which in turn is converted to a number of loadcycles. When the number of loadcycles amounts to a greater number the input welds resistance will have been reduced and the rate of utilization thereby increased.

Reducing the CO2-pollution, resulting from the combustion of fossil coal for energyproduction, is important to affect environmental changes. One way to achieve a reductionis to use the oxy-fuel technology. The technology uses O2 and re-circulated flue gasduring the combustion which results in a flue gas mainly consisting of CO2. The flue gascould then be compressed and stored without environmental effects. A problem thatfollows from the compression is the risk of acidification in sensitive parts of the process.Acidification can occur because of reactions following from the contact of condensedwater and sulphur- and nitrogen-oxides which are also present in the flue gas.This report compiles and evaluates the basis of a scientific unit with the purpose ofexploring the possibilities of extracting impurities of SOx and NOx from the flue gases.The dimensions of the unit are based on basic conditions, defined for an existing oxy-fuelprocess at Chalmers, and on the results of computer modelling.

Bakgrund: Venduplex har på senare år vuxit fram som den mest använda metoden vid diagnostik av venös insufficiens eftersom det är en ofarlig, kostnadseffektiv, non-invasiv metod med hög sensitivitet och specificitet där både den anatomiska placeringen av insufficiensen samt den funktionella förändringen av venen kan påvisas direkt vid undersökningen. Olika manövrar kan genomföras för att påfresta venklaffarna och därmed framkalla en eventuell reflux, men det är oklart om de olika manövrerna kan påverka den reflux som provoceras fram och därmed också påverkar bedömningen av insufficiensgraden.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka om det förelåg skillnad i graderingen av insufficiensen samt om den maximala refluxhastigheten påverkades beroende på vilken manöver som användes för att framkalla en reflux.Metod: 20 v. saphena magna mitt på låret med påvisad reflux deltog i studien. Två upprepade mätningar genomfördes där venklaffarna provocerades med hjälp av en blodtrycksmanschett över vaden, med en manuell kompression över låret samt med en manuell kompression över vaden.Resultat: Den maximala refluxhastigheten blev 0,33±0,20m/s när en blodtrycksmanschett över vaden användes, 0,31±0,22m/s när en manuell handkompression över vaden användes samt 0,17±0,16m/s när en manuell lårkompression genomfördes.Slutsats: Ingen signifikant skillnad på maximal refluxhastighet kunde konstateras när en automatisk uppblåsbar blodtrycksmanschett över vaden jämfördes med en manuell handkompression över vaden. En signifikant högre maximal refluxhastighet konstaterades när en manuell vadkompression jämfördes med en manuell lårkompression..

Records of P III fractures from 235 horses, 71 of them were standardbreds, treated at 3 major Swedish equine hospitals (Strömsholm, SLU and Mälaren hästklinik) between 1994 and 2004 were evaluated for information such as the patients age, sex, breed, type of fracture, affected leg, time and place of the injury, treatment and, if possible, result of treatment. For the standardbreds, result of treatment was also followed up through written correspondence with owners and by screening AB Trav och Galopp racing-results. Moreover, results of horses with type II and III-fractures treated with rest and therapeutic shooing only were compared to horses in which lag screw fixation were added to achieve interfragmental compression. Compared to the rest of the Swedish horse population, P III fractures were slightly more common among standardbred horses. The mean age of the affected standardbred was 5,8 years, compared to 7,9 years in the rest of the horse-population. Most horses injured themselves in the paddock.

At Volvo Construction Equipment outside Eskilstuna a wide range of heavy equipment machines are developed that are used by a variety of industries worldwide. For the handling and maintenance of these machines a deep knowledge is often required. Volvo CE and their dealer Swecon offer courses for both drivers and technicians that last for 1-2 weeks. Out on the workplaces however, the knowledge from these courses need to be supplemented with information from the machine?s operator and repair manuals.

This study investigates how nutrients from source-separated human urine from Gothenburg properties can be used as fertiliser in agriculture or for parks or sports fields. The initiator is the Department of Sustainable Water and Waste Management at the City of Gothenburg. Today urine-diverting systems are installed in two apartment buildings and two public-use buildings. Urine recycling is expected to lead to less exploitation of natural resources and less eutrophicating discharges into water recipients. In the study the urine?s market potential is investigated, for which practical handling issues, business aspects and acceptance of customers, employees and visitors have proved to be important.

Reducing the CO2-pollution, resulting from the combustion of fossil coal for energyproduction, is important to affect environmental changes. One way to achieve a reductionis to use the oxy-fuel technology. The technology uses O2 and re-circulated flue gasduring the combustion which results in a flue gas mainly consisting of CO2. The flue gascould then be compressed and stored without environmental effects. A problem thatfollows from the compression is the risk of acidification in sensitive parts of the process.Acidification can occur because of reactions following from the contact of condensedwater and sulphur- and nitrogen-oxides which are also present in the flue gas.This report compiles and evaluates the basis of a scientific unit with the purpose ofexploring the possibilities of extracting impurities of SOx and NOx from the flue gases.The dimensions of the unit are based on basic conditions, defined for an existing oxy-fuelprocess at Chalmers, and on the results of computer modelling.

I detta kandidatarbete skapas en animation för att visualisera användarinstruktioner för en balpress. Förberedelser utförs i 3D-CADprogramvaran Geomagic Design 2014 innan arbetet med animeringen påbörjas i programmet SimLab Composer Animation. I förberedelserna rensas modellerna och modifieras. Modeller som saknas skapas. I detta förslag på visualisering av ett moment i användning av balpressen är i syfte att underlätta för brukaren hur den snabbt kan använda maskinen.

AimThe aim of this study was to find out how the research that has changed CPR training developed from a historical perspective. The question at issue was: When the recommendations for chest compressions/ventilation, defibrillator and education have been changed, what kind of research led to the development?MethodTo fulfill the aim of this study we chose a review process. First we read the international guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) published by the American Heart Association (AHA), from year 1980 until year 2010. Secondly we chose the most important changes that had been made within the issues we had selected, then we examined the research that had supported these issues.

Every year, KTH participates in the Shell Eco Marathon, a competition whose goal is to design a vehicle that can go as far as possible using only the equivalent energy of one liter of petrol fuel. This year, one of KTH?s contributions to this race is the Agilis prototype; a car powered by a uniquely configured HCCI-engine developed at the university. The engine is dependent of several subsystems in order to work properly, among other, systems for cooling and lubrication.Combustion engines are in need of a cooling system that reduces the heat developed during the combustion. In general, two main types of cooling systems are employed; either air cooling, where the outside of the cylinder is exposed to a flow of the surrounding air, ore water cooling, where water flows in tubes around the engine, and the heat are transferred by the water to the surrounding air through a heat exchanger.The purpose of the lubrication system is to prevent the friction that builds up in the interference between moving parts in the engine.

I detta kandidatarbete skapas en animation för att visualisera användarinstruktioner för en balpress. Förberedelser utförs i 3D-CADprogramvaran Geomagic Design 2014 innan arbetet med animeringen påbörjas i programmet SimLab Composer Animation. I förberedelserna rensas modellerna och modifieras. Modeller som saknas skapas. I detta förslag på visualisering av ett moment i användning av balpressen är i syfte att underlätta för brukaren hur den snabbt kan använda maskinen. Användarens perspektiv sätts i fokus hur den kan tänkas betrakta och uppfatta maskinen genom instruktionerna i animeringen.

Interest in alternative energies is high in Sweden today, particularly in the agricultural sector. According to the Swedish lantbruksbarometern (2009), almost all respondents consider the use of some form of alternative energy from the farm. While interest in alternative energies is large, attention to the alternative energy straw has fallen and is almost nowhere mentioned in the literature today. Three years ago, in the Lantbruksbarometern nearly 44% of the farmers would be willing to invest in straw as heating system on the farm. How do the farmers decide to invest in alternative energies? With this information a problem is presented for this paper.

Powder Metal (PM) gears are machine element components which operate under the same principle as conventional gears, but, due to their intrinsic material characteristic need to be designed slightly different, and its manufacturing process offers advantages previously unobtainable by conventional steel gear manufacturing methods. The use of PM in similar applications, such as synchronous hubs, makes them a suitable candidate for production in such material. The current master thesis work focuses on gear design using PM by utilizing finite element method (FEM) to reduce weight and inertia taking into account root bending strength and tooth deflection.First a topological optimization is used to determine feasible candidates for different web designs which have as objective to reduce volume, similar topologies were shown during different loading conditions; and hence, this topology was chosen as a suitable candidate. A shape optimization of the topological candidate was performed having as state variables root bending strength, independent for compressive and tensile side of the tooth loading; and tooth deflection, which in concept can be correlated to static transmission error (TE).Another aspect in this thesis analysed is the possibility to incorporate non-trochoid root geometry, a trochoid root is always present when machining with a hob, into the gear root and hence reduce the stress concentration here. Due to the use of PM, a non-symmetric optimized root can be achieved and hence be optimizing compression and tension.Results showed significantly lower inertia, for example certain results showed 40% reduced when compared to solid gear, with adverse effects as increase in tooth deformation and increase in maximum principal stress.

The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is promising in terms of lowNOx, low particulates and high efficiency. Due to its homogeneous charge, where thecombustion starts almost simultaneously from a number of points in the combustion chamber,only lean mixtures are possible to burn because of the resulting rapid combustion, which is muchfaster than the combustion in an SI-engine or a diesel engine. When richer mixtures are used thecombustion will start earlier and also be more violent.To phase the combustion later and lower the combustion speed, external cooled EGR can beused. The EGR-system used in this thesis uses a divided exhaust channel where one channel andits corresponding valve are used only for transporting EGR back to the intake system.Consequently the EGR-valve is connected to the intake pressure. This system is called Direct-EGR (D-EGR).Engine tests verified that the CA50 indeed is phased later when cooled EGR is used.

The work thesis was performed at Assalub a company which is situated in Åtvidaberg. The company works with developing, manufacturing and marketing equipment for handling of lubricants for light and heavier industry. The work thesis it is based on a inquiry Assalub got from MacGregor which is a company within cargo solution, from port to offshore system.For unloading grain and other material from the ship cargo it is used combined inlet feeder and screw conveyor, there the inlet feeder is drilling down through the cargo and feed the screw conveyer with material to further destination. At the bottom of the screw conveyer and the inlet feeder there is a bearing that keep the parts together. However the lubrication of the bearing must be made manually.