This thesis has been conducted at Saab Bofors Dynamics AB. The purpose was to investigate if a non-linear missile model could be stabilized when the optimal control signal is computed considering constraints on the control input. This is particularly interesting because the missile is controlled with rudders that have physical bounds. This strategy is called Model Predictive Control. Simulations are conducted to compare this strategy with others; firstly simulations with step responses and secondly simulations when the missile is supposed to hit a moving target.

The aim of this thesis was to develop an objective and automatic method for identifying capillaries in microscope images of the skin. Furthermore, statistical data about the identified capillaries and the capillary distribution should be computed and stored in a database. The method was implemented using the platform independent programming language Java. An analysis of microscope improvement using various polarization filter setups and wavelength filtershas also been performed, as well as a pilot study of the effect of applying a local anaesthetic cream on the skin. The method is developed and aimed at research on various pathological skin conditions affecting the capillary distribution.

When SKL (Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science) gets images to analyse, the task often is to identify a person or an object. In that work it?s important to find features. Unfortunately images from camera surveillances often contain a lot of noise, so details can be hard to discern.A simple method to improve an image from a sequence is to compute the mean of some of the images. However, the part of interest in the image has to be in the same position in all images.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the major swedish banks look upon and promote student profitability as well as long-term relationships within the student segment from a CRM point of view. The study incorporates a qualitative course of action with an abductive research approach which has been carried out by conducting personal and telephone interviews with representatives from three out of the four major swedish banks Nordea, Swedbank and Handelsbanken. Our research finds that the banks appear to regard their relationships with students as long-term investments, but that they simultaneously seem to lack distinctive, clear and procreative strategies for securing these relationships. Furthermore, the development of profitability within the student segment is considered an informal process that does not necessarily need to be computed through the use of quantitative estimates. Also, educational variables does not influence the banks as they segment their customer base and the student-centred offerings within the banking industry is to be deemed as being standardized rather than differentiated..

The county hospital of Dalarna has for the last couple of years carried through a process of digitalization. The result is that within the county it exists image plate systems from two different manufacturers. In an attempt to create a tool for dose optimization and dose surveillance the county of Dalarna would like to investigate if the exposure index from Agfa and Fuji is suitable as a dose indicator. An investigation of the exposure index, S, from Fuji has already been done. This thesis has been continuing the investigation by evaluating the stability of the exposure index, lgM, from Agfa.

This is a product development project which has developed a prototype in order to facilitate for people using mobility devices when they want to buy a larger quantity of groceries. The prototype is a shopping cart composed with the upper part of a walker.Today there are many different types of mobility devices used by elderly and people with physical impairment. According to Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) are accidental falls the most common cause of accidents in Sweden.This project has been using Computer Aided Design (CAD) as a tool to create a visual image of the prototype. The advantage of this is to modify the functionality and performance of the prototype on the computer before the modification takes place in the real model. Using human manikins, the CAD model was rendered in natural surroundings to get as true a picture as possible.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att utreda sambandet mellan ögats ametropi och tjockleken på retinas nervfiberlager (RNFL) med optical coherence tomography teknik (OCT).Metod: I studien ingick 30 försökspersoner med olika typ av ametropi. En inledande mätning med autorefraktor genomfördes och styrkorna värderades därefter av i provbåge. På så sätt erhölls ett resultat på storleken på den eventuella ametropin. Därefter utfördes den huvudsakliga mätningen av nervfiberlagets tjocklek med OCT kameran OPKO Spectral OCT Slo på samtliga försökspersoners högerögon. Försökspersonerna delades in i fem olika grupper utifrån befintlig ametropi.Resultat: En signifikant korrelation mellan ögats ametropi och det retinala nervfiberlagrets tjocklek hittades då resultaten från alla 30 försökspersoner analyserades mot varandra.

Sisyla is a joint project between the counties of Skåne, Blekinge, Jönköping, Kronobergand Kalmar in Sweden. A geographic database has been built with the aim to study theservice situation of the area. The main purpose of this thesis is to find a method toinvestigate the quality of the Sisyla database and to apply it. The method is adjusted tothe standard ISO 19114. The agreement between the database and reality was studied ina test sample.

Modern missiles must meet higher and higher demands. They should be autonomous, have long range and still have a big effect on the target. To maximize effect on target some missiles not only minimize miss distance, but also try to hit with a certain angle; often perpendicular to the surface of the target. In this thesis a method to guide the missile in the terminal phase of its mission where both point of impact as angle of impact are specified. The method consist of two parts.

This report is introduced with a presentation of fundamental electromagnetic theories, which have helped a lot in the achievement of methods for calculation and design of microstrip transmission lines and circulators. The used software for the work is also based on these theories. General considerations when designing microstrip solutions, such as different types of transmission lines and circulators, are then presented. Especially the design steps for microstrip lines, which have been used in this project, are described. Discontinuities, like bends of microstrip lines, are treated and simulated.

Syfte: Syftet med studien var att, med hja?lp av Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), underso?ka om det finns na?gon skillnad i central och perifer retinal tjocklek mellan olika ametropier.Metod: Studien omfattade 36 fo?rso?kspersoner, som grupperades beroende pa? ametropi i en myop, emmetrop och hyperop grupp. Av de 36 fo?rso?kspersonerna var det 15 myoper, 15 emmetroper och 6 hyperoper. En inledande ma?tning gjordes da?r fo?rso?kspersonernas objektiva refraktion uppma?ttes med autorefraktor och da?refter gjordes en avsta?mning i provba?ge fo?r att sa?kersta?lla refraktionen.

The subject of this thesis is the application of Support Vector Machines on two totally different applications, facial expressions recognition and remote sensing.The basic idea of kernel algorithms is to transpose input data in a higher dimensional space, the feature space, in which linear operations on the data can be processed more easily. These operations in the feature space can be expressed in terms of input data thanks to the kernel functions. Support Vector Machines is a classifier using this kernel method by computing, in the feature space and on basis of examples of the different classes, hyperplanes that separate the classes. The hyperplanes in the feature space correspond to non linear surfaces in the input space.Concerning facial expressions, the aim is to train and test a classifier able to recognise, on basis of some pictures of faces, which emotion (among these six ones: anger, disgust, fear, joy, sad, and surprise) that is expressed by the person in the picture. In this application, each picture has to be seen has a point in an N-dimensional space where N is the number of pixels in the image.The second application is the detection of camouflage nets hidden in vegetation using a hyperspectral image taken by an aircraft.

Nutrient enrichment is the main cause of the increasing eutrophication process in the Baltic Sea during last century. A prerequisite counteract this process the load of nutrients to the Sea must be investigated. The large contribution of nutrients to the Sea is caused by emission from the rivers within the drainage basin. For the total emission of nutrient into the Sea the retention process in the rivers has big influence. This process in the river system has been assumed as a not important part of the nutrient cycle.

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate and update load curves for Fortum Distribution AB. Theload curve method is a tool used to forecast the strain of an electric grid. The method is based oncustomer annual energy consumption, outdoors temperature as well as customer category. Theload curve method was established by Svenska Elverksföreningen at the start of the nineties andfocus was put on standardizing annual energyconsumption, in order to make the method usableacross the nation. Present consumption patterns have changed since the original load curves wereproduced, which leads to a need to update the load curves.The work began with an update of present load curves according to recommendation taken fromanother earlier thesis.

Thinning is one of the most important silvicultural activities in middle aged forests, partly to minimize damages and partly because it leads to earlier harvesting revenues and increases the value of the remaining trees. There are many different indices used to describe stand density and thereby the need of thinning in forests today. Studies have shown that forest variables can be estimated with high accuracy using airborne laser scanning and it is likely that the method could also be used to estimate forest density indices. In this study, the possibility of using the forest density index ?H² to determine and map priorities for thinning operations for a forest area was examined.