Kronisk njursvikt ökar varje år och vid terminal njurinsufficiens ses njurtransplantation som förstaval av behandling. Behovet av donerade njurar är större än tillgången, vilket leder till en lång väntan för individen. Studiens syfte var att beskriva individers upplevelser i väntan på en njurtransplantation. Metoden var en litteraturstudien där tio vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och analyserades. I analysen framkom tre teman som utgjorde resultatet: behandling för att överleva där dialysbehandlingen sågs som en begränsning i livet och gjorde det svårt att leva som dem gjort tidigare, känna hopp där en transplantation var något att hoppas på, ett sätt att ta sig ur dialysen och få tillbaka sitt gamla liv, samt känna hopplöshet där rädsla för att njurtransplantationen aldrig skulle bli av och känslor av att vara på is i väntan uppkom.

Causes of thrombocytopenia in dogs ? a retrospective study of 123 cases The purpose of this retrospective case study was to determine which diseases are associated with thrombocytopenia in Swedish dogs. Records of 123 dogs with thrombocytopenia were evaluated. The most common cause was neoplasia-associated thrombocytopenia (32%). The largest proportion within this group was unspecified neoplasia.

Elderly patients experiences of palliative care ? a rewireThe purpose of this paper was to study elderly patient?s experience of palliative care with present knowledge as starting point. The questions were; what criteria do the elderly, dying person think is most important to fulfill in palliative care? and how satisfied is the elderly, dying person with the palliative care that are giving to him/her? The information were collected by a data based search trough science magazines and technical literature. Four relevant studies were found; Costello (2001), Heyland (2005), Wilson (1999) and Formiga (2004).

Elderly patients experiences of palliative care ? a rewireThe purpose of this paper was to study elderly patient?s experience of palliative care with present knowledge as starting point. The questions were; what criteria do the elderly, dying person think is most important to fulfill in palliative care? and how satisfied is the elderly, dying person with the palliative care that are giving to him/her? The information were collected by a data based search trough science magazines and technical literature. Four relevant studies were found; Costello (2001), Heyland (2005), Wilson (1999) and Formiga (2004).

This student report is about canine atopic dermatitis It includes a description of the immunologic mechanisms and how the reaction affects the body. The symptoms are various, most common is pruritus, erythema and alopecia and directly associated with the immunologic reaction. The diagnostic process includes symptoms, physical findings, differential diagnosis, intradermal test and serological test. The options of treatment are several and vary for each patient. The report includes hyposensitization, medical treatment such as corticosteroids, antihistamin and cyclosporine, topical treatment, fatty acid supplements and environmental treatment. The prognosis is individual for each patient due to their different response to the treatment. It may take a while to find the right combination of treatments to achieve satisfactory control of the disease..

Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva erfarenheter av förändringar i dagliga aktiviteter hos kvinnor med långvarig smärta. Data samlades in via semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju kvinnor, alla över 50 år. Kvinnorna fick berätta om sina erfarenheter av förändringar i dagliga aktiviteter. Analys av data genomfördes med kvalitativ innehållsanalys vilken resulterade i tre kategorier: ?Förändrat umgänge och aktiviteter med andra?, ?Utförandet av aktiviteter är förändrat? och ?Förändrad aktivitetsrepertoar?.

ECG-Screening for young elite athletesAbstractBackgroundSudden cardiac death (SCD) during physical activity is a frightening and emotional tragedy that draws huge media attentions when it occurs. Fortunately it is a relatively uncommon occurrence but happens nonetheless to young athletes who often seems to be in perfect health. SCD is used as a term for sudden unexpected complications on the cardiovascular system that leads to a deadly outcome normally within the first hour of onset of symptoms and the cause is some sort of underlying cardiovascular disease that gets triggered by physical activity.Normally athletes gets divided into two groups dependent on age, over and under 35 years, and this studies focus is on the younger group since it is often during this period athletes are at the elite level. It is also in this category the most unexpected sudden deaths occur that is not due to coronary atherosclerosis, which is the dominant cause of death, and drastically increases, for people over 35 years old.AimThe aim of this study was to scientific and unbiased analyze peer-reviewed clinical articles todescribe the pros, cons and cost to implement an ECG-screening as a standard before physicalactivities for specifically defined elite athletes.MethodA systematic review was performed and after all data collection 21 articles was chosen to beused as a base for both background and analyze. At the end 10 articles was fulfilling the criteria to be used at the analyze and later the results.ResultsThe implementation of ECG-screening has reduced SCD in Italy by 89 % between the years 1979-2004.

Bakgrund: Folkhälsoproblemet stress har bara ökat under senare år och flertalet sjukdomar uppkommer ur stress. Det finns olika stresshanteringsmetoder, men den kinesiska medicinen som stresshantering är inte så vanligt än. Hur kan den kinesiska medicinen påverka stressen hos individen? Syfte: Vilken metod inom den traditionella kinesiska medicinen(TCM) kan hjälpa mot stressrelaterade sjukdomar? Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes med tio utvalda artiklar som analyserades och sammanställdes till en rapport. Resultat: Akupunktur, akupressur, qigong har visat sig vara bra redskap till stresshantering.

De tidigare studierna som undersökt miljökuznetskurvan (EKC) för koldioxid-utsläpp, där de flesta urval baserats på OECD medlemsländer, har fått varierande resultat. Den här studien använder sig av både OECD medlemsländer och länder som inte är medlemmar i OECD. Urvalets data baseras på åren 1971-2010 för totalt 57 länder från runt om i världen. Resultaten visar tecken på ett inverterat U-format förhållande mellan koldioxidutsläpp och inkomstnivå, men att ett monotont stigande förhållande inte kan avfärdas. Enligt de uppskattade ekvationerna är inkomstnivån där utsläppen tenderar att minska lägre för hela urvalet än för både OECD-medlemsländerna och länderna som inte är medlemmar i OECD.

This study examines if the prediction of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients can be improved upon when renal function and microalbuminuria are added to the classical risk factors The predictive capability of a model is measured by discrimination, calibration, reclassification and Harrell's C.The results are ambigious. In most cases, microalbuminuria should be included in the model, but the results regarding the other measures of renal function are varied. Therefore, the selection of risk factors to include in the model depends on which measure of prediction one prioritizes..

Hemsjukvårdscentralen began its work from Tunåsens Hospital in Uppsala in 1962, with the purpose to give conomic support to people who nursed their chronic sick relatives in home. Hemsjukvårdscentralen ended its work in 1987, and delivered its archive to the County council of Uppsala in 1988. About half of the archive consisted of medical records of the patients who had received economical support, and many of the archival records was considered as ?work papers?, non-archival records that could be discarded. Two obvious problems emerge from the organizing of the records.

Touch that is performed in a sensitive and gentle way can be a good complement in caring. To be stricken with illness can involve that the individual feels powerlessness and to have no control over the own body. This could lead to both psychical and physical suffering. To strength health is one of the nurses' responsibilities and to touch can be one way. The aim of the study was to describe patients' experience of the effects of touch.

Interaktioner mellan vilda herbivorer och nötboskap är väldigt komplexa. Bland nackdelarna väger överföring av sjukdomar tyngst. Uppskattningsvis har cirka 70 % av alla sjukdomar hos boskap (inklusive zoonoser) som uppkommit på senare tid sitt ursprung hos vilda djur. Sjukdomar kan spridas via direkta kontakter eller indirekta interaktioner (luft, kroppsvätskor, avföring, kött eller mjölk) mellan vilda djur och boskap. Några exempel på sådana sjukdomar är: East Coast Fever, Corridor disease, January disease, katarralfeber, trypanosomos samt mul- och klövsjuka.

Bipolar disorder is a chronic affective disorder, characterized by episodes of mania and depression. Previous studies have shown beneficial results for CBT in conjunction with pharmacotherapy over pharmacological treatment alone. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a CBT treatment in group for patients with bipolar disorder, run by Norrlands universitetssjukhus. The treatment group consisted of pharmacologically stabilized patients (n=12) who received group CBT. They were compared to a control group (n=5) who received pharmacological treatment only.

Besvär från ländryggen är vanligt förekommande hos patienter inom hälso- och sjukvård. På senare år har metoder från psykiatrin influerat behandlingsarsenalen i den sjukgymnastiska verksamheten, en sådan metod är Basal Kroppskännedom (BK). Syftet med studien var att undersöka kroniska ländryggspatienters upplevelser av BK som behandlingsmetod samt sjukgymnasters erfarenheter av metoden. Tre patienter och två sjukgymnaster i åldrarna 35 till 60 år intervjuades. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes som metod för att ta del av de intervjuades tankar och erfarenheter kring BK.