This is a qualitative interview study of the importance of the non-verbal communication related to the reference situation at public libraries. The experiences of both librarians and users of the reference service have been explored with regards to non-verbal communication. Eight interviews have been carried out. The results reveal that the users and librarians consider that it is important that the librarian find eye contact as well as give affirmation through nodding and smiling. To demonstrate interest and involvement in the questions through attentive listening is also of great value.

The aim of this essay was to obtain an understanding about company owners thinking about the connection between having an own company, and the risks for an alcoholic abuse. The risk factor I was researching was stress, alcoholic culture, accessibility and rehabilitation.I have interviewed five owners of small companies, two women and three men, which represents four different kinds of branches. The theories I used in analysing the empirical findings where the theories of psychosocial work environment of Lazarus, Karaseks demand/control model, epidemiology- and culture perspective.I have found that the main stress factors for company owners where the economical stress and great load of work. The stress was also related to the fact that company owners of small companies often were alone with all the responsibility and problems.Women did not use alcohol very often as a tool to reduce stress. If individuals were using alcohol to reduce their stress, it also had to deal with their ability of coping and also what channels they had for coping..

Syftet med denna studie har varit att synliggöra hur och i vilken utsträckning grundskolelärare upplever stress i sin arbetssituation. Stressens omfattning i skolvärlden har ökat markant under de två senaste decennierna i Sverige. Utifrån tidigare forskning så menar lärare att orsakerna till detta återfinns i både områden som de har påverkningsgrad inom, samt områden där de inte har det. De mest psykosocialt påfrestande faktorerna har bland annat visat sig vara det administrativa arbetets omfattning, tidsbristen, samt stökiga och ointresserade elever. Denna studie är av kvalitativ karaktär med utgångspunkt i fenomenologin och söker synliggöra lärarnas egna uppfattningar och upplevelser med hjälp av halvstrukturerade intervjuer.

Arbetsgivaren har huvudansvaret för arbetsmiljön där ohälsa skall förebyggas och en god arbetsmiljö skapas. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att sammanställa kunskap om vad som minskar stress hos sjuksköterskor. En samlad litteraturöversikt genomfördes för att analysera kunskapsläget inom området och visa på faktorer som kan minska stress i sjuksköterskans arbete. Litteraturöversikten har baserats på vetenskapliga studier från databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och Academic Search Elite publicerade mellan åren 2003-2013. Kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier har använts och analyserades enligt en manifest innehållsanalys.

Denna studies syfte är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan föräldrars attityder (krav, förväntningar och stöd) till ungdomars idrottande och ungdomarnas upplevelse av negativ stress. Studien utgår från Karaseks och Theorells (1990) krav-kontrollmodell som beskriver förhållandet mellan upplevda krav och upplevd kontroll som avgörande för hur individens situation upplevs och om den leder till positiv eller negativ stress. Enkäter delades ut till föräldrar (n=77) och ungdomar (n=77) inom olika idrottsförbund. Resultatet visar att föräldrarnas attityder är positiva och att ungdomarnas upplevelse av stress är låg. Inget samband påträffades mellan föräldrarnas attityder och ungdomarnas upplevelse av negativ stress inom idrottandet.

Förvärvsarbetande kvinnors obetalda arbete och huvudansvar för hem och barn resulterar generellt i en högre total arbetsbelastning jämfört med män. I föreliggande studie användes etablerade självskattningsinstrument för att undersöka hur självskattad stress är relaterad till total arbetsbelastning och om stress och arbetsbelastning varierar i storstad respektive tätort. Totalt deltog 114 sammanboende yrkesarbetande småbarnsmammor med minst ett barn under 12 år. Resultatet indikerar ett samband mellan småbarnsmammors stressbelastning och ansvar för hem och barn oavsett bostadsort, dock är det särskilt markant i tätorter. Den totala arbetsbelastningen var hög, särskilt det obetalda arbetet, men tycktes inte vara relaterad till upplevd stress.

Time Perspective is related to mental and physical health. This study examines the relationship between Time Perspective and perceived stress where Time Perspective was expected to predict the level of perceived stress. Past-negative, Future-negative, Future-positive and present-fatalistic were expected to be positively associated with perceived stress while Past-positive and present-hedonistic were expected to be negatively associated. Measures from the self-assessment forms S-ZTPI, PSQ-recent and CES-D from 445 participants (242 women, 203 men) between 60-90 years were used to examine the hypothesis of the study. Two hierarchical multiple regression analysis confirmed that Time Perspective is associated with perceived stress and in part 2 explains it's variance, one when adjusting for demographic data (.R = .37) and the 2 other when adjusting for demographic data and depressive symptoms (.R = .13).

 Title:              Not just words, classroom communication about subtraction in year 2Language:      Swedish with summary in English.Keywords:     Communication, mathematics, subtraction, teaching The purpose of this study is to analyze the mathematical communication in a classroom during a lesson in the field subtraction, and to find out how students describe their perception of mathematics that is communicated in the classroom.The study consists of the observations through the videotaping of two lessons in primary school grades 2 and student and teacher interviews related to these lecture occasions.Research indicates that Swedish pupils' mathematical skill continuously deteriorates in a national and international perspective, and that student experiences of mathematics in general are negative. The literature emphasizes the importance of communicating mathematics in various forms to deepen and develop understanding of concepts and mathematical operations. Communication must be generated between teachers and students but also between student and student to have a beneficial impact for the student.Our result demonstrate the different types of communication in the classroom but that communication does not always have a clear mathematical content in spite of teachers' mathematical intentions with teaching. The result also indicates that the mathematical communication that takes place, in essence, is a one-way communication where the teacher has a great opportunity to speak. The teachers perceived as oblivious to their own ways of communicating, but stressed in the interviews with an understanding of the importance of communication learning.

Syftet med vårt arbete var att undersöka vilka faktorer som leder till stress hos barn samt hur vi som pedagoger kan förebygga och aktivt arbeta mot stress i skolan. Under vår praktik har vi lagt in momentet massage i undervisningen. Detta för att med hjälp av intervjuer ta reda på hurvida eleverna upplevde sig mindre stressade. Vi intervjuade åtta elever, fyra pojkar och fyra flickor om deras upplevelser av massagen. Vi genomförde även tre intervjuer med lärare på skolan för att ta del av deras syn på barn och stress.

The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding and knowledge of how Cubans living in Sweden experience the Swedish pattern of communication in relation to the Cuban. The questions asked by the authors were: Do the Cubans experience any differences or similarities between the Swedish and the Cuban patterns of communication? If that is the case, what are they and how would they describe them? The questions were answered through a qualitative method, based on interviews with five Cubans who were raised in Cuba and are now living in Sweden. Communication Theory has constituted the fundamental theoretical tool of analysis, complemented by Social Psychological Role theory. The results of the study have been analyzed using both phenomenological and hermeneutical methods.

Subjektivt välbefinnande handlar om människors upplevelser av sitt eget liv, enligt deras egen subjektiva värdering av sitt liv. Studiens primära syfte var att undersöka sambandet mellan självkänsla, stress och subjektivt välbefinnande hos svenska högskolestudenter. Könsskillnader, nedlagd studietid och åldersskillnader undersöktes även i relation till subjektivt välbefinnande. Syftet undersöktes utifrån fem hypoteser och en frågeställning. Totalt delades 139 enkäter ut till studenter vid en mellanstor högskola i mellersta Sverige.

The aim of this study is to examine which communication channels and communication strategies Umea? municipality could use for information concerning outdoor recreation. To achieve this aim the following theories and views have been applied: social communication, communication strategies, two-way symmetrical communication, social media and uses and gratifications. The study was conducted through four focus group interviews and one informant interview. The focus groups consisted of four groups of outdoor enthusiasts in Umea? municipality: outdoor interested students, organized outdoor enthusiasts, active families and active seniors.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen var att undersöka om det förekommer stress bland barnen i förskolan, hur den i så fall yttrar sig samt hur personalen vid förskolorna jobbar för att motverka eventuell stress bland barnen. Muntliga intervjuer användes som undersöknings metod med diktafon som hjälpmedel. Åtta förskollärare har blivit intervjuade och intervjuerna har utförts i två olika kommuner. Resultatet visade att det förekommer många olika tecken på stress bland barnen och att både pedagoger och föräldrar till stor del bidrar till stressen..

The purpose of this study has been to investigate how four 3rd grade pedagogues allow communication in the teaching of mathematics and how these pedagogues allow their students to use and expand their language of mathematics. It has also been an aim to investigate these four pedagogues? opinions about the significance of communication and of the language of mathematics for students? mathematical learning.The study is based on a sociocultural perspective of Vygotskij?s. The theory implies the importance of using the language and communication for students? learning.

AbstractHeadline To communicate the environment, ?Rarely a paper on the wall?, a study about communication strategies when it comes to internalize a policy in two secondary schools.Number of pages 42 (61 including enclosures)Author Fanny PerssonTutor Peder Hård af SegerstadCourse Media and communication CPeriod Autumn 2007/spring 2008University Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala UniversityPurpose/aim The purpose of this work was to see what channels of communication are to prefer when working with secondary school pupils, more concrete when speaking about the environment, about the profile of the school and democracy among the pupils.Material/method I am going to visit two secondary schools in the middle of Sweden, one that has an environment certification, and the other one is a regular secondary school. To answer these questions I am going to interview totally four teachers, two from each school, and 12 pupils from each school divided into two groups per school.Main results One of the main results was that the pupils prefer to mix the tutoring for a better way to learn. Another result was that they see their teachers as paragons and that it is more important what the teachers do than what they say.Keywords Environment, Communication, Environment Certifikation, Secondary school, Karl Weick, Communication theory, Understanding, Internalize, Identification, Profile.