Sports associations play a very important role in the Swedish civil society, and since the 1st of July 1987 they have been exempted from the duty to pay VAT. By introducing an sufficiently closely related. When the conflict of law exists, the directive will be accorded priority, which leads to the Swedish Sports Federation must examine and considerexemption for sports associations the income tax field and VAT field correlate and the legislative change resulted in more favorable pre-close solutions for all of Sweden's non- profit organizations.  In June 2008 the European Commission launched a process concerning Swedish infringement against EU-law, and with it the Swedish civil society, where all Swedish sports associations are included, is threatened. The European Commission wants to, among other things, force sports associations into the VAT system for the purpose of the VAT Directive to be achieved.

In the year 2002 a commission wasappointed by the government and taskedto clear up possible flaws in the lawgoverning spatial planning (Plan ochbygglagen, PBL). The commission's reportlaid the foundations for a new law whichwas adopted by the Swedish parliament onthe 20th of June 2010 and is scheduledto come into effect on the 2nd of May2011.The purpose of this thesis has been toexamine the changes made in the new law,primarily from a civil-rights point ofview, focusing on the appeal process.This is a highly interesting subjectconsidering one reason behind the newlaw was to simplify and streamline theplanning process while keeping civilrights intact.Through a comprehensive literature studyand interviews with experts the currentplanning process was mapped out andrelevant changes in the new law wereexamined. After the study had beenconcluded we were able to distinguishseveral areas that underwent especiallyinteresting changes;The requirement of a plan program wasremoved and the exhibition process wasremoved and replaced by a writtenreview. Individuals were given thepossibility of requesting a plan notice.The different spatial plan documentswere merged into one single document andthe number of responsible authoritiesfor spatial plans is no longer limitedto one.The study has shown that the aspirationfor a more effective spatial planningprocess has mostly been conducted at theexpense of individual rights.The single biggest obstacle forachieving a democratic planning processis learning how the law works and howthe spatial planning process isimplemented, this is has been proven tobe a very hard and time consuming taskfor individuals to undertake..

The purpose of the essay is both to bring forward the threats images, sectors, actors and referents that can be found at the European border between 2007-2010 and to explore whether they change during this period. Furthermore, the essay also intends to review the Copenhagen School?s theory of securitization. The analysis of the essay will be done on the European commission?s ?Enlargement Strategy and Main Challenges?, a rapport that focus on the European border and its enlargement.

 The aim and scope of this study is to describe the coordination of joint efforts concerning chemicals and hazardous substances in the Baltic Sea region, between the Swedish Chemicals Agency (KemI) and the land-based pollution group of the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM LAND). Based on the description of the coordination, the second aim is to discuss the consequences for the Swedish Chemicals Agency in its policy shaping work towards a nontoxic environment. A qualitative and descriptive case study method is used for this purpose. Theories of coordination and achievement-inducing criteria for environmental goals are applied to the case. Components and related processes of coordination are applied to the descriptive part of the study, whilst the achievement-inducing criteria are applied in the discussion.

Räckvidden av artikel 82 i EG-fördraget framgår inte tydligt av fördragstexten och en förståelse för dess tillämpningsområde kräver en undersökning av rättspraxis. Uppsatsens syfte är att klargöra tillämpningen av artikel 82 på marknader där ingen dominerande ställning existerar. Förstainstansrättens och EG-domstolens benägenhet att utvidga tillämpningen av artikel 82 har varit sparsam, vilket framgår av antalet fall rörande angränsande marknader. Det senaste målet var T-201/04, Microsoft v Commission, där Förstainstansrätten kunde ha utvecklat Kommissionens resonemang, som för övrigt var mycket djupgående, men nöjde sig med att bekräfta dess beslut. Även i den rättsvetenskapliga litteraturen är behandlingen av området tämligen begränsad, och bunden till målet C-333/94P, Tetra Pak International SA v Commission.

Politicians attract their voters by promising more jobs and investment in education, health and social care. Against this background, I wonder how the situation of artists will be affected by the followingquestions:? What political views on the artist's position in society appeared in propositions of Socialdemokraterna and Moderaterna?? In what way did these propositions influence the conditions of artists?? How have the artists of Värmland been affected by different (Socialdemokraterna and Moderaterna) cultural policies? With my investigation I find out more about the artists' conditions on a national level, but I also investigate the situation in Värmland. By examining policy proposals and reports, I learn more about the issues. I also conduct a survey and three in-depth interviews to obtain opinions from various sources.The respondents are the cultural departments of Värmland and representatives from cultural organizations.What is clear from my research is that politicians differ on some issues, especially those relating to commercialism and artist salaries.

In the European Union and in Swedish labor law, permanent employment is the main goal for employment of workers. An exception to that rule is temporary employment. The Swedish rules relating to temporary employment have undergone several changes since the Employment Protection Act was implemented in 1974. The last reform in 2007 has received criticism by respondents for not following the Union directive on fixed-term work, which went into effect in 2001. In 2010 the European Commission opened an infringement case against Sweden, after a complaint from a Swedish employees? organization.

This paper aims to study, from a legal dogmatic method, the Swedish legislation on fixed-term work related to the EU directive 99/70/EC1. In particular, the directives demand to prevent abuse of frequent temporary employment.An employer may, in agreement with the Swedish legislation combine different types of temporary employment, to prolong the time in the temporary employment. In this proceeding an employer can avoid employing an employee in a permanent position. For example, an employee can be employed in a probationary period of six months, in a general temporary employment for a maximum of 24 months, and thereafter in a temporary position for a maximum of 24 months before the employment turns into a permanent position. This provided that the employments were made by the same employer, and within five years.

The Brussels I-Regulation, often referred to as the Jurisdiction Regulation, is said to be the matrix of the European judicial cooperation system within the area of international private law. The Regulation states how jurisdiction is to be determined in an international dispute. The aim of the Regulation is to ensure that parties in a dispute within the EU have access to justice.The Regulation is considered to be working well in general, and have been since it came in-to force in 2007. Although it is held to be well functioning it does not exclude that some improvements might be needed. The commission ordered a review of the Regulation and the result was that some deficiencies were identified.

In Sweden today almost all people are connected to a bank in some way. It can range from loans, savings, shares, etc. They have a current account where salaries, student aid etc. is paid. Due to the large selection of banks, it has become more important for banks to be competitive in their services to their customers so they don?t change bank.

Syftet med uppsatsen, att utreda de skillnader i rättsverkningar som finns mellan Natura 2000-områden och vanliga naturreservat,har jag uppnått genom att använda mig av traditionell juridisk metod. Genom att jämföra lagtextformuleringar, förarbeten och bakgrund till bestämmelserna om de två områdesskydden har jag funnit att reglerna om Natura 2000-områden har en betydligt större räckvidd än bestämmelserna för vanliga naturreservat. Allehanda verksamheter och åtgärder omfattas av den särskilda tillståndprövning som gäller för ingrepp i Natura 2000-områden, medan vanliga naturreservat har begränsad räckvidd till de ingrepp som stadgas i reservatsföreskrifterna. Jag har även funnit skillnader när det gäller inrättandet och upphävandet av områdesskydd, och resultatet är att EU-kommissionen utövar en stark kontroll vad gäller Natura 2000-områden. Kommissionen kan tvinga medlemsstaterna att inrätta särskilt skyddat område, och om medlemsstaten vill upphäva skyddet måste samråd ske med kommissionen.

The main purpose of this Masters thesis is to examine gender division in public libraries by reviewing literature and interviewing eight public librarians and two chief librarians. The reason why we decided to investigate this topic is the lack of research concerning sex-segregation in library and information science. By choosing this subject we intend to deepen the understanding of the significance of gender both within the public library and of the occupation in general. Some researchers claim that the low status of librarianship is a result of the large proportion of women in the profession. We want to find out how our informants view the relation between professional status and female domination.

De allra flesta fastighetsmäklare i Sverige arbetar med provisionslön. Syftet med det här arbetet är därför att förhoppningsvis skapa en diskussion i fastighetsmäklarbranschen om det är nödvändigt med provisionslön. Vi har intervjuat sex fastighetsmäklare och bland annat kommit fram till att det är dags för en förändring i fastighetsmäklarbranschen och att det bör föras en gemensam diskussion om lönesättningen..

Sweden is a member of the European Union since 1995. The European Union issues directives that cover different areas. Member states must implement these directives into their national legislation. The European council issued in 1993 a directive that took action on the organization of working time, also known as the working time directive. The full name is: Council directive 93/104/EC of 23 November 1993 concerning certain aspects of the organization of working time.

According to a decision of the European Commission, measures are to be taken to reduce the use of energy in the EU. The goal is to reduce it by 20 % compared to the current use. This shall be done to the year 2020 (European Commission, 2011). One industry that use large amounts of energy is the construction of buildings which account for almost a third of the energy use (Brogren, 2012). The major part of the energy that is used in the construction industry is not used when the buildings are built, but rather during the rest of their subsequent lifetime.