En mer miljömedveten och energismart byggbransch behövs för säkerställandet av hållbara städer både idag och för kommande generationer. Därför introducerar fler och fler exploatörer miljöklassificeringssystem, även kallade miljöcertifieringssystem, som arbetsmetod. Miljöklassning innebär en bedömning av den miljöpåverkan som byggnation av en ny fastighet medför. Oklart är hur och om dessa system är tillämpningsbara från ett landskapsarkitekturperspektiv och i följande arbete ämnar jag att besvara följande frågeställning: Vad skiljer de allt mer frekvent använda miljöcertifieringssystemen BREEAM och Grönytefaktorn ur ett svenskt landskapsarkitekturperspektiv? Två av de största systemen på den svenska marknaden, BREEAM Europe Commercial och Grönytefaktorn, analyseras och jämförs med stöd i två aktuella exploateringsområden: Masthusen och Norra Djurgårdsstaden.

Texture is an important soil property and accurate particle size analysis of soil texture is therefore crucial. There are a number of well-established and newly developed methods available for determining soil texture. In order to compare the results of these methods, the differences between them must be determined. The difficulties, problems and differences regarding texture class determination were examined through a study performed on forest soil samples. The study compared different methods (pipette, hydrometer and field methods) and two types of dispersing agents (sodium pyrophosphate and sodium hexametaphosphate (calgon)) commonly used for particle size analysis.

The forests in Sweden have, for a long time, been managed intensively. This has led to even-aged stands with few tree species and a lack of dead wood. Therefore, general conservation measures in connection with regeneration felling are important in order to promote biodiversity. Inventories carried out by the Swedish Forest Agency, however, show that about 25 % of the felled area does not reach the level of the Forestry Act, regarding general conservation measures. The aim of my study was to see whether exemptions from the six week notice of reporting regeneration fellings (the Forest Agency demands a report six weeks in advance of fellings), affect the results of the general conservation measures taken.

In order to understand the human impact on today?s remaining ?virgin? forest and to develop sensible management strategies for future reserves, it is necessary to know how these forests have developed. This knowledge can be gained by using forest history analysis. here are large areas of forests still untouched by modern forestry in the mountainous region in the county of Norrbotten. These forests are highly interesting study objects from an ecological and historical point of view.

Marknadsföring till barn är ett mycket fascinerande ämne och som det skrivs i motionen 2011/12: C385 (Sveriges riksdag, 2011), är det samhällets ansvar att öka medvetenheten inom dessa frågor. I Sverige är det olagligt med marknadsföring som riktar sig till barn under tolv år. Trots detta förekommer det dolda reklambudskap i barnfilmer på den svenska marknaden.Målet med denna studie är att skapa en förståelse och förklara begreppet produktplacering. Vi vill försöka ge en så bred och komplett bild som möjligt över detta fenomen. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på om barn kan uppmärksamma de dolda budskapen.

Extensive planting of the tree species lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) during the 1970s and 80s has resulted in large areas now being available for commercial thinning. However, the varying quality of the stands creates a problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate, at the Torsby district of the Stora Enso forest company, how well the present computer records of the stands correspond to reality and determine which stands are, from a qualitative perspective, suited for timber production. Finding variables that indicate better stands would give Stora Enso the possibility of selecting qualitative stands which are more profitable to thin. The study included 32 stands containing at least 70 % Pinus contorta.

The Swedish building and property management sector are responsible for about 30 % of the total energy use. In order to take environmental consideration, different environmental assessment tools and standards are used. Miljo?byggnad, Svanen, FEBY12 and PHI are some of these. There has been increased interest to certify buildings and therefore it is of interest to evaluate the assessment of the energy field to see if relevant energy aspects are assessed.

Frågan om hur och när ett bindande avtal uppstår mellan två parter är en praktiskt viktig fråga i affärslivet. Den svenska avtalslagen behandlar ingåendet av avtal enligt anbud-acceptmodellen men inte de många andra modeller som kan ge upphov till avtalsbundenhet. Dessa modeller har istället fått utvecklas och preciseras i rättspraxis och doktrin. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka under vilka förutsättningar bindande avtal kommer till stånd i den svenska rätten och samtidigt översiktligt diskutera hur den framtida svenska avtalsrätten bör se ut.Uppsatsen behandlar den svenska avtalsrätten men analyserar även i stor utsträckning material från övriga nordiska länder. Detta eftersom lagstiftningen i dessa länder vad gäller allmän avtalsrätt uppvisar stora likheter.

The aim of this master´s thesis is to examine how librarian´s views of the users can vary for different types of materials in public libraries. We have seen that literature and reading are the central parts of the libraries in Sweden. All other types of media are traditionally seen as complements and in focus for the study is feature film as an example of these other medias. We examine policy documents to see the official view of the general target group of the libraries and compare it to the view of the users of feature films as expressed by the librarians. The study includes several different types of empirical materials such as interviews, observations and documents and the method used is case studies.

A high amount of dead wood is one of the most important prerequisites for high biodiversity on forest land in Sweden. Dead wood is most abundant in young forests, thinned forests, woodland key habitats and protected forest land. In old-growth forests most of the dead wood consists of logs and snags, whilst in managed forests a huge proportion of dead wood is made up of logging residues like stumps and FWD, fine woody debris (< 10 cm diameter). All these different types of dead wood may serve as substrates for epixylic bryophytes and lichens. However, few studies have been conducted on the relative importance of these different fractions of dead wood for the occurrence of bryophytes and lichens, especially when considering dead wood on thinned forest land.

This study presents a holistic view of which factors small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have to consider, in moving their customer order decoupling point (CODP) further from the customer, thereby becoming more customized. The study also investigate whether SMEs and larger enterprises differ in the strategic questions relating to what influences an enterprise to become more customized, which prerequisites are required and which problems enterprises should anticipate and prepare for. These questions are important, given that strategic change is challenging, and can take considerable time to accomplish; it therefore needs to be based on the right decisions. This study is motivated by the fact that the markets SMEs are selling to tend to become more and more complex and harder to anticipate. Increased globalisation and use of IT and ICT have lead to greater uncertainty in customer demand.

When single-family lots are valued for development of new residential areas,the valuation is influenced by several factors. The valuation is a matter ofdefinition that varies according to its interpreter. Previous research conductedin other countries, has identified a number of value-influencing factors. Thesefactors are the basis for this study.The study's purpose is to highlight the value-influencing factors thatcustomers value and are looking for in the choice of single-family lots. Thestudy also seeks to determine if there is an unknown difference between howprofessionals and clients value single-family lots.The study showed that the value factors considered important for customersand also professionals are consistent and applicable with the factors reportedfrom previous research.

The objective of a site leasehold is to allow the lessee to occupy a specific plot of land. In return, the lessor imposes an annual ground rent. The ground rent ownership gives the lessor the possibility to capture the increasing in land value. As such, the rent is based on the value of the land multiplied with a percentage that reflects the yield of the land value. It is renegotiated every ten years.

The aim of this study is to examine how work at music departments in public libraries has changed with time. To analyze this, the role of music libraries as well as music library users, selection, holdings, acquisition and technological development have been examined. The examined data consists of qualitative interviews with music librarians and library assistants at public libraries in Sweden. To get a time perspective, handbooks and articles about music departments in libraries have also been analyzed.This study emanates from Sanna Talja?s discourse analysis of music libraries in Finland.

Officialservitut är en rättighet där en fastighet får nyttja annans fastighet för ett speciellt behov. Sådana servitut bildas genom beslut av lantmäterimyndigheten eller domstolen. När ett servitut inte längre behövs eller används för en fastighet förfaller det inte automatiskt. Om servitutet inte upphävs blir det onyttigt. Idag finns det många onyttiga servitut som belastar fastighetsregistret och på så sätt även förrättningsverksamheten.Syftet med det här arbetet är att öka kunskapen om onyttiga officialservitut samt att bidra till att på sikt minska förekomsten av belastande officialservitut.