BACKGROUND: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a slow progressive disease affecting the family caregivers by limiting their lifestyle. Subsequently the situation can be experienced as stressful for both the afflicted and the relatives. To easier understand the needs of the caregivers of family members suffering from COPD have, it is important to get an insight into their experience of every-day life, so that medical staff can help, support and promote their health according to their needs. AIM: To illustrate caregivers? experiences of living with a family member suffering from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Chronic illness is associated with conditions that may result in psychological ill-health in the adolescence. Consequently there is a need for development of preventive psychosocial support interventions for this target group. The objective was to develop, implement, and evaluate the effect of supportive intervention group program for teenagers suffering from Chronic illness - aiming at increasing quality of life and supporting mental and physical health. Method: Six different intervention groups were conducted between 2007 and 2011, age 13?17.

In the nurse's profession ulcer care is a common nursing intervention. Being inserted in methods of treatment and updated with evidence-based knowledge is therefore an important part of the nurse's work. Chronic ulcers are expensive for health care and occupy a lot of time. Knowledge is therefore important for ulcer healing, for the patient comfort and to reduce costs. The aim of the study was to illustrate the nurse's knowledge of nursing interventions of Chronic ulcer.

The purpose with this work is to describe the language that is built around the Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in Sweden. Our questions are: What does the professional field look like; who writes, about what and for which kind of readers? How do they describe the expressions and the upcoming of CFS? For which reasons can CFS be considered as a medical diagnosis/illness? How can CFS be understood from a social perspective? Our theoretical starting point is a social constructive theory and also Karin Johannisson's theory about medicalization and Foucault?s theory about power. We have from a literature-exposition of Swedish articles from 1989 to 2006, done a social constructive discourse analysis with help from Laclau & Mouffe's discourse theory, and Fairclough's model of social practices. In our textual analysis we found three dominating discourses: A medical discourse, a social/cultural discourse and a general/popular discourse.

Psykisk ohälsa är ett samhällsproblem som kräver mer uppmärksamhet från sjukvårdens sida. En kronisk sjukdom drabbar både patienter och deras livskamrater och präglas av olika förluster som förändrar livet. Förlusterna skapar en klyfta mellan det liv patienter och livskamrater lever och de liv de egentligen vill leva. Det är i denna klyfta som den kroniska sorgen skapas. Kronisk sorg skiljer sig från vanlig sorg då den återkommer i perioder och växlar i intensitet.

En dramatisk ökning av långtidssjukskrivning p. g. a. psykisk ohälsa, ofta stress, har skett de senaste åren. Sedan 2005 finns diagnosen utmattningssyndrom (UMS).

Chronic illness is associated with conditions that may result in psychological ill-health in the adolescence. Consequently there is a need for development of preventive psychosocial support interventions for this target group. The objective was to develop, implement, and evaluate the effect of supportive intervention group program for teenagers suffering from Chronic illness - aiming at increasing quality of life and supporting mental and physical health. Method: Six different intervention groups were conducted between 2007 and 2011, age 13?17.

SammanfattningBakgrundKronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom orsakas ofta av rökning, vilket anses av de flesta vara en självförvållad sjukdom. Konsekvenserna av detta blir att patienter med KOL ofta upplever skuld och skamkänslor.SyfteSyftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva patienters erfarenhet av skuld och skam vid kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom.MetodI litteraturstudien granskades åtta vetenskapliga artiklar för att få en kunskap om patienternas känslor kring sin sjukdom. Innehållsanalys användes med ett deduktivt förhållningssätt där data bearbetades för att identifiera mönster och teman.ResultatTvå huvudkategorier; skuld och skam var från början definierade och under analysen identifierades en tredje; stigmatisering. Dessa kunde senare delas in i tre olika nivåer; individ, familj/omgivning och sjukvård.KonklusionDenna studie ger sjuksköterskan en bättre förståelse för vilka känslor som kan uppstå vid en ofta självförvållad sjukdom som KOL. Den visar också vikten av att möta patienterna med empati, respekt och höja deras känsla av värdighet och moral. .

An article review about Chronic stress, which is harmful, how it manifest itself and affect females. The nursing perspective was also in focus, how the nurse can prevent unhealth caused by harmful stress among these females and how the nurse can help these women to help themselves..

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att enligt vetenskapliga studier, publicerade mellan år 2002 och 2007, beskriva omvårdnad av patienter med kronisk hjärtsvikt. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie med beskrivande design. Information hämtades från databaserna Medline, Academic Search Elite och Cochrane Library, samt ur Vård i Nordens webbarkiv. Sökorden som användes var ?Chronic heart failure? och ?nursing?.

Background: Osteoarthritis is understood to be a common cause of pain and dysfunction in cats; however there are few validated pain assessment methods for Chronic pain in cats. In order to design a proper pain questionnaire, it usability need to be tested in both sound and sick cats. Aim: The aim was to investigate the usability of the pain questionnaire ?Lifestyle changes in cats? by compiling the results from the pain questionnaire reflecting the lifestyle in 30 healthy cats and compare it to the results from a clinical examination, as well as proposing improvements and additions to the questionnaire based on a literature review. Material and method: 30 healthy cats participated in the pilot study; the pet owner filled out a pain questionnaire with 16 questions regarding their cat´s behavioral and eventual changes in behavior and physical function. Thereafter the cat walked over a pressure measurement mat and finally underwent an orthopedic-directed clinical examination. The literature was found on Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Sciencedirect, and Google Scholar and also with the help of my supervisors.

Patienter som diagnostiserats med en långvarig sjukdom upplever ofta sin livssituation somomtumlande och svår. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur patienter medkronisk sjukdom bemästrar sin livssituation och hur sjuksköterskan kan stödja/hjälpa dem attuppnå högre livskvalitet. Egenvård är en viktig del i patientens vardag och genom att engagerapatienten i vården blir han/hon mer trygg i sig själv och kan leva ett bra liv trots en långvarigsjukdom. Uppsatsen är en litteraturstudie som bygger på elva artiklar och dessa har sökts fram pådatabaserna CINAHL och PubMed. Metoden som använts för att bearbeta artiklarna är induktivanalys.

Kroniska bensår är en både tids- och kostnadskrävande åkomma för samhället och ger sänkt livskvalitet för de drabbade. Läkningstiden kan variera från några månader upp till flera decennier och det finns inte i dag någon given behandlingsmetod. Elektrisk nervstimulering är en vedertagen metod för smärtlindring som i viss utsträckning även används med syfte att förbättra sårläkning vid kroniska bensår. Kunskaperna om dess användbarhet är dock dåligt spridd bland vård- och rehabpersonal. Syftet var att skapa en överblick av den publicerade litteraturen gällande elektrisk nervstimulering som kompletterande behandling vid kronsikt bensår.

African Swine Fever (ASF) is one of the most serious transboundary swine diseases because of its high lethality for pigs, socioeconomic consequences, rapid and international spread and the absence of either treatment or vaccine. This Sida Minor Field Study (MFS) was carried out during fall 2010, as part of a larger collaborative research project called ASFUganda, focusing on the epidemiology of the disease in Uganda. The aim with this study was to get more knowledge about the pathology in cases of ASF in Uganda, by studying macroscopic and microscopic lesions in pigs with acute and Chronic ASF and to detect the ASF virus (ASFV) in tissues by immunohistochemistry. The pigs were selected from the two different geographical locations in Uganda, Mityana and Gulu district, both with on going confirmed outbreaks of ASF. Necropsies were performed in the field, and the laboratory procedures at the JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Veterinary Pathology Laboratory, Entebbe, Uganda, and at the Department of BVF, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden. Three pigs from an outbreak of ASF in Mityana district showed both the history and the clinical symptoms typical for ASF.

The present study discusses the metabolism of ethanol in the human body from the ingestion of ethanol to the excretion of its break down products water and carbon dioxide. Ethanol is a small molecule, soluble in water as well as in organic solutions. It is quickly distributed to every section in the body, where it exerts a direct toxic effect on the cells. Ethanol cannot directly leave the body efficiently so it needs other metabolic pathways. The molecule is metabolized by oxidation, predominately in the liver.