In this essay I have looked more closely at different means of grinding wood prior to the mass production and total dominance of the sandpaper in recent times as there is virtually no information to be found about this. I have also done a few replicas of how early sandpapers might have looked and as a part of creating these replicas I have also tested diffrent types of early glues. The conclusion of it all is that all the alternative grinding materials tested workd virtually as well as modern sandpaper, with some reservations. And the replicas, although rough, worked mostly well despite being constructed with simplicity in mind. This indicates that an artisan could easily construct sandpapers if he so wished..

Denna kvalitativa studie undersöker vilken funktion det anorektiska beteendet fyller och huruvida det finns en koppling till hantering av adolescensens utvecklingsuppgifter. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med kvinnor från en icke-klinisk population som hade haft en ätstörning i tonåren. Studien visar att ätstörningen används för att hantera känslor, få en känsla av självkontroll, identitet, trygghet och självförtroende, kommunicera att man inte mår bra, få uppmärksamhet, skapa gränser samt frigöra sig eller undvika att frigöra sig från föräldrarna. Resultatet pekar på att flera av dessa sjukdomsvinster kan användas för att hantera adolescensens utvecklingsuppgifter. I studien ingår även en screeningundersökning bland universitetsstuderande (n= 406), som fann en prevalens på 6.5 % hos kvinnor respektive 2.8 % hos män för anorexia nervosa i tonåren..

Bakgrund: Folkhälsoproblemet stress har bara ökat under senare år och flertalet sjukdomar uppkommer ur stress. Det finns olika stresshanteringsmetoder, men den kinesiska medicinen som stresshantering är inte så vanligt än. Hur kan den kinesiska medicinen påverka stressen hos individen? Syfte: Vilken metod inom den traditionella kinesiska medicinen(TCM) kan hjälpa mot stressrelaterade sjukdomar? Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes med tio utvalda artiklar som analyserades och sammanställdes till en rapport. Resultat: Akupunktur, akupressur, qigong har visat sig vara bra redskap till stresshantering.

Ett av arbetsterapeutens medel för att hjälpa personer är att förskriva hjälpmedel. Rollatorn är ett sådant hjälpmedel, som är vanligt förekommande för äldre med gångsvårigheter, som förskrivs för att träna, förebygga eller kompensera. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur äldre rollatoranvändare upplever sin förmåga att använda och förstå sig på rollatorn i dagliga aktiviteter. Fyra äldre rollatoranvändare deltog i studien. Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes som metod.

The purpose of this essay is to examine how health care staff, in dementia care, feel that their work situation is affected by using two methods which are specifically designed for use in work with elderly persons suffering from dementia: validation and reminiscense.To examine this, we used a qualitative research method in the form of semistructured interviews with 6 assistant nurses/nurses. These nurses work in a living with dementia targeting which have recently applied the above two methods. Of the results reveals that nursing staff feel positive effects in their work through the use of validation and reminiscense. Examples of these positive effects are greater inclusiveness and strengthen relations in the staff group, strengthen relations between staff and residents, reduced medication of soothing medicine and improved communication with the persons suffering from dementia. The results show that nursing staff feel that it can be difficult to absorb the working methods, the importance of sufficient time and continuous guidance in the exercise of the methods and the need for a genuine interest for them to generate positive effects.

During the spring semester of 2012 did Petra Hollsten independently a thesis on reducing the environmental impact of capsule for coffee, tea and chocolate. The work was performed at Karlstad University, Faculty of Technology and Science under the Bachelor of Science program in innovation, technology and design. The project's scope is at 22.5 points.The employment for this project is the company Löfbergs Lila AB in Karlstad. Supervisor at the Principal has been Maria Herou Wallner and Sandra Lyxell, product managers. Supervisor at Karlstad University is Monica Jakobsson, lecturer and program leader for innovation and design engineering program.

The farm management system controlled traffic farming (CTF) aims to reduce soil compaction by restricting the field traffic from agricultural machinery to permanent traffic lanes. Literature and empirical findings show that soil compaction and field traffic from heavy machinery may affect crop growth negatively, reducing crop yields. If grass-clover leys are subject to heavy field traffic the botanic composition might be altered, providing a lower clover content in the forage. Clover as a silage feed is rich in protein providing good conditions for high yielding dairy cows. Grass-clover silage production is generally associated with intensive field traffic.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the current status of fuel cell technology and to establish whether said technology is mature enough to be implemented into the Swedish Armed Forces. The question to be answered in this paper is as follows: Can hydrogen gas and fuel cells be used as an alternative source of energy within the Swedish Armed Forces?This paper is based on theoretical studies and reports from prior research done on fuel cells. By studying these facts a predictive answer has been obtained. The answer I have come to, is that the maturity of fuel cell technology is currently inadequate for the Swedish Armed Forces to implement, especially considering its harsh working conditions..

The aim of this essay is to analyze the political interests of the United States Government in Turkey, from 1997 to spring 2007, using a qualitative method. I will also analyze any strategic changes during this period, by using theories of realism, particularly Structure Realism and Rational Choice. Using the Rational Actor Model (RAM), I will analyze how nation states such as the United States act in the political arena in Turkey. How can the US Government legitimize the support to Turkey and at the same time criticize there democratic deficit and their view on human rights. Turkey has been an American Military Ally, via NATO since 1952 and its demographic situation has changed since the Cold War.

Title: Strokes of music - Harmonic methods for modal music.The aim of this paper is to develop harmonic methods for music based on different modes or scales. It begins with an exploration of the music of Claude Debussy and then goes on with other methods and scales and also includes an analytic chapter and results at the end. With "strokes of music" I mean a musical technique, which has some parallels to how a painter can choose colors and palettes to express what he is looking for ? the freedom to choose between colors and palettes, or in music tones and scales ? to move between them by sudden or leading modulations, from the diatonic scales with alternative formations, to the symmetric spheres, to the melodic pentatonic scales and other alternative new formations, using plateauic solutions or chords in diatonic, functional and non-functional progressions. A scale can be used as tonality or subordinated and the harmonic rhythm can be both with no movement and fast paced.Syftet med detta dokument är att utveckla harmoniska metoder för musik som bygger på olika modus eller skalor.

Summary Today energy prices are rising. As a result biomass fuel is getting more and more interesting. Wood chips is very popular, but also straw from grain production is on the table. Lunds Energi AB project a combined power and heating plant in Örtofta out of Lund. Wood chips is meant to be the main energy source, complemented by straw. In this thesis the transportation of straw for fuel is studied.

The aim of this study is to examine how the induction period for newly employed upper secondary school teachers is implemented in practice, in relation to the Swedish Education Act and the National Agency for Education?s general guidelines. Although this induction period has been legally mandated since 2010, both previous research and current statistics indicate significant shortcomings or wide variation in its practical execution. The study is based on a qualitative interview study involving 13 school leaders. The interview responses were analyzed using three complementary theoretical frameworks: Lipsky?s theory of street-level bureaucracy, Meyer and Rowan?s concept of decoupling, and Schein?s model of organizational culture.

The public health care sector has come under increasing pressure to cut down costs, maximize productivity and satisfy patients' needs during the 1990s and onwards. As a way of "getting more for less" quality management has been introduced. Originating in the private manufacturing industry, quality management has a strong focus on productivity and efficiency, aspects which are measured in quantitative terms. However, there are strong concerns that quality management is a means of speeding up the marketization of public health care by introducing core values much different from the ethic and medical norms that traditionally underpin health care organizations.This essay focuses on how quality management has been introduced to, and transformed by, public health care. A theoretical framework based on new institutionalism is constructed, and translation theories are used as a way of illustrating how the medical institutional environment, in fact, changes the concept of quality management.

The recent history knows numerous examples of creditor?s inability to evaluate financial solvency of the client correctly. Creditors? risks do not only concern individual relations between the two parties but the economy in general. The standard loan-giving procedure considers evaluation based on a number of financial ratios.

Swedish forests are dominated by just two conifer species Norway spruce and Scotch pine. They are not able to achieve the highest possible production or fulfill industry demands for raw materials. The introduction of exotic conifers can potentially meet these shortcomings and present a relevant solution. This study was conducted in a block experiment with ten blocks planted in 1987 by SCA in North Sweden. The objective of the block experiment was to study if Black spruce is an appropriate alternative to Lodgepole pine, Norway spruce and Scotch pine on different site classes.